US20040154779A1 - Apparatus and method for producing toe caps for safety shoes - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for producing toe caps for safety shoes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040154779A1 US20040154779A1 US10/477,094 US47709404A US2004154779A1 US 20040154779 A1 US20040154779 A1 US 20040154779A1 US 47709404 A US47709404 A US 47709404A US 2004154779 A1 US2004154779 A1 US 2004154779A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- impression
- male plug
- liquid metal
- aluminum
- die
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/08—Heel stiffeners; Toe stiffeners
- A43B23/081—Toe stiffeners
- A43B23/082—Toe stiffeners made of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43D—MACHINES, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT OR METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING OR REPAIRING FOOTWEAR
- A43D2200/00—Machines or methods characterised by special features
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing toe caps, for safety shoes and the like, made of aluminum, aluminum alloys and light alloys in general, and to the method of manufacturing toe caps.
- the aim of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks noted above, by providing an apparatus for producing toe caps for safety shoes made of aluminum, aluminum alloys and light alloys in general that allows to obtain a toe cap capable of withstanding impact tests and is considerably lighter than corresponding steel toe caps.
- an object of the invention is to provide a toe cap whose internal structure is practically free from gas with particularly closely arranged molecules, so as to achieve high mechanical strength properties.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that allows to form the part and in practice to forge it in the plastic state without sprue.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that allows to obtain a toe cap which, in addition to being nonmagnetic and lightweight, has a low cost.
- an apparatus for producing toe caps for safety shoes and the like made of aluminum, aluminum alloys and light alloys in general, according to the invention, which comprises a bottom die and a top die which can be associated with respective platens and can be mated so as to form at least one impression, characterized in that it comprises at least one male plug that can be inserted in said impression in order to form the shape of the part being formed and is suitable to act as a flow control element for the duct for introducing the liquid metal in said impression.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus according to the invention, with the dies in the open position;
- FIG. 2 is a view of the apparatus with the dies closed during the step for introducing the liquid metal
- FIG. 3 is a view of the apparatus during formation of the part by descent of the male plug
- FIG. 4 is a view of the apparatus during the step of extracting the part from the bottom die
- FIG. 5 is a view of the apparatus during separation of the part from the male plug
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the resulting part.
- the apparatus for manufacturing toe caps for safety shoes and the like made of aluminum, aluminum alloys and light alloys in general, according to the invention, comprises a bottom die 1 and a top die 2 , which are respectively associable with a lower platen 3 and with an upper platen 4 .
- the dies can be mutually mated, by way of the relative motion of the platens and preferably by way of the descent of the upper platen, so as to form an impression 5 .
- the particularity of the invention consists in that at the impression 5 there is a duct for introducing the liquid metal 10 , which is connected to an assembly for feeding the molten metal 11 , which is temperature-controlled and allows to introduce in the impression 5 pre-dosed quantities of liquid aluminum or aluminum alloys.
- a male plug 20 which is associated with a movable part 21 of the upper platen 4 constituting motion means for the male plug able to provide, after the introduction of the molten metal inside the impression 5 , the introduction of the male plug forming the exact shape of the part being manufactured; further, the male plug 20 achieves the closure of the inflow duct 10 by means of a flat portion 22 that closes the passage of the duct 10 and allows to form a sprueless part.
- the male plug 20 defines in practice a flow control element for the duct 10 and also applies a pressure between 500 and 1300 kg/cm 2 so as to perform in practice a forging of the liquid metal, which achieves a plastic deformation of the material before it solidifies and, by applying pressure, more favorable conditions as regards solidification.
- the bottom die 1 is provided with lower heating resistors 30 and correspondingly the top die 2 is provided with upper heating resistors 31 , which allow optimum temperature control, together with the presence of thermocouples 35 that perform temperature control of the male plug 20 , wherein appropriate heating resistors are provided.
- the difference between the temperature of the metal before formation and the temperature of the dies that form the impression is preferably as low as possible and is between 150 and 250° C., preferably 200° C.
- the dies are heated to a preset temperature by means of the electric resistors 30 and 31 , and the metal in the furnace is brought to the required temperature.
- the upper movable platen descends rapidly until the bottom die and the top die are mutually closed, keeping the male plug 20 partially extracted from the impression 5 .
- the dosage system for the liquid metal constituted by aluminum and aluminum alloys, is activated in order to introduce a quantity of dosed liquid metal in the impression 5 by means of the inflow duct 10 .
- the descent of the male plug 20 is activated, under the actuation of the cylinder 21 , which performs a descent at a preset speed and applies a preset pressure.
- the solidification time begins; during this time, the pressure rises according to a preset criterion in order to forge the part, designated by the reference letter P, which is still in the plastic state.
- the ejector piston 41 is actuated and acts on the ejector 40 with an upward motion at a preset speed, simultaneously with the actuation for the rise of the upper platen of the press, male plug 20 , up to a preset level.
- the thicknesses of the resulting part can vary from point to point according to the requirements of mechanical strength of the part, a feature that was not obtainable with conventional methods, which instead started from the pressing of a plate.
- the materials used, as well as the contingent shapes and dimensions may be any according to requirements.
Abstract
An apparatus for producing toe caps for safety shoes and the like made of aluminum, aluminum alloys and light alloys in general, comprising a bottom die and a top die which can be associated with respective platens and can be mated so as to form at least one impression. The apparatus further comprises at least one male plug that can be inserted in the impression in order to form the shape of the part being formed and is suitable to act as a flow control element for the duct for introducing the liquid metal in the impression.
Description
- The present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing toe caps, for safety shoes and the like, made of aluminum, aluminum alloys and light alloys in general, and to the method of manufacturing toe caps.
- It is known that the toe caps currently used in safety shoes or working shoes are usually made of steel and have a substantially constant thickness, since they are mostly manufactured by pressing metal plate.
- Steel toe caps suffer the drawback that they are relatively heavy and are magnetic.
- Attempts made to manufacture toe caps by using composite materials, such as fiberglass-reinforced plastics and carbon fibers, have failed to yield satisfactory results, since they have an extremely high cost and great thickness, which significantly impairs the aesthetics of the shoe.
- Production by casting or pressing aluminum has failed to yield good results, because it has not been possible to produce a toe cap capable of withstanding the 200-joule impact test required by the standards.
- The aim of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks noted above, by providing an apparatus for producing toe caps for safety shoes made of aluminum, aluminum alloys and light alloys in general that allows to obtain a toe cap capable of withstanding impact tests and is considerably lighter than corresponding steel toe caps.
- Within this aim, an object of the invention is to provide a toe cap whose internal structure is practically free from gas with particularly closely arranged molecules, so as to achieve high mechanical strength properties.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that allows to form the part and in practice to forge it in the plastic state without sprue.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that allows to obtain a toe cap which, in addition to being nonmagnetic and lightweight, has a low cost.
- This aim and these and other objects that will become better apparent hereinafter are achieved by an apparatus for producing toe caps for safety shoes and the like, made of aluminum, aluminum alloys and light alloys in general, according to the invention, which comprises a bottom die and a top die which can be associated with respective platens and can be mated so as to form at least one impression, characterized in that it comprises at least one male plug that can be inserted in said impression in order to form the shape of the part being formed and is suitable to act as a flow control element for the duct for introducing the liquid metal in said impression.
- Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become better apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing toe caps for safety shoes and the like, made of aluminum, aluminum alloys and light alloys in general, illustrated by way of non-limitative example in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus according to the invention, with the dies in the open position;
- FIG. 2 is a view of the apparatus with the dies closed during the step for introducing the liquid metal;
- FIG. 3 is a view of the apparatus during formation of the part by descent of the male plug;
- FIG. 4 is a view of the apparatus during the step of extracting the part from the bottom die;
- FIG. 5 is a view of the apparatus during separation of the part from the male plug;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the resulting part.
- With reference to the figures, the apparatus for manufacturing toe caps for safety shoes and the like, made of aluminum, aluminum alloys and light alloys in general, according to the invention, comprises a
bottom die 1 and atop die 2, which are respectively associable with alower platen 3 and with anupper platen 4. - The dies can be mutually mated, by way of the relative motion of the platens and preferably by way of the descent of the upper platen, so as to form an
impression 5. - The particularity of the invention consists in that at the
impression 5 there is a duct for introducing theliquid metal 10, which is connected to an assembly for feeding themolten metal 11, which is temperature-controlled and allows to introduce in theimpression 5 pre-dosed quantities of liquid aluminum or aluminum alloys. - At the
top die 2 there is amale plug 20, which is associated with amovable part 21 of theupper platen 4 constituting motion means for the male plug able to provide, after the introduction of the molten metal inside theimpression 5, the introduction of the male plug forming the exact shape of the part being manufactured; further, themale plug 20 achieves the closure of theinflow duct 10 by means of aflat portion 22 that closes the passage of theduct 10 and allows to form a sprueless part. - The
male plug 20 defines in practice a flow control element for theduct 10 and also applies a pressure between 500 and 1300 kg/cm2 so as to perform in practice a forging of the liquid metal, which achieves a plastic deformation of the material before it solidifies and, by applying pressure, more favorable conditions as regards solidification. - Moreover, the application of pressure during solidification allows to substantially eliminate gas in the structure of the casting and to move closer the molecules, which in practice are packed more tightly and allow to provide a particularly compact structure.
- This technique is certainly innovative with respect to conventional methods, which entailed, in the case of introduction of liquid metal, the introduction of the material from above, with an excessive time before closing the die, with the possibility of partial solidifications of the liquid metal and considerable difficulties in die temperature control; moreover, pressure was difficult to adjust and was due in each instance to the specific characteristics of the material.
- In the specific solution, the
bottom die 1 is provided withlower heating resistors 30 and correspondingly thetop die 2 is provided withupper heating resistors 31, which allow optimum temperature control, together with the presence ofthermocouples 35 that perform temperature control of themale plug 20, wherein appropriate heating resistors are provided. - In performing die-casting, the difference between the temperature of the metal before formation and the temperature of the dies that form the impression is preferably as low as possible and is between 150 and 250° C., preferably 200° C.
- It should be added to the above that at the
impression 5 there is anejector 40, which can be actuated by anejector piston 41 associated with the lower platen, which is preset to facilitate the release of the produced part after the solidification period, in order to remove it from the impression of the bottom die. - In the practical use of the apparatus according to the invention, the dies are heated to a preset temperature by means of the
electric resistors - In order to start the cycle, the upper movable platen descends rapidly until the bottom die and the top die are mutually closed, keeping the
male plug 20 partially extracted from theimpression 5. - Once the coupling of the dies has been performed, the dosage system for the liquid metal, constituted by aluminum and aluminum alloys, is activated in order to introduce a quantity of dosed liquid metal in the
impression 5 by means of theinflow duct 10. - Once dosage has ended, the descent of the
male plug 20 is activated, under the actuation of thecylinder 21, which performs a descent at a preset speed and applies a preset pressure. - It is considerably important that the descent of the
piston 20 automatically also closes theinflow duct 10 for the liquid metal. - Once the descent of the
male plug 20 has ended, the solidification time begins; during this time, the pressure rises according to a preset criterion in order to forge the part, designated by the reference letter P, which is still in the plastic state. - Once the solidification time has ended, the
ejector piston 41 is actuated and acts on theejector 40 with an upward motion at a preset speed, simultaneously with the actuation for the rise of the upper platen of the press,male plug 20, up to a preset level. - Once the preset upper level of the upper platen has been reached, the rise of the
male plug 20 is actuated, consequently releasing the resulting part. - The thicknesses of the resulting part can vary from point to point according to the requirements of mechanical strength of the part, a feature that was not obtainable with conventional methods, which instead started from the pressing of a plate.
- The possibility to vary the thickness of the part according to contingent requirements provides a further possibility to reduce the weight of the resulting part without thereby reducing mechanical strength.
- From the above description it is thus evident that the invention achieves the intended aim and objects, and in particular the fact is stressed that an apparatus and a method are provided which are definitely innovative in that, in practice, a liquid forging is provided, with the possibility to control the part solidification step, always achieving optimum conditions.
- The invention thus conceived is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the appended claims.
- All the details may further be replaced with other technically equivalent elements.
- In practice, the materials used, as well as the contingent shapes and dimensions, may be any according to requirements.
- The disclosures in Italian Patent Application No. MI2001A000949 from which this application claims priority are incorporated herein by reference.
Claims (12)
1. An apparatus for producing toe caps for safety shoes and the like, made of aluminum, aluminum alloys and light alloys in general, comprising a bottom die (1) and a top die (2) which can be associated with respective platens (3,4) and can be mated so as to form at least one impression (5), characterized in that it comprises at least one male plug (20) that can be inserted in said impression (5) in order to form the shape of the part (P) being formed and is adapted to act as a flow control element for the duct (10) for introducing the liquid metal in said impression (5).
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that said liquid metal inflow duct (10) is formed at said bottom die (1).
3. The apparatus according to the preceding claims, characterized in that said male plug (20) is supported by said top die (2) and is connected to means (21) for translational motion with respect to said top die (2).
4. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said male plug (20) has a flattened portion (22) for closing the passage connecting said liquid metal inflow duct (10) and said impression (5).
5. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said male plug (20) is adapted to apply a pressure between 500 and 1300 kg/cm2 to the liquid metal that is present in said impression (5).
6. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises lower heating resistors (30) at said bottom die (1), upper heating resistors (31) at said top die (2), and male plug heating resistors.
7. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the difference between the temperature of the liquid metal before casting and the temperature of said dies (1,2) is between 150 and 250° C., preferably 200° C.
8. The apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an ejector (40), which is provided on the bottom of said impression (5) and connected to an ejector piston (41) for the release of the solidified part (P) from said impression (5).
9. A method for producing toe caps for safety shoes and the like made of aluminum, aluminum alloys and light alloys in general, characterized in that it consists in introducing dosed liquid metal in an impression formed by a bottom die and a top die, in introducing in said impression a male plug adapted to apply a preset pressure to said metal and to prevent connection to the liquid metal inflow duct, in performing the solidification of the part under pressure for a preset time, in performing the ejection of the part with respect to the impression, and in removing the male plug from the part.
10. The method according to claim 9 , characterized in that the difference in temperature between the liquid metal and the dies that form said impression is between 150 and 250° C., preferably 200° C.
11. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said male plug applies a pressure between 500 and 1300 kg/cm2 during the solidification of the part.
12. A toe cap for safety shoes and the like, made with the apparatus of claim 1 and according to the method of claim 9 , characterized in that it comprises a body formed by casting liquid aluminum, aluminum alloys and light alloys in general, said body having a differentiated thickness in its various points and being sprueless.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITMI2001A000949 | 2001-05-09 | ||
IT2001MI000949A ITMI20010949A1 (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2001-05-09 | EQUIPMENT FOR THE REALIZATION OF TOE CAPS FOR SAFETY SHOES AND SIMILAR ALUMINUM ITS ALLOY AND LIGHT ALLOYS IN GENERAL AS WELL AS PR |
PCT/EP2002/004812 WO2002089625A2 (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2002-05-02 | Apparatus and method for producing toe caps for safety shoes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040154779A1 true US20040154779A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
Family
ID=11447619
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/477,094 Abandoned US20040154779A1 (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2002-05-02 | Apparatus and method for producing toe caps for safety shoes |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040154779A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1385399A2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0205351A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2446373A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ20033058A3 (en) |
IT (1) | ITMI20010949A1 (en) |
MA (1) | MA26175A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL366992A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2003135641A (en) |
SI (1) | SI21343A (en) |
SK (1) | SK14552003A3 (en) |
TN (1) | TNSN03111A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002089625A2 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200308566B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2319638A3 (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2012-01-18 | Heinrich G. Baumgartner | Metal die-casting machine |
WO2016185424A1 (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2016-11-24 | Alustrategy S.R.L. | Improvements relating to equipments for the manufacture of articles made of light alloy or similar |
US20220125155A1 (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-04-28 | Tbl Licensing Llc | Strain-Hardened Safety Toe For Footwear |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITMI20020223A1 (en) * | 2002-02-07 | 2003-08-07 | Claudio Frulla | EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM OBJECTS DIALUMINIUM ALLOYS LIGHT AND SIMILAR ALLOYS |
ITPD20020167A1 (en) * | 2002-06-21 | 2003-12-22 | Bbs Riva Spa | EQUIPMENT FOR MAKING ALUMINUM OBJECTS, ALUMINUM ALLOYS, LIGHT AND SIMILAR ALLOYS, AND PROCEDURE IMPLEMENTED BY THAT EQUIPMENT |
US20050167074A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-08-04 | Matteo Mongini | Process and machine for producing metal alloy components |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1703562A (en) * | 1928-01-14 | 1929-02-26 | James E Williams | Box toe |
US2524057A (en) * | 1946-07-18 | 1950-10-03 | Thoger G Jungersen | Precision forming of metal |
US4977947A (en) * | 1989-01-31 | 1990-12-18 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method and a device for homogenizing the intimate structure of metals and alloys cast under pressure |
US5194202A (en) * | 1990-08-03 | 1993-03-16 | Aluminum Company Of America | Formation of ceramic-metal composite by pressure casting and oxidation sintering |
US5343927A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1994-09-06 | Tour & Andersson Ab | Method and a device for press casting |
US5758711A (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1998-06-02 | Water Gremlin Company | Molding apparatus for minimizing shrinkage and voids |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6046856A (en) * | 1983-08-24 | 1985-03-13 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Pressure casting method |
IT1231211B (en) * | 1989-08-24 | 1991-11-23 | Tva Holding | PROCESS FOR CONTROLLED PRESSURE CASTING OF MELTED METALS, PARTICULARLY LIGHT ALLUMINIUM AND MAGNESIUM ALLOYS, AND EQUIPMENT FOR ITS EXECUTION |
JPH07227302A (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-08-29 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | Toe core for safety shoe |
-
2001
- 2001-05-09 IT IT2001MI000949A patent/ITMI20010949A1/en unknown
-
2002
- 2002-05-02 PL PL02366992A patent/PL366992A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-05-02 WO PCT/EP2002/004812 patent/WO2002089625A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-05-02 SK SK1455-2003A patent/SK14552003A3/en unknown
- 2002-05-02 BR BR0205351-9A patent/BR0205351A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-02 CA CA002446373A patent/CA2446373A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-05-02 EP EP02750875A patent/EP1385399A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-05-02 CZ CZ20033058A patent/CZ20033058A3/en unknown
- 2002-05-02 SI SI200220016A patent/SI21343A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-02 RU RU2003135641/12A patent/RU2003135641A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-05-02 US US10/477,094 patent/US20040154779A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2003
- 2003-07-08 TN TNPCT/EP2002/004812A patent/TNSN03111A1/en unknown
- 2003-11-03 MA MA27380A patent/MA26175A1/en unknown
- 2003-11-03 ZA ZA200308566A patent/ZA200308566B/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1703562A (en) * | 1928-01-14 | 1929-02-26 | James E Williams | Box toe |
US2524057A (en) * | 1946-07-18 | 1950-10-03 | Thoger G Jungersen | Precision forming of metal |
US4977947A (en) * | 1989-01-31 | 1990-12-18 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method and a device for homogenizing the intimate structure of metals and alloys cast under pressure |
US5194202A (en) * | 1990-08-03 | 1993-03-16 | Aluminum Company Of America | Formation of ceramic-metal composite by pressure casting and oxidation sintering |
US5343927A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1994-09-06 | Tour & Andersson Ab | Method and a device for press casting |
US5758711A (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1998-06-02 | Water Gremlin Company | Molding apparatus for minimizing shrinkage and voids |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2319638A3 (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2012-01-18 | Heinrich G. Baumgartner | Metal die-casting machine |
WO2016185424A1 (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2016-11-24 | Alustrategy S.R.L. | Improvements relating to equipments for the manufacture of articles made of light alloy or similar |
KR20180010188A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2018-01-30 | 알루스트레테지 에스.알.엘. | Dog gifts related to equipment for making articles made from light alloys, etc. |
US20180133787A1 (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2018-05-17 | Alustrategy S.R.L. | Improvements relating to equipment for the manufacture of articles made of light alloy or similar |
US10556268B2 (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2020-02-11 | Alustrategy S.R.L. | Improvements relating to equipment for the manufacture of articles made of light alloy or similar |
KR102457903B1 (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2022-10-21 | 알루스트레테지 에스.알.엘. | Improvements related to equipment for manufacturing articles made of light alloys, etc. |
US20220125155A1 (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-04-28 | Tbl Licensing Llc | Strain-Hardened Safety Toe For Footwear |
US11684114B2 (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2023-06-27 | Tbl Licensing Llc | Strain-hardened safety toe for footwear |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITMI20010949A1 (en) | 2002-11-09 |
BR0205351A (en) | 2003-09-09 |
RU2003135641A (en) | 2005-05-27 |
TNSN03111A1 (en) | 2005-04-08 |
WO2002089625A2 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
EP1385399A2 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
CA2446373A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
WO2002089625A3 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
ZA200308566B (en) | 2004-12-07 |
PL366992A1 (en) | 2005-02-07 |
SI21343A (en) | 2004-06-30 |
ITMI20010949A0 (en) | 2001-05-09 |
SK14552003A3 (en) | 2004-07-07 |
MA26175A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
CZ20033058A3 (en) | 2004-02-18 |
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