US20040101735A1 - Silicone seal for bipolar plates in a PEM fuel cell - Google Patents
Silicone seal for bipolar plates in a PEM fuel cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040101735A1 US20040101735A1 US10/305,612 US30561202A US2004101735A1 US 20040101735 A1 US20040101735 A1 US 20040101735A1 US 30561202 A US30561202 A US 30561202A US 2004101735 A1 US2004101735 A1 US 2004101735A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- fuel cell
- bipolar plate
- seal
- seal element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/028—Sealing means characterised by their material
- H01M8/0284—Organic resins; Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/4911—Electric battery cell making including sealing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49114—Electric battery cell making including adhesively bonding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/5313—Means to assemble electrical device
- Y10T29/53135—Storage cell or battery
Abstract
Seal means for sealing a bipolar plate to a membrane in a PEM fuel cell stack. The seal includes a thin layer of a cross-linkable silicone composition disposed between the bipolar plate and the membrane. The layer is applied as a liquid to either the plate or the membrane and preferably is polymerized prior to assembly of the stack. A preferred means for applying the composition to the bipolar plate is screen printing. Preferably, the layer has a thickness between 0.001 and 0.005 inch. The resulting fuel cell stack exhibits superior leak resistance. In a currently preferred embodiment, a layer of the silicone composition is provided at interfaces between a membrane and both an anode side and a cathode side of a bipolar plate.
Description
- The present invention relates to fuel cells incorporating a proton exchange membrane (PEM); more particularly, to means for preventing gas leakage between plate elements of a PEM fuel cell stack; and most particularly, to a silicone seal screen-printed on bipolar plate elements to prevent leakage between membrane electrode assembly elements and bipolar plates.
- Fuel cell assemblies employing proton exchange membranes are well known. Such assemblies typically comprise a stack of fuel cell modules, each module having an anode and a cathode separated by a catalytic proton exchange membrane (PEM), and the modules in the stack being connected in series electrically to provide a desired voltage output. Gaseous fuel, in the form of hydrogen or hydrogen-containing mixtures such as “reformed” hydrocarbons, flows adjacent to a first side of the membrane, and oxygen, typically in the form of air, flows adjacent to the opposite side of the membrane. Hydrogen is catalytically oxidized at the anode-membrane interface, and the resulting proton, H+, migrates through the membrane to the cathode-membrane interface where it combines with anionic oxygen, O−2, to form water. Protons migrate only in those areas of the fuel cell in which the anode and cathode are directly opposed across the membrane. Electrons flow from the anode through an external circuit to the cathode, doing electrical work in a load in the circuit.
- A fuel cell assembly typically comprises a plurality of fuel cell modules connected in series to form a fuel cell stack. For convenience in manufacture, and to provide a more rugged assembly, the anode for one cell and the cathode for an adjacent cell typically are formed as rigid plates and then bonded back-to-back, forming a “bipolar plate”, as is well known in the art. A fuel cell assembly thus consists typically of a stack of alternating bipolar plates and proton exchange membranes. At the outer edges of the assembly, the plates and membranes are sealed together to contain the reactant gases and/or coolant within the assembly. Thus, an important aspect of forming a stacked fuel cell assembly is preventing leakage between the membranes and the plates.
- One prior art approach has been to mold a liquid silicone rubber (LSR) gasket directly onto the bipolar plates using liquid injection molding techniques. This has proved to be difficult due to the complex shape of the seal and plate geometry, and also the very brittle nature of some composite materials typically used in forming the bipolar plates.
- Another prior art approach has been to provide a die-cut or separately-molded gasket on one side of the plates, the membrane thus being sandwiched between the gasket and the adjacent bipolar plate. In some instances, an assembly may leak initially at the interface between the membrane and the non-gasketed plate surface, although the leak may self-seal when the membrane becomes hydrated in use. Initial leakage, however, is unacceptable.
- Thus, sealing means on both sides of each bipolar plate is desirable because a membrane is thus sealed on both its sides against sealing material rather than against a bare bipolar plate.
- It is a principal object of the present invention to economically and reliably seal a proton exchange membrane against a bipolar plate surface in a fuel cell stack, both initially and during extended operation of the stack.
- Briefly described, a means for sealing a bipolar plate to a membrane in a PEM fuel cell stack includes a thin layer of a cross-linkable silicone composition between the bipolar plate and the membrane. The layer is applied as a low viscosity fluid to either the plate or the membrane and preferably is polymerized prior to assembly of the stack. A preferred means for applying the composition to the bipolar plate is screen printing. The resulting fuel cell assembly exhibits superior leak resistance. In a currently preferred embodiment, layers of the silicone composition are provided at both interfaces between a membrane and both an anode side and a cathode side of a bipolar plate.
- These and other features and advantages of the invention will be more fully understood and appreciated from the following description of certain exemplary embodiments of the invention taken together with the accompanying drawings, in which:
- FIG. 1 is an elevational cross-sectional view of a portion of a prior art PEM fuel cell;
- FIG. 2 is an elevational cross-sectional view of a portion of a PEM fuel cell in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention; and
- FIG. 3 is an elevational cross-sectional view of a portion of a PEM fuel cell in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention.
- Referring to FIG. 1, in a typical prior art
PEM fuel cell 10, afirst edge portion 12 of aproton exchange membrane 14 extends between thecathode side 16 of a firstbipolar plate assembly 18 and theanode side 20 of a typically identical secondbipolar plate assembly 18′. Anelastomeric gasket 22 is disposed onanode side 20, typically in ashallow groove 24, to seal againstmembrane 14 to prevent leakage of gas fromfirst flow chamber 26 to theexterior 28 of the fuel cell.Membrane 14 itself forms an integral seal against firstbipolar plate surface 30 ofcathode side 16, which seal is known to permitleakage 32 of gas fromsecond flow chamber 34 under some circumstances, especially at first usage of the fuel cell before the membrane becomes hydrated. - Referring to FIG. 2, a
first embodiment 10′ of a fuel cell in accordance with the invention includes all components shown in priorart fuel cell 10 in FIG. 1. Additionally however,membrane seal 38 includes a thinfirst seal element 40 is disposed along thefirst edge portion 12 ofmembrane 14 betweenmembrane 14 andcathode side 16.First seal element 40 is preferably formed of a cross-linkable silicone composition, for example, an organopolysiloxane such as RTV, which is applied as a liquid layer to either firstbipolar plate surface 30 orfirst edge portion 12 ofmembrane 14, preferably toplate surface 30, and then cross-linked as by atmospheric moisture and/or incorporated activator to form a thin non-fluid elastomeric layer. The low viscosity fluid composition flows into microscopic pores and depressions in the surface to which it is applied, thereby sealing against later gas leakage therethrough. In compression during assembly of a fuel cell stack, the seal element readily deforms, without flowing, to accommodate similar non-uniformities in the opposing surface against which it is urged. - A typical RTV composition is Dow Corning3140 thinned as required using Dow Corning OS-30 methylsiloxane fluid in proportions known in the art without undue experimentations.
- A preferred method for applying a thin film of the composition is screen printing, by which means complex patterns of the seal are readily provided as may be needed to accommodate complex sealing surfaces of fuel cell elements. Screen printing is well known and need not be further elaborated here. Other methods of application, for example, roller application, are of course within the scope of the invention.
-
Seal element 40 is preferably relatively thin, on the order of 0.005 inch or less, and preferably between about 0.001 inch and about 0.003 inch, and is readily formed in a single printing pass. - Referring to FIG. 3, in a currently preferred
second embodiment 10″,prior art gasket 22 and groove 24 (FIG. 1) are eliminated frommembrane seal 38′ and are replaced by asecond seal element 40′, which may be composed essentially identically withfirst seal element 40, and coated to eithersecond edge portion 42 ofmembrane 14 orbipolar plate surface 44 ofanode side 20, as described above. - Of course, fuel cells of either
embodiments 10′, 10″ may be stacked together to form fuel cell stacks or assemblies, as known in the art. - While the invention has been described by reference to various specific embodiments, it should be understood that numerous changes may be made within the spirit and scope of the inventive concepts described. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the described embodiments, but will have full scope defined by the language of the following claims.
Claims (13)
1. A membrane seal for bipolar plates in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, comprising a first seal element disposed against a first edge portion of a membrane between said membrane and a first bipolar plate surface, wherein said seal element is formed as an elastomeric layer.
2. A membrane seal in accordance with claim 1 wherein said first seal element is formed as a layer of low viscosity fluid composition coated on one of said first edge portion and said first bipolar plate surface.
3. A membrane seal in accordance with claim 2 wherein said composition includes an organopolysiloxane.
4. A membrane seal in accordance with claim 2 wherein said composition is applied to said one of said first edge portion and said first bipolar plate surface by screen printing.
5. A membrane seal in accordance with claim 1 wherein said first seal element is formed as a cross-linked polymer.
6. A membrane seal in accordance with claim 1 wherein a thickness of said first seal element is between about 0.001 inch and about 0.005 inch.
7. A fuel cell module including a proton exchange membrane and a first bipolar plate, the module comprising an elastomeric first seal element disposed against a first edge portion of said membrane between said membrane and said first bipolar plate.
8. A fuel cell module in accordance with claim 7 wherein said first seal element includes an organopolysiloxane.
9. A fuel cell module in accordance with claim 7 wherein a thickness of said first seal element is between about 0.001 inch and about 0.005 inch.
10. A fuel cell module in accordance with claim 7 including a second bipolar plate, the module comprising an elastomeric second seal element disposed against a second edge portion of said membrane between said membrane and said second bipolar plate.
11. A fuel cell assembly comprising a plurality of fuel cell modules, wherein at least one of said modules includes a proton exchange membrane and a bipolar plate and an elastomeric seal element disposed against an edge portion of said membrane between said membrane and said bipolar plate.
12. A fuel cell assembly in accordance with claim 11 wherein said elastomeric seal element is formed from a composition containing an organopolysiloxane.
13. A fuel cell assembly in accordance with claim 11 wherein a thickness of said seal element is between about 0.001 inch and about 0.005 inch.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/305,612 US20040101735A1 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2002-11-27 | Silicone seal for bipolar plates in a PEM fuel cell |
EP03078509A EP1453120A3 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2003-11-06 | Silicone seal for bipolar plates in a pem fuel cell |
US10/877,656 US7686854B2 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2004-06-25 | Silicone seal for bipolar plates in a PEM fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/305,612 US20040101735A1 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2002-11-27 | Silicone seal for bipolar plates in a PEM fuel cell |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/877,656 Continuation US7686854B2 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2004-06-25 | Silicone seal for bipolar plates in a PEM fuel cell |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040101735A1 true US20040101735A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
Family
ID=32325470
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/305,612 Abandoned US20040101735A1 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2002-11-27 | Silicone seal for bipolar plates in a PEM fuel cell |
US10/877,656 Expired - Fee Related US7686854B2 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2004-06-25 | Silicone seal for bipolar plates in a PEM fuel cell |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/877,656 Expired - Fee Related US7686854B2 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2004-06-25 | Silicone seal for bipolar plates in a PEM fuel cell |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20040101735A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1453120A3 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040038109A1 (en) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-02-26 | Bernacki John E. | Apparatus for electrically insulating bipolar plates in fuel cell stack |
US20050112442A1 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2005-05-26 | Wells Allan R. | PEM fuel cell assembly formed of modular sub-assemblies |
WO2010080450A1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-07-15 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Seal for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
EP2463944A1 (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2012-06-13 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell and method for manufacturing same |
WO2022067144A1 (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-03-31 | Hyzon Motors Inc. | Production method used for single cell components sealing |
EP4203117A1 (en) | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-28 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Seal for electrochemical reactor and method for manufacturing same |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007024959A1 (en) | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-04 | Linde Medical Devices Gmbh | Seal for electrode of e.g. fuel cell, has electrode with expanded material, which is completely surrounded by sealing material in electrode sealing area, where sealing material forms flat sealing surfaces at side surfaces of electrode |
US8822100B2 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2014-09-02 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method of controlling thickness of form-in-place sealing for PEM fuel cell stacks |
FR3045949A1 (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2017-06-23 | Michelin & Cie | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING FUEL CELL WITH SERIGRAPHY SEAL |
WO2023172392A1 (en) | 2022-03-11 | 2023-09-14 | Illuming Power Inc. | Method for manufacturing fuel cell separator with integrated elastomer seal |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020055027A1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-05-09 | Masajirou Inoue | Sealing structure for fuel cell |
US6451469B1 (en) * | 1999-07-26 | 2002-09-17 | Tigers Polymer Corporation | Sealing structure of fuel cell and process for molding rubber packing |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6706436B2 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2004-03-16 | Proton Energy Systems, Inc. | Electrochemical cell design using a bipolar plate |
US20020022170A1 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-21 | Franklin Jerrold E. | Integrated and modular BSP/MEA/manifold plates for fuel cells |
US6730426B2 (en) * | 2001-01-12 | 2004-05-04 | Mosaic Energy, Llc | Integral sealing method for fuel cell separator plates |
US6852439B2 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2005-02-08 | Hydrogenics Corporation | Apparatus for and method of forming seals in fuel cells and fuel cell stacks |
-
2002
- 2002-11-27 US US10/305,612 patent/US20040101735A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2003
- 2003-11-06 EP EP03078509A patent/EP1453120A3/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-06-25 US US10/877,656 patent/US7686854B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6451469B1 (en) * | 1999-07-26 | 2002-09-17 | Tigers Polymer Corporation | Sealing structure of fuel cell and process for molding rubber packing |
US20020055027A1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-05-09 | Masajirou Inoue | Sealing structure for fuel cell |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040038109A1 (en) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-02-26 | Bernacki John E. | Apparatus for electrically insulating bipolar plates in fuel cell stack |
US20050112442A1 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2005-05-26 | Wells Allan R. | PEM fuel cell assembly formed of modular sub-assemblies |
US7595126B2 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2009-09-29 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | PEM fuel cell assembly formed of modular sub-assemblies |
US9240598B2 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2016-01-19 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Seal for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
US8828617B2 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2014-09-09 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Seal for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
KR101500311B1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2015-03-17 | 발라드 파워 시스템즈 인크. | Seal for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
WO2010080450A1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-07-15 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Seal for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
EP2463944A1 (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2012-06-13 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell and method for manufacturing same |
EP2463944A4 (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2014-01-08 | Nissan Motor | Fuel cell and method for manufacturing same |
US8722277B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2014-05-13 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell and method for manufacturing same |
WO2022067144A1 (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-03-31 | Hyzon Motors Inc. | Production method used for single cell components sealing |
US11757108B2 (en) | 2020-09-28 | 2023-09-12 | Hyzon Motors Inc. | Production method used for single cell components sealing |
EP4203117A1 (en) | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-28 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Seal for electrochemical reactor and method for manufacturing same |
FR3131460A1 (en) | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-30 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Gasket for electrochemical reactor and associated method of manufacture |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1453120A3 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
US20040231142A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
US7686854B2 (en) | 2010-03-30 |
EP1453120A2 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DELPHI TECHNOLOGIES, INC., MICHIGAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WELLS, ALAN R.;DEANGELIS, GARY J.;WILLIAMS, ARTHUR R,;REEL/FRAME:013550/0369 Effective date: 20021126 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |