US20040088909A1 - Fuel compositions with diethyl succinate and method of use thereof - Google Patents
Fuel compositions with diethyl succinate and method of use thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040088909A1 US20040088909A1 US10/292,123 US29212302A US2004088909A1 US 20040088909 A1 US20040088909 A1 US 20040088909A1 US 29212302 A US29212302 A US 29212302A US 2004088909 A1 US2004088909 A1 US 2004088909A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- diethyl succinate
- diesel
- composition
- percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- DKMROQRQHGEIOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl succinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC DKMROQRQHGEIOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002688 maleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003254 gasoline additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 glycol ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
- C10L1/1905—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
Definitions
- the present invention relates to fuel compositions containing diethyl succinate as a primary additive to oxygenate the fuel and reduce particulate emissions.
- the present invention relates to diesel fuel compositions.
- Diesel fuels are a significant contribution to pollution. This is shown by U.S. News & World Report for Nov. 4, 2002, page 63. The problem then is to reduce the particulates from diesel fuels.
- Methanol and ethanol are excellent gasoline additives, but are not miscible with diesel fuel and emulsifiers and ignition improvers need to be added which increase the cost. Methanol is also both more toxic and corrosive than ethanol. Rapeseed methylesters (biodiesel) are of significant interest because they are non-toxic and with small engine modifications they can be used in existing diesel motors.
- DME dimethyl ether
- Natural gas can on a long-term perspective be a cost effective alternative to diesel, but natural gas is a fossil fuel and therefore not a renewable resource based alternative.
- the present invention relates to a composition which comprises: a liquid hydrocarbon fuel; and between 0.1 and 30 percent by weight of diethyl succinate as a primary organic oxygenation source for the fuel.
- the fuel is preferably diesel fuel; however, it could be gasoline or other alternative hydrocarbon fuels.
- the diethyl succinate is preferably 5 to 10 percent by weight of the fuel.
- the fuel is preferably substantially free of contaminants which cause pollution.
- the composition preferably contains only the diethyl succinate as the additive.
- the present invention also relates to a method for increasing combustion in an internal combustion engine of a fuel to water and carbon dioxide, and reducing particulates from the combustion, which comprises: providing a composition which comprises: a liquid hydrocarbon as the fuel and between 0.1 and 30 percent by weight of diethyl succinate as a primary organic oxygenation source to run the engine so as to increase the combustion and reduce the particulates from the combustion.
- the term “primary” is intended to mean more than 50% and preferably more than 80% of the oxgenation source for the fuel is diethyl succinate.
- FIG. 1 is a distribution graph showing concentration of particles versus diameter without diethyl succinate.
- FIG. 2 is a distribution graph showing concentration of particles versus diameter with 5 percent by weight diethyl succinate.
- DES Diethyl succinate
- MK 1 Diethyl succinate
- FIG. 2 also shows the displacement in the particle size distribution by addition of DES to MK 1 , from accumulation (larger particle) mode to a significantly increased amount in nuclei (fine particles) mode).
- the total concentrate of particles was 72.2 ( ⁇ g/m 3 ) with blending of 5% diethyl succinate in MK 1 with 1100 rpm and 10% of maximum load.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
Fuel compositions comprising primarily diethyl succinate as an oxygenation additive are described. The fuels can be diesel fuels which generate carbon based particulates in diesel engines. The result is reduced emissions of particulates from the diesel engines.
Description
- (1) Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to fuel compositions containing diethyl succinate as a primary additive to oxygenate the fuel and reduce particulate emissions. In particular, the present invention relates to diesel fuel compositions.
- (2) Description of Related Art
- Diesel fuels are a significant contribution to pollution. This is shown by U.S. News & World Report for Nov. 4, 2002, page 63. The problem then is to reduce the particulates from diesel fuels.
- In a number of studies the correlation between properties of diesel fuels and emission has been investigated. Most of current additive candidates are ethers, esters or alcohols, but even glycols, carbonates and acetates have been considered. In 1995 Kazushi Tsurutani et al (SAE Paper 952349) examined 11 different oxygenates demonstrated that oxygenates considerably reduce the amount of particles (PM), measured in g/k Wh, but that the effect on NOX was nonexistent or very small. The observed effect was more related to the total oxygen content in the fuel after the additive was combined with the fuel, rather than the structure of the molecule. Noboru Miyamoto et al (SAE Paper 962115 (1996)) showed that the reduction of smoke and particle emissions were proportional (linear) to the oxygen concentration in the fuel despite the additive. A general conclusion would be that all oxygenates reduce smoke and particle emission without influencing NOX, a certain reduction of total carbon (THC) and CO was also seen.
- Matthew Stoner and Thomas Litzinger (SAE Paper 1999-01-1475 (1999)) conducted a test to see how structure and boiling point of maleated glycol ethers affects the emissions. They suspected a connection between molecular structure and the amount of the reduced particle amount. They found that both kinds of oxygenate reduce emission of NOX and soot, but the maleates seems more effective. The maleates also reduced emissions of NOX because a delay of SOC (Start of Combustion). No connection between boiling point and effects on the emission could be detected. In a later study it was shown again that the molecule structure has an influence on the reduction of soot emissions. It was also confirmed that the ignition delay increased slightly and hence the NOX emission was reduced.
- Methanol and ethanol are excellent gasoline additives, but are not miscible with diesel fuel and emulsifiers and ignition improvers need to be added which increase the cost. Methanol is also both more toxic and corrosive than ethanol. Rapeseed methylesters (biodiesel) are of significant interest because they are non-toxic and with small engine modifications they can be used in existing diesel motors.
- A number of alternative fuels that are advocated today have disadvantages because they are expensive. DME (dimethyl ether) has for example good emission properties, works well in a converted diesel motor and is easy to ignite and is a gas non-miscible with diesel fuel.
- Natural gas can on a long-term perspective be a cost effective alternative to diesel, but natural gas is a fossil fuel and therefore not a renewable resource based alternative.
- Relevant patents are U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,268,008 to Kanne; 5,752,989 to Henly et al; 6,458,173 B1 to Lin and U.S. Pat. No. 6,468,319 B1 to Yeh et al. The trend of the patent art is towards high molecular weight additives having a molecular weight greater than or equal to 200, presumably to obtain the necessary solubility and reduced volatility in diesel or other fuels. There is a need for a less expensive additive for internal combustion engines which is readily available and which in particular can be produced from “green” or natural source precursor compounds. To summarize, it can be concluded that there still is a need to find the optimal additive for internal combustion engine fuels.
- It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide novel internal combustion engine fuel compositions incorporating a low molecular weight additive which is miscible with the fuel. Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide compositions which are easily prepared, are economical and can be prepared from natural source precursor compounds. These and other objects will become increasingly apparent by reference to the following description and the drawings.
- The present invention relates to a composition which comprises: a liquid hydrocarbon fuel; and between 0.1 and 30 percent by weight of diethyl succinate as a primary organic oxygenation source for the fuel. The fuel is preferably diesel fuel; however, it could be gasoline or other alternative hydrocarbon fuels. The diethyl succinate is preferably 5 to 10 percent by weight of the fuel. The fuel is preferably substantially free of contaminants which cause pollution. The composition preferably contains only the diethyl succinate as the additive.
- The present invention also relates to a method for increasing combustion in an internal combustion engine of a fuel to water and carbon dioxide, and reducing particulates from the combustion, which comprises: providing a composition which comprises: a liquid hydrocarbon as the fuel and between 0.1 and 30 percent by weight of diethyl succinate as a primary organic oxygenation source to run the engine so as to increase the combustion and reduce the particulates from the combustion.
- The term “primary” is intended to mean more than 50% and preferably more than 80% of the oxgenation source for the fuel is diethyl succinate.
- FIG. 1 is a distribution graph showing concentration of particles versus diameter without diethyl succinate.
- FIG. 2 is a distribution graph showing concentration of particles versus diameter with 5 percent by weight diethyl succinate.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,468,319 B1 which is incorporated by reference contains a detailed description of the various oxygenation secondary additives which can be used with diethyl succinate as well as a discussion of the art of testing oxygenates. The other patents discussed previously are also incorporated by reference showing secondary oxygenation additives.
- Diethyl succinate (DES) was tested as an additive in diesel fuel. DES fulfils properties that are required for an additive: renewable, non-toxic, inexpensive and miscible with diesel fuel. The tests were performed and show a 20% reduction of the particle emission, using 5% DES in MK 1, as shown by comparison of FIG. 1 with FIG. 2. FIG. 2 also shows the displacement in the particle size distribution by addition of DES to MK 1, from accumulation (larger particle) mode to a significantly increased amount in nuclei (fine particles) mode). In FIG. 1, the total concentrates particles 85.1 (μg/m3) in MK 1 with 1100 rpm and 10% of maximum load. In FIG. 2, the total concentrate of particles was 72.2 (μg/m3) with blending of 5% diethyl succinate in MK 1 with 1100 rpm and 10% of maximum load.
- There are numerous published sources of diesel fuel compositions. One is shown at lubrizol.com/ReadyReference. The present invention can reduce particulates in any of the diesel fuels sold worldwide in the same manner as Example 1.
- It is intended that the foregoing description be only illustrative of the present invention and that the present invention be limited only by the hereinafter appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A composition which comprises:
(a) a liquid hydrocarbon fuel; and
(b) between 0.1 and 30 percent by weight of diethyl succinate as a primary organic oxygenation source for the fuel.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the fuel is diesel fuel.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the diethyl succinate is 5 to 10 percent by weight of the fuel.
4. The composition of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the fuel is substantially free of contaminants which cause pollution.
5. A method for increasing combustion of a fuel to water and carbon dioxide, and reducing particulates from the combustion, which comprises:
providing a composition which comprises a liquid hydrocarbon as the fuel and between 0.1 and 30 percent by weight of diethyl succinate as a primary organic oxygenation source to run the engine so as to increase the combustion and reduce the particulates from the combustion.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the fuel is diesel fuel.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the diesel fuel is 5 to 10 percent by weight of the fuel.
8. The method of any one of claims 5, 6 or 7 wherein the fuel is substantially free of contaminants which cause pollution.
9. The composition of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the diethyl succinate is the sole organic oxygenation source for the fuel.
10. The method of any one of clams 5, 6 or 7 wherein the diethyl succinate is the sole organic oxygenation source for the fuel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/292,123 US20040088909A1 (en) | 2002-11-12 | 2002-11-12 | Fuel compositions with diethyl succinate and method of use thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/292,123 US20040088909A1 (en) | 2002-11-12 | 2002-11-12 | Fuel compositions with diethyl succinate and method of use thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20040088909A1 true US20040088909A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
Family
ID=32229379
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/292,123 Abandoned US20040088909A1 (en) | 2002-11-12 | 2002-11-12 | Fuel compositions with diethyl succinate and method of use thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040088909A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008043086A2 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-10 | Diversified Natural Products, Inc. | Fuel compositions and methods |
| US20090090048A1 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-09 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Fuel compositions with mono- or di- butyl succinate and method of use thereof |
| US20110203165A1 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2011-08-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Enhanced biodiesel fuel having improved low-temperature properties and methods of making same |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3879176A (en) * | 1970-12-11 | 1975-04-22 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | Liquefied petroleum gas compositions |
| US5268008A (en) * | 1982-12-27 | 1993-12-07 | Union Oil Company Of California | Hydrocarbon fuel composition |
| US5752989A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 1998-05-19 | Ethyl Corporation | Diesel fuel and dispersant compositions and methods for making and using same |
| US20020023384A1 (en) * | 2000-08-04 | 2002-02-28 | Yoshiro Hamada | Low pollution fuel |
| US6458173B1 (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2002-10-01 | Infineum International Ltd. | Fuel additive and fuel composition containing the same |
| US6468319B1 (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2002-10-22 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Co. | Diesel fuel containing ester to reduce emissions |
| US6468318B1 (en) * | 2000-01-25 | 2002-10-22 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Case partition design for continuous plate strap batteries |
| US6783561B2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2004-08-31 | The University Of Chicago | Method to improve lubricity of low-sulfur diesel and gasoline fuels |
-
2002
- 2002-11-12 US US10/292,123 patent/US20040088909A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3879176A (en) * | 1970-12-11 | 1975-04-22 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | Liquefied petroleum gas compositions |
| US5268008A (en) * | 1982-12-27 | 1993-12-07 | Union Oil Company Of California | Hydrocarbon fuel composition |
| US5752989A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 1998-05-19 | Ethyl Corporation | Diesel fuel and dispersant compositions and methods for making and using same |
| US6458173B1 (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2002-10-01 | Infineum International Ltd. | Fuel additive and fuel composition containing the same |
| US6468319B1 (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2002-10-22 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Co. | Diesel fuel containing ester to reduce emissions |
| US6468318B1 (en) * | 2000-01-25 | 2002-10-22 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Case partition design for continuous plate strap batteries |
| US20020023384A1 (en) * | 2000-08-04 | 2002-02-28 | Yoshiro Hamada | Low pollution fuel |
| US6783561B2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2004-08-31 | The University Of Chicago | Method to improve lubricity of low-sulfur diesel and gasoline fuels |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008043086A2 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-10 | Diversified Natural Products, Inc. | Fuel compositions and methods |
| WO2008043086A3 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-06-12 | Diversified Natural Products I | Fuel compositions and methods |
| US20090090048A1 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-09 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Fuel compositions with mono- or di- butyl succinate and method of use thereof |
| US20110203165A1 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2011-08-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Enhanced biodiesel fuel having improved low-temperature properties and methods of making same |
| US8147567B2 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2012-04-03 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Enhanced biodiesel fuel having improved low-temperature properties and methods of making same |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |