US20040132097A1 - Method for predicting response to epidermal growth factor receptor-directed therapy - Google Patents

Method for predicting response to epidermal growth factor receptor-directed therapy Download PDF

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US20040132097A1
US20040132097A1 US10/600,129 US60012903A US2004132097A1 US 20040132097 A1 US20040132097 A1 US 20040132097A1 US 60012903 A US60012903 A US 60012903A US 2004132097 A1 US2004132097 A1 US 2004132097A1
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egfr
expression
her3
growth factor
her1
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Sarah Bacus
David Lynch
Pamela Lockbaum
Gisela Schwab
Xiao-Dong Yang
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Immunex Corp
Amgen Fremont Inc
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Immunex Corp
Abgenix Inc
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Priority to US10/600,129 priority Critical patent/US20040132097A1/en
Assigned to IMMUNEX CORPORATION reassignment IMMUNEX CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LYNCH, DAVID HASKETT
Assigned to VENTANA MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC. reassignment VENTANA MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BACUS, SARAH S.
Assigned to IMMUNEX CORPORATION, ABGENIX, INC. reassignment IMMUNEX CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VENTANA MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
Assigned to ABGENIX, INC. reassignment ABGENIX, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LOCKBAUM, PAMELA, SCHWAB, GISELA, YANG, XIAO-DONG
Publication of US20040132097A1 publication Critical patent/US20040132097A1/en
Priority to US11/548,386 priority patent/US7771958B2/en
Priority to US12/826,386 priority patent/US20100279323A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/18—Growth factors; Growth regulators
    • A61K38/1808—Epidermal growth factor [EGF] urogastrone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2863—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against receptors for growth factors, growth regulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods for predicting the response to cancer therapy in an individual.
  • Cellular growth and differentiation processes involve growth factors that exert their actions through specific receptors expressed in the surfaces of responsive cells. Ligands binding to surface receptors, such as those that carry an intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, trigger a cascade of events that eventually lead to cellular proliferation and differentiation (Carpenter et al., Biochem., 48: 193-216, 1979; Sachs et al., Cancer Res., 47: 1981-1986, 1987). Receptor tyrosine kinases can be classified into several groups on the basis of sequence similarity and distinct features.
  • erbB-1 epidermal growth factor receptor family
  • HER-1 epidermal growth factor receptor family
  • erbB-2 HER-2/neu
  • HER-3 HER-3
  • NDF nerve differentiation factor
  • Heregulin is a receptor tyrosine kinase ligand that can stimulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of erbB-2 through heterodimerization with its receptors erbB-3 or erbB-4 (Peles, et al., Cell, 69:205-216, 1992, Peles, et al., EMBO J. Mar;12(3):961-71. 1993; Holmes et al, Science, 256:1205-1210, 1992. Tzahar et al., Biol.
  • NDF/Heregulin can either elicit a growth arrest and differentiation phenotype, resulting in morphological changes, induction of lipids, and expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1, or induce a mitogenic response (Holmes et al., Science, 256:1205-1210, 1992; Peles et al., Cell, 69:205-216, 1992; Bacus et al., Cancer Res. 53:5251-5261, 1993).
  • Activation of erbB receptor heterodimers is coupled to and stimulates downstream MAPK-Erk1/2 and PI3K-AKT growth and survival pathways whose deregulation in cancer has been linked to disease progression and refractoriness to therapy (Olayioye, M. A., et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 5042-5051 (1998), Fukazawa, T., et al., J Biol. Chem. 271, 14554-14559 (1996), Hackel, P. O., et al., Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11, 184-189 (1999); Tzahar, E., et al., Mol. Cell. Biol.
  • HER-3 is a major docking site for phoshoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K).
  • PI3K phoshoinositide-3-kinase
  • NDF/Heregulin stimulation causes activation of the PI3K pathway and phosphorylation of AKT (Altiok et al., J. Biol. Chem., 274, 32274-32278, 1999; Liu et al., Res. Comm., 261, 897-903, 1999; Xing et al., Nature Med., 6, 189-195, 2000).
  • HER erbB
  • EGF-related ligands activate different erbB/HER receptors, it is possible that multiple erbB receptor combinations might be active in a tumor, a characteristic that could influence its response to an erbB-targeted therapeutic.
  • erbB-2/HER-2 is overexpressed in 20 to 30% of all breast cancers, and its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis, suggesting that it could be used as a target for anti-tumor agents (Slamon et al., Science, 235: 177-182, 1987; Tagliabue et al., Int. J. Cancer, 47: 933-937, 1991; Hudziak et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 9: 1165-1172, 1989).
  • chemotherapeutic agents e.g., cisplatin, doxoubicin, taxol
  • HER-2/erbB-2 antibodies might enhance cytotoxicity to chemotherapeutic agents is through the modulation of the HER-2/erbB-2 protein expression, (Bacus et al., Cell Growth & Diff., 3: 401-411, 1992, Bacus et al., Cancer Res.
  • HER-2/erbB-2 Because of the effect of anti-HER-2/erbB-2 antibodies on cellular growth, a number of approaches have been used to therapeutically target HER-2/erbB-2 or EGFR overexpressing cancers.
  • one approach is to interfere with the kinase activity of the receptor by using inhibitors that block the nucleotide binding site of HER-2/neu or EGFR (Bruns, et al., Cancer Research, 60,2926-2935, (2000); Christensen, et al, Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 7, 4230-4238, 2001, Erlichman, et al., Cancer Research 61, 739-748, 2001, Fujimura, et al., Clinical Cancer Research, Vol.
  • HERCEPTIN® is approved for treating the 25% of women whose breast cancers overexpress erbB-2 protein or demonstrate erbB-2 gene amplification (Cobleigh, M. A., et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 17, 2639-2648 (1999)).
  • Analysis of various antibodies to HER-2/neu has led to the identification of the murine monoclonal, 4D5. This antibody recognizes an extracellular epitope (amino acids 529 to 627) in the cysteine-rich II domain that resides very close to the transmembrane region.
  • ABX-EGF human anti-EGFr monoclonal antibody
  • ABX-EGF a human anti-EGFr monoclonal antibody
  • ABX-0303 a human anti-EGFr monoclonal antibody
  • cytotoxic cancer therapies have been developed based on maximum tolerated doses (MTD), treating patients without understanding the tumor profile for likely responders. Hence, patients were often subjected to toxic therapies with limited therapeutic benefit. Recently, elucidating tumor growth and survival pathways has led to the development of tumor-targeted therapies.
  • GleevecTM an inhibitor of the c-abl family of tyrosine kinases approved for treating chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (Druker, B. J. et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 1031-1037 (2001); Demitri, G. D., et al.; N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 472-480 (2002)).
  • BED biologically effective doses
  • cytotoxic therapies where added toxicity may not be tolerable, further supporting BED-based dosing.
  • Targeted-therapy implies that populations of likely responders exists, and can be identified.
  • This invention provides methods for predicting a response of an individual to a particular cancer treatment regimen.
  • the invention provides methods for predicting a response to an epidermal growth factor receptor-directed therapy in a human subject, the method comprising the step of assaying a tumor sample from the human subject before therapy with one or a plurality of reagents that detect expression and/or activation of predictive biomarkers for cancer; and determining a pattern of expression and/or activation of at least two of said predictive biomarkers, wherein the pattern predicts the human subject's response to the epidermal growth factor receptor-directed therapy.
  • the predictive biomarker is a growth factor receptor, or a growth factor receptor-related downstream signaling molecule.
  • the growth factor receptors can be HER1 (EGFR), pHER1, HER2/neu, HER3, or any combination thereof.
  • the growth factor receptor-related downstream signaling molecules can be pERK.
  • the predictive biomarkers are HER1 (EGFR), pHER1, HER2/neu, HER3, or pERK, or any combination thereof.
  • the predictive biomarkers are HER1 (EGFR) and HER3.
  • HER1 (EGFR) when HER1 (EGFR) is undetectable is predictive of the human subject not responding to the epidermal growth factor receptor-directed therapy.
  • HER3 wherein when HER3 is undetectable is predictive of the human subject responding to the epidermal growth factor receptor-directed therapy.
  • the predictive biomarkers are HER1 (EGFR) and pERK; or the predictive biomarkers are pERK and HER3, or the predictive biomarkers are HER1 (EGFR), HER3, and pERK.
  • the invention provides a kit for the determining a response to an epidermal growth factor receptor-directed therapy in a subject, wherein the kit comprises at least two reagents that detect expression and/or activation of predictive biomarkers for cancer.
  • the kit comprises three reagents.
  • the predictive biomarkers are HER1, HER3, or pERK, or any combination thereof.
  • the invention provides methods for predicting a response to a cancer therapy in a human subject, the method comprising the step of assaying a cell or tissue sample from the human subject before therapy with one or a plurality of reagents that detect expression and/or activation of predictive biomarkers for cancer, wherein said predicative biomarkers consist of growth factor receptor ligands; and determining a pattern of expression and/or activation of at least two of said predictive biomarkers, wherein the pattern predicts the human subject's response to the cancer therapy.
  • the growth factor receptors are HER1 (EGFR), pHER1, HER2/neu, HER3 or any combination thereof.
  • the cancer therapy is an epidermal growth factor receptor-directed therapy.
  • the cancer therapy is an anti-EGFR antibody. Further, the antibody is ABX-0303.
  • the invention provides methods of selecting a subject with cancer for treatment with a molecule targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), comprising determining the level of expression of HER3 in a cell or tissue sample from the subject, wherein if the level of HER3 expression is low in the cells, the subject is selected.
  • the molecule is an anti-EGFR antibody.
  • the antibody is ABX-0303.
  • the determining step further comprises determining expression of one or more of HER1 (EGFR), pHER1, HER2/neu, and pERK.
  • the invention provides method of predicting the likely response rate to a molecule targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) of a subject having a cancer that overexpresses EGFR, comprising the step of determining the level of expression of HER3 in a cell or tissue sample from the subject, wherein if the level of HER3 expression is low in the cells, the subject is likely to respond to the molecule targeting EGFR.
  • the molecule is an anti-EGFR antibody.
  • the antibody is ABX-0303.
  • the determining step further comprises determining expression of one or more of HER1 (EGFR), pHER1, HER2/neu, and pERK.
  • the invention provides methods of treating a subject with cancer, comprising determining the level of expression of HER3 in the cells from the subject, and treating the subject with an anti-EGFR antibody when HER3 expression levels in the cell are low.
  • the antibody is ABX-0303.
  • the determining step further comprises determining expression of one or more of HER1 (EGFR), pHER1, HER2/neu, and pERK.
  • the antibody is ABX-0303.
  • the level of expression of HER3 is undetectable.
  • the antibody is ABX-0303.
  • the invention provides methods of selecting a subject with cancer for treatment with a molecule targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the method comprising:
  • the subject is selected when the level of expression of HER3 is low, the level of expression of the HER1 is high, and/or the level of the pERK index is high.
  • the molecule is an anti-EGFR antibody.
  • the antibody is ABX-0303.
  • the growth factor receptors comprise one or more of HER1 (EGFR), pHER1, HER2/neu, and HER3.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the response to ABX-0303 by a patient with elevated HER1 and pERK, and decreased levels of HER3.
  • the figure represents quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of EGFR, pEGFR, HER2, HER3, and pERK.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the response to ABX-0303 by a patient with elevated HER1, HER3, and pERK.
  • the figure represents quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of EGFR, pEGFR, HER2, HER3, and pERK.
  • This invention provides methods for predicting response in cancer subjects to cancer therapy, including human cancer patients.
  • neoadjuvant (or primary) chemotherapy consists of administering drugs as an initial treatment in cancer patients.
  • One advantage of such an approach is that, for primary tumors of more than 3 cm, it permits the use of conservative surgical procedures (as opposed to, e.g., radical mastectomy in breast cancer patients) for the majority of patients, due to the tumor-shrinking effect of the chemotherapy.
  • Another advantage is that for many cancers, a partial and/or complete response is achieved in about two-thirds of all cases.
  • a cancer diagnosis both an initial diagnosis of disease and subsequent monitoring of the disease course (before, during, or after treatment) is conventionally confirmed through histological examination of cell or tissue samples removed from a patient.
  • Clinical pathologists need to be able to accurately determine whether such samples are benign or malignant and to classify the aggressiveness of tumor samples deemed to be malignant, because these determinations often form the basis for selecting a suitable course of patient treatment.
  • the pathologist needs to be able to detect the extent to which a cancer has grown or gone into remission, particularly as a result of or consequent to treatment, most particularly treatment with chemotherapeutic or biological agents.
  • Histological examination traditionally entails tissue-staining procedures that permit morphological features of a sample to be readily observed under a light microscope.
  • a pathologist after examining the stained sample, typically makes a qualitative determination of whether the tumor sample is malignant. It is difficult, however, to ascertain a tumor's aggressiveness merely through histological examination of the sample, because a tumor's aggressiveness is often a result of the biochemistry of the cells within the tumor, such as protein expression or suppression and protein activation, which may or may not be reflected by the morphology of the sample. Therefore, it is important to be able to assess the biochemistry of the cells within a tumor sample. Further, it is desirable to observe and quantitate both gene expression and protein activation of tumor related genes or proteins, or more specifically cellular components of a tumor-related signally pathway.
  • Cancer therapy can be based on molecular profiling of tumors rather than histology or site of disease. Elucidating the biological effects of targeted-therapies in tumor tissue and correlating these effects with clinical response helps identify the predominant growth and survival pathways operative in tumors, thereby establishing a profile of likely responders and conversely providing a rational for designing strategies to overcoming resistance.
  • ABX-0303 (as referred to herein as ABX-EGF), an epidermal growth factor receptor-directed therapy sponsored by Abgenix and Immunex Corporation, effectively targets HER1 to prevent the growth of renal cell cancers.
  • ABX-EGF epidermal growth factor receptor-directed therapy sponsored by Abgenix and Immunex Corporation
  • HER1 is acting through the MAPK pathway.
  • HER3 was found to be elevated in a large percentage of renal biopsies analyzed from non-responders.
  • One possibility is that HER3 is interacting with HER2 to confound the action of the drug.
  • Automated (computer-aided) image analysis systems known in the art can augment visual examination of samples.
  • the cell or tissue sample is exposed to detectably labeled reagents specific for a particular biological marker, and the magnified image of the cell is then processed by a computer that receives the image from a charge-coupled device (CCD) or camera such as a television camera.
  • CCD charge-coupled device
  • Such a system can be used, for example, to detect and measure expression and activation levels of Her1, pHER1 HER2, HER3, and pERK in a sample. Additional biomarkers are also contemplated by this invention.
  • This methodology provides more accurate diagnosis of cancer and a better characterization of gene expression in histologically identified cancer cells, most particularly with regard to expression of tumor marker genes or genes known to be expressed in particular cancer types and subtypes (i.e., different degrees of malignancy). This information permits a more informed and effective regimen of therapy to be administered, because drugs with clinical efficacy for certain tumor types or subtypes can be administered to patients whose cells are so identified.
  • proteins associated with cancer can be quantified by image analysis using a suitable primary antibody against biomarkers, such as, but not limited to, Her-1, Her-2, p-Her-1, Her-3, or p-ERK, and a secondary antibody (such as rabbit anti-mouse IgG when using mouse primary antibodies) and/or a tertiary avidin (or Strepavidin) biotin complex (“ABC”).
  • a suitable primary antibody against biomarkers such as, but not limited to, Her-1, Her-2, p-Her-1, Her-3, or p-ERK
  • a secondary antibody such as rabbit anti-mouse IgG when using mouse primary antibodies
  • a tertiary avidin (or Strepavidin) biotin complex such as a tertiary avidin (or Strepavidin) biotin complex
  • staining procedures can be carried out by a technician in the laboratory. Alternatively, the staining procedures can be carried out using automated systems. In either case, staining procedures for use according to the methods of this invention are performed according to standard techniques and protocols well-established in the art.
  • tissue sample biological samples comprising cells, most preferably tumor cells, that are isolated from body samples, such as, but not limited to, smears, sputum, biopsies, secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, bile, blood, lymph fluid, urine and faeces, or tissue which has been removed from organs, such as breast, lung, intestine, skin, cervix, prostate, and stomach.
  • a tissue sample can comprise a region of functionally related cells or adjacent cells.
  • the amount of target protein can then be quantitated by the average optical density of the stained antigens. Also, the proportion or percentage of total tissue area stained may be readily calculated, as the area stained above an antibody threshold level in the second image. Following visualization of nuclei containing biomarkers, the percentage or amount of such cells in tissue derived from patients after treatment may be compared to the percentage or amount of such cells in untreated tissue or said tissue prior to treatment.
  • determining a pattern of expression and/or activation of a biomarker is understood broadly to mean merely obtaining the information on such biomarker(s), either through direct examination or indirectly from, for example, a contract diagnostic service.
  • the level of expression and/or activation in a cell can be determined by, for example, quantitative immunohistochemistry.
  • the level of expression of HER1, HER2, and/or HER3 is considered to be low if the OD is less than 9. Further, the level of expression is also considered to be low if the OD is less than 5, or less than 3, or if the OD is 0 (undetectable).
  • the level of expression of HER1, HER2, and/or HER3 is considered to be high is the OD is greater than 9. Further, the level of expression can be considered high for pERK when the pERK index is greater than 99.
  • pEGFR immunostaining is performed by using Chemicon monoclonal MB3052.
  • p-ERK (1:100) is obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, Mass.) and immunostained using a labeled streptavidin peroxidase technique.
  • slides for p-ERK (1:100) are antigen retrieved using 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 6.0 in the “decloaker” (Biocare Corp.) and the sections incubated overnight with the primaries at 4° C.
  • the slides for pERK and pAKT are placed onto the Autostainer (Dako Corp.) and the “LSAB2” kit (Dako) is employed as the detection chemistry.
  • DAB (Dako) is used as the chromogen.
  • all immunomarkers are counterstained manually with 4% ethyl green (Sigma).
  • Quantitative immunohistochemistry is performed as previously described (Bacus, S., et al., Analyt. Quant. Cytol. Histol. 19, 316-328 (1997)).
  • EGFR, and erbB-2 immunostaining is performed using the pre-diluted EGFR (Ventana monoclonal 111.6) and erbB-2 (Ventana monoclonal CB11) antibodies from Ventana on the VMSI automated “BenchMark” staining module as described.
  • the VMSI “I-View” detection kit is used for all of the VMSI pre-diluted primary antibodies.
  • HER-3 is also immunostained using the “BenchMark” with I-VIEW detection chemistry.
  • pErk is immunostained using a labeled streptavidin peroxidase technique.
  • Phospho-Erk1/2 slides are antigen retrieved as described (Bacus, S., et al., Analyt. Quant. Cytol. Histol. 19, 316-328 (1997)). Slides are placed onto the Autostainer (Dako Corp.) and the “LSAB2” kit (Dako) employed as the detection chemistry.
  • pEGFR is immunostained in a similar labeled streptavidin peroxidase technique.
  • pEGFR slides are antigen retrieved with 1 mM EDTA and slides for p-erbB-2 with 0.1M citrate buffer, pH 6.0, in the “decloaker”.
  • EGFR, HER2, HER3, pErk, and pEGFR are counterstained manually with 4% ethyl green (Sigma).
  • TUNEL assay (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis) is performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Investigators preparing and analyzing tissue sections are blinded to both patient tumor type and response to therapy.
  • VMSI Ventana Medical Scientific Instruments
  • pERK was from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Beverly, Mass.)
  • anti pEGFR and from Chemicon (Temecula, Calif.).
  • IHC Immunohistochemical
  • the slides were permanently mounted and analyzed using interactive image analysis to establish the optical density of peroxidase stained cytoplasmic and membrane staining.
  • pERK the fraction of cells expressing nuclear pERK, and the intensity of the stain were measured using a CAS system, and the results were expressed as the pERK index (product of OD ⁇ percent positive nuclear area).
  • the technician quantifying the results observed areas of tumor that were not adjacent to normal renal tubules to avoid confounding the quantification.
  • the stained slides were viewed by at least two people, including a pathologist and a senior scientist, to establish that the quantification results were representative of the stained sections.
  • HER3 seems to be a negative predictor of response. Patients whose specimens lacked HER3 by the criterion used here were more likely to respond than those that had HER3 (86% vs. 38%). There was no significant correlation between the presence of the phosphorylated form of HER1 and response to ABX-0303. The lack of pHER1 expression, however, even in samples with significantly elevated levels of HER1, may have been a result of a failure to preserve the phosphorylated form of this protein during the collection and processing of biopsies. Only 6 of the samples analyzed by quantitative IHC were HER2 “positive” by the criterion of having on OD of 10 or greater.
  • HER2 expression quantified using a monoclonal antibody directed against the external domain of HER2, was further determined using a cocktail of antibodies that recognize both the internal and external domains of the protein. While some additional samples appeared to be positive using this alternate approach, these observations were not sufficient to confirm the correlation between HER2 and HER3 expression with lack of response to ABX-0303.
  • the above findings provide useful methods for the selection of patients for treatment with molecules that target EGFr and predictors of the response of patients.
  • the above findings provide useful methods for the use of ABX-0303.
  • ABX-0303 is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,235,883 (the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference) and referred to therein in connection with the discussions related to hybridoma E7.6.3.

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Cited By (30)

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US20040106161A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2004-06-03 Birgit Bossenmaier Methods for identifying tumors that are responsive to treatment with anti-ErbB2 antibodies
US20050123546A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-06-09 Glycart Biotechnology Ag Antigen binding molecules with increased Fc receptor binding affinity and effector function
WO2005117553A2 (fr) 2004-05-27 2005-12-15 The Regents Of The University Of Colorado Methodes de prediction d'un avantage clinique relativement a des inhibiteurs du recepteur de facteur de croissance epidermique pour des cancereux
WO2006045991A1 (fr) * 2004-10-25 2006-05-04 Astrazeneca Ab Methode permettant de determiner si une tumeur va reagir a un traitement chimiotherapeutique
US20060211060A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2006-09-21 Haley John D Biological markers predictive of anti-cancer response to epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors
US20060223096A1 (en) * 2005-03-25 2006-10-05 Glycart Biotechnology Ag Antigen binding molecules directed to MCSP and having increased Fc receptor binding affinity and effector function
US20060269545A1 (en) * 2005-02-07 2006-11-30 Glycart Biotechnology Ag Antigen binding molecules that bind EGFR, vectors encoding same, and uses thereof
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US20100279323A1 (en) 2010-11-04
US20070134252A1 (en) 2007-06-14

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