US20040044088A1 - Aqueous rare earth phosphate collidal dispersion and preparation method - Google Patents

Aqueous rare earth phosphate collidal dispersion and preparation method Download PDF

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US20040044088A1
US20040044088A1 US10/433,762 US43376203A US2004044088A1 US 20040044088 A1 US20040044088 A1 US 20040044088A1 US 43376203 A US43376203 A US 43376203A US 2004044088 A1 US2004044088 A1 US 2004044088A1
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rare earth
phosphate
complexing agent
dispersion
anion
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Jean-Yves Chane-Ching
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Rhodia Electronics and Catalysis SAS
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Rhodia Electronics and Catalysis SAS
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Assigned to RHODIA ELECTRONICS & CATALYSIS reassignment RHODIA ELECTRONICS & CATALYSIS ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHANE-CHING, JEAN-YVES
Publication of US20040044088A1 publication Critical patent/US20040044088A1/en
Priority to US11/728,657 priority Critical patent/US7569613B2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/0004—Preparation of sols
    • B01J13/0008—Sols of inorganic materials in water
    • B01J13/0013—Sols of inorganic materials in water from a precipitate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an aqueous colloidal dispersion of a rare earth phosphate, and to a process for its preparation.
  • luminophores are required to be in the form of very fine particles that are distinct and as separate as possible.
  • Sols or colloidal dispersions can constitute an advantageous route to such products.
  • the present invention aims to provide a sol that can in particular be used in the fields of luminescence and electronics from which fine, properly disaggregated products can be obtained.
  • the dispersion of the invention is an aqueous colloidal dispersion of isotropic particles of a phosphate of at least one rare earth and is characterized in that it comprises either a complexing agent with a pK (cologarithm of the dissociation constant of the complex formed by the complexing agent and said rare earth) of more than 2.5; or an anion of a monobasic acid, soluble in water and with a pKa in the range 2.5 to 5; or said complexing agent or said anion as a mixture, and in which the degree of colloidal agglomeration is less than 40%, more particularly less than 10%.
  • a complexing agent with a pK colongarithm of the dissociation constant of the complex formed by the complexing agent and said rare earth
  • the dispersion of the invention is an aqueous colloidal dispersion of isotropic particles of a phosphate of at least one rare earth and is characterized in that it comprises either a complexing agent with a pK (cologarithm of the dissociation constant of the complex formed by the complexing agent and said rare earth) of more than 2.5; or an anion of a monobasic acid, soluble in water and with a pKa in the range 2.5 to 5; or said complexing agent or said anion as a mixture, with the exception of dispersions of cerium phosphate, lanthanum phosphate or cerium and lanthanum phosphate.
  • a complexing agent with a pK colongarithm of the dissociation constant of the complex formed by the complexing agent and said rare earth
  • the dispersion is an aqueous colloidal dispersion of isotropic particles of a phosphate of cerium and/or lanthanum and is characterized in that it comprises either a complexing agent with a pK (cologarithm of the dissociation constant of the complex formed by the complexing agent and said rare earth) of more than 2.5; or an anion of a monobasic acid, soluble in water and with a pKa in the range 2.5 to 5; or said complexing agent or said anion as a mixture, and in that the mean particle size is at most 20 nm.
  • a complexing agent with a pK colongarithm of the dissociation constant of the complex formed by the complexing agent and said rare earth
  • the size of the particles of the dispersion of the invention can be of the order of a few nanometers, with a homogeneous, distinct and separated morphology, rendering the dispersion particularly useful for applications employing luminophores.
  • rare earth as used in the description means elements from the group formed by yttrium and elements from the periodic table with an atomic number in the range 57 to 71 inclusive.
  • the invention is applicable to dispersions or sols of particles of a phosphate of one or more rare earths.
  • the expression “colloidal dispersion” or “sol” of a rare earth phosphate means any system constituted by fine solid particles of colloidal dimensions generally based on a rare earth phosphate as defined above, which may be hydrated, and in suspension in an aqueous liquid phase. These particles can also contain a certain quantity of a complexing agent or an anion of the monobasic acid defined above.
  • the rare earth can either be completely in the form of colloids, or simultaneously in the form of ions, complexed ions and colloids.
  • at least 80% of the rare earth is in the colloidal form.
  • the aqueous liquid phase can also comprise the complexing agent or monobasic acid or the anion of this acid, the anions defined above of the rare earth salts and vanadate ions or phospho-vanadate ions in various forms.
  • complexing agent means a compound or molecule that can establish a covalent or iono-covalent bond with the rare earth cation.
  • Suitable complexing agents for use in the present invention are complexing agents with a high complex dissociation constant Ks, the complex considered here being the complex formed by the complexing agent and the rare earth cation.
  • Ln designates a rare earth
  • I the complexing agent and I ⁇ the complexing anion, x being equal to 1, 2 or 3 depending on the ionisation state of the complex.
  • Ks [Ln 3+ ] ⁇ [I x ]/[(Ln,I) (3 ⁇ x)+ ]
  • the pK is the cologarithm of Ks.
  • the more stable the complex (Ln,I) (3 ⁇ x)+ the higher the value of pK.
  • Suitable complexing agents for use in the context of the present invention are those with a pK of more than 2.5, preferably at least 3.
  • the complexing agent can in particular be selected from acid-alcohols or polyacid alcohols or their salts.
  • acid-alcohols examples include glycolic acid or lactic acid.
  • Malic acid and citric acid are examples of polyacid-alcohols.
  • the complexing agent can also be selected from aliphatic amino acids, preferably aliphatic amino polyacids, or salts thereof.
  • aliphatic amino acids preferably aliphatic amino polyacids, or salts thereof.
  • examples of such a complexing agent are ethylene-diamino-tetraacetic acid or nitrilo-triacetic acid, or the sodium salt of N,N-diacetic glutamic acid with formula (NaCOO ⁇ )CH 2 CH 2 —CH(COONa)N(CH 2 COO ⁇ Na) 2 .
  • polyacrylic acids and their salts such as sodium polyacrylate, more particularly those with a mass average molecular weight in the range 2000 to 5000.
  • the complexing agent can be either in the acid or in the ionised form.
  • one or more complexing agents can be present in the same dispersion.
  • the dispersion can also comprise the anion of a monobasic acid, soluble in water and with a pKa in the range 2.5 to 5.
  • This acid can in particular be formic acid, propionic acid or monochloroacetic acid. More particularly, it can be acetic acid.
  • a plurality of monobasic acid anions can be present in the same dispersion.
  • the complexing agent and the above anion can be present in the dispersion as a mixture.
  • the amount of complexing agent and/or monobasic acid anion expressed as the number of moles of complexing agent or monobasic acid anion with respect to the number of atoms of rare earth, can in particular be between 0.01 and 0,25, more particularly between 0.05 and 0.21. This amount is determined by chemical assay of the carbon and the rare earth in colloids recovered after ultracentrifuging at 50000 rpm for 6 hours. Such an amount is applicable to the sum of the complexing agents or anions if the dispersion contains a plurality of complexing agents or anions.
  • the dispersions of the invention are nanometric in type. This means dispersions in which the colloidal size is generally at most about 250 nm, in particular at most 100 nm, preferably at most 20 nm and more particularly at most 10 nm.
  • the colloidal particle size can in particular be in the range from about 3 nm to about 10 nm.
  • the colloids of the dispersions of the invention are slightly agglomerated or not agglomerated at all.
  • Transmission electron cryomicroscopic analysis on frozen samples show a low degree of colloid agglomeration of, for example, less than 40%, more particularly less than 10%, preferably less than 5% in number, i.e., for the set of articles or particles observed, at least 60%, more particularly 90% and still more particularly at least 95% is constituted by a single crystallite.
  • colloidal particles are isotropic or substantially isotropic as regards their morphology. Their shape is close to that of a sphere (completely isotropic morphology) as opposed to particles in the acicular or platelet form.
  • the particles can have a L/I ratio of at most 5, preferably at most 4 and more particularly at most 3, L representing the longest dimension of the particle and L representing the smallest dimension.
  • the present invention is of particular application to the case in which the rare earth is lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, gadolinium or yttrium. It is also of particular application to colloidal dispersions of ternary phosphates of lanthanum, cerium and terbium. Regarding these ternary phosphates, more particular mention can be made of those with formula La x Ce y Tb 1 ⁇ x ⁇ y PO 4 in which x is between 0.4 and 0.7 inclusive and x+y is more than 0.7. The invention is also applicable to mixed phosphates of lanthanum and europium or of lanthanum and thulium or lanthanum, thulium and gadolinium.
  • the amount of thulium expressed as the atomic % with respect to lanthanum, can be in the range 0.1 to 10, more particularly in the range 0.5 to 5, and for those containing gadolinium, the amount of this latter element, expressed as the atomic % with respect to lanthanum, can be in the range 10% to 40%, for example.
  • the concentrations of the dispersions of the invention are generally at least 15 g/l, in particular at least 20 g/l and more particularly at least 50 g/l, the concentrations being expressed as the equivalent concentration of rare earth oxide.
  • the concentration is determined after drying and calcining a given volume of dispersion in air.
  • the process is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • the process is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • the starting product for the process in any variation is a colloidal dispersion of at least one rare earth compound which also comprises the complexing agent and/or said monobasic acid anion.
  • This starting colloidal dispersion may have been obtained using any known means. Particular reference can be made to the processes described in European patent applications EP-A-0 206 906, EP-A-0 208 581, EP-A-0 316 205 which concern cerium-based dispersions. More particularly, it is possible to use colloidal dispersions obtained by thermohydrolysis of an aqueous solution of a cerium IV salt such as a nitrate, in particular in an acid medium. Such a process has been described in European patent application EP-A-0 239 477 or EP-A-0 208 580. Reference can also be made to European patent application EP-A-0 308 311, which concerns dispersions of trivalent rare earths, in particular yttrium.
  • the complexing agent and/or said monobasic acid anion is added to the dispersions obtained as described in those applications.
  • the rare earth is present in the form of an oxide and/or a hydrated oxide (hydroxide).
  • This colloidal dispersion can be prepared by forming an aqueous mixture comprising at least one rare earth salt and either said complexing agent or a monobasic acid, soluble in water and with a pKa in the range 2.5 to 5, or a mixture of complexing agent and monobasic acid; and by adding a base to the mixture formed.
  • the rare earth salts can be salts of inorganic acids or organic acids, for example of the sulphate, nitrate, chloride or acetate type. It should be noted that the nitrate and the acetate are particularly suitable. More particularly, the cerium salts can be cerium III acetate, cerium III chloride or cerium III nitrate or cerium IV nitrate and mixtures of these salts such as acetate/chloride mixtures.
  • the concentration of acid used is not critical and can thus be used in the diluted form, for example 1N, or more concentrated.
  • the base can be a product of the hydroxide type.
  • Alkaline or alkaline-earth hydroxides and ammonia can be cited. It is also possible to use secondary, tertiary or quaternary amines. However, the amines and ammonia may be preferred since they reduce the risks of pollution by alkaline or alkaline-earth cations.
  • the base is added until a pH is reached the value of which depends on the nature of the rare earth and the nature and quantity of complexing agent. Note that the higher the complexing agent content, the lower the pH. In general, base is added until a pH is reached at which the precipitate formed in the first part of the base-addition step is observed to start dissolving.
  • phosphate ions are brought into contact with the starting colloidal dispersion.
  • the phosphate ions can be provided by means of pure compounds or compounds in solution, such as phosphoric acid, and phosphates of alkalis or other metallic elements. In this regard, sodium mono- or di-hydrogen phosphate should be mentioned.
  • the phosphate ions are preferably added in the form of a solution of an ammonium phosphate which can, more particularly, be diammonium or monoammonium phosphate.
  • the next step of the process consists of heating the mixture obtained at the end of the preceding step.
  • the heating temperature is at least 60° C., preferably at least 100° C., and it can rise to the critical temperature of the reaction medium. By way of example, it can be in the range 90° C. to 180° C.
  • this heating or heat treatment can be carried out either under normal atmospheric pressure or at a pressure such as the saturated vapour pressure correspond to the temperature of the heat treatment.
  • the temperature of this treatment is selected so as to be higher than the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture (i.e., generally, more than 100° C.)
  • the operation is carried out by introducing the aqueous mixture into a closed vessel (closed reactor, usually termed an autoclave), the necessary pressure then results simply from heating the reaction medium (autogenous pressure).
  • a closed vessel closed reactor, usually termed an autoclave
  • pressure in the closed reactor is in the range from a value of more than 1 bar (10 5 Pa) to 165 bars (165 ⁇ 10 5 Pa), preferably in the range 1 bar (5 ⁇ 10 5 Pa) to 20 bars (100 ⁇ 10 5 Pa).
  • a value of more than 1 bar (10 5 Pa) to 165 bars (165 ⁇ 10 5 Pa) preferably in the range 1 bar (5 ⁇ 10 5 Pa) to 20 bars (100 ⁇ 10 5 Pa).
  • Heating can be carried out either in an atmosphere of air, or in an inert gas atmosphere, preferably nitrogen if that is the case.
  • the treatment period is not critical, and can vary between wide limits, for example 1 to 48 hours, preferably 2 to 24 hours.
  • the precipitate or gel obtained can be separated from the reaction medium using any suitable means, in particular filtering.
  • the product is then taken up into dispersion in water and the dispersion or sol of the rare earth phosphate of the invention is then obtained.
  • the precipitate from the reaction is washed. Washing can be carried out by adding water to the precipitate then, after stirring, separating the solid from the liquid medium, for example by ultracentrifuging. This operation can be repeated a number of times if required.
  • the dispersion obtained after adding water to form a suspension can be further purified and/or concentrated by ultrafiltration.
  • an acid or a rare earth salt or both (acid and salt) to the precipitate on taking it up into suspension in water, the rare earth being the same as that of the dispersion.
  • addition may be successive. It may be an acid such as nitric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, citric acid, or an acetate in the case of a rare earth salt. This addition is carried out with stirring, optionally with heat. It can be matured for a period in the range from 15 minutes to 1 hour.
  • This second variation differs from the first variation in that the phosphate ions are at least partially provided in the form of an alkaline tripolyphosphate, for example sodium tripolyphosphate (Na 5 P 3 O 10 ). More particularly, it is possible to use a mixture of an alkaline tripolyphosphate and ammonium phosphate.
  • the number of moles of alkaline tripolyphosphate with respect to the total number of moles of phosphating agent can, for example, be in the range 25% to 75%.
  • a heating step is then carried out that is identical to that described for the first variation.
  • This dispersion can also be treated by ultrafiltration.
  • the dispersion can be washed by separating the solid particles by ultracentrifuging then re-dispersing them in water and repeating the operation.
  • the dispersions of the invention can be used in a number of applications. Catalysis can in particular be mentioned.
  • the dispersions can also be used for lubrication and in ceramics. Further, these dispersions can form part of the composition of suspensions for polishing.
  • These suspensions can be used for polishing glass, for example in glass making, glazing, plate glass, television screens, spectacles, or for polishing ceramic substances or other vitreous ceramics. More particularly, these suspensions can also be used for CMP type polishing in the electronics industry. In this case, they are particularly suitable for polishing metallic substrates used in constituting microprocessors, these substrates possibly being formed from copper, aluminium, titanium nitride or tungsten.
  • these dispersions are particularly suitable for use in preparing luminophore compounds or in manufacturing luminescent devices, of the field effect display, plasma system or mercury vapour type, for example.
  • Luminophores used in manufacturing such devices are employed in known techniques, for example serigraphy, electrophoresis or sedimentation.
  • This example concerns the preparation of a colloidal dispersion of LaPO 4 .
  • a solution of ammonium phosphate was prepared by adding 9.75 g of (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , and made up to 150 cm 3 with demineralised water.
  • the residue was made up to 100 cm 3 with demineralised water.
  • Transmission cryo-microscopy showed the presence of nanoparticles with an isotropic morphology with a size of about 3 to 5 nm.
  • LaPO 4 assay was carried out by loss on ignition: it was oven heated to 80° C. for 16 hours, then calcined at 900° C. for 2 hours. The dispersion was assayed at 1.3%, corresponding to a concentration of 0.055 M/l of LaPO 4 .
  • the chemical composition of the colloids was determined by chemical assay after recovering them by ultracentrifuging at 50000 rpm for 6 hours. The residue was dried at ambient temperature.
  • the percentage by weight of carbon was 2.15%, defining a C/La atomic ratio of 0.5 and a citrate/La mole ratio of 0.08.
  • This example concerns the preparation of a colloidal dispersion of LaPO 4 .
  • a phosphating mixture was then prepared containing sodium tripolyphosphate and diammonium phosphate in a NaTPP:(NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 mole ratio of 50:50.
  • This mixture was prepared by adding 3.78 g of sodium tripolyphosphate NaTPP with 7.82 M/kg of P to 3.908 g of (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 in a beaker and making up to 150 ml with demineralised water.
  • the phosphate solution was added all at once to the lanthanum dispersion prepared above at ambient temperature.
  • the P/La mole ratio was 0.8.
  • the pH was 8.7 after stirring for 15 min.
  • the colloidal dispersion was washed by ultrafiltering through 3 kD membranes. 200 cm 3 of demineralised water was added to 100 cm 3 of the dispersion from the heat treatment. It was ultrafiltered to a volume of 100 cm 3 and a further 200 cm 3 of demineralised water was added. It was ultrafiltered again to a final volume of 100 cm 3 . Thus, the dispersion had been washed with 4 times its volume of water.
  • This example concerns the preparation of a colloidal dispersion of LaCeThPO 4 .
  • a solution of ammonium phosphate was obtained by adding 13.2 g of (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 (100 mM) and made up to 200 cm 3 with demineralised water.
  • the colloidal dispersion was luminescent, emitting a green coloration under UV excitation.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
US10/433,762 2000-12-08 2001-12-07 Aqueous rare earth phosphate collidal dispersion and preparation method Abandoned US20040044088A1 (en)

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FR0016004A FR2817770B1 (fr) 2000-12-08 2000-12-08 Dispersion colloidale aqueuse de phosphate de terre rare et procede de preparation
FR0016004 2000-12-08
PCT/FR2001/003874 WO2002045840A1 (fr) 2000-12-08 2001-12-07 Dispersion colloidale aqueuse de phosphate de terre rare et procede de preparation

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EP (1) EP1349648B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4117835B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100536867B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1309467C (fr)
AT (1) ATE502694T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002217209A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2431261C (fr)
DE (1) DE60144290D1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2817770B1 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA03005108A (fr)
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US20070010587A1 (en) * 2003-10-09 2007-01-11 Takashi Hasegawa Rare earth metal compound in aqueous solvent, method for producing same, and method for producing ceramic powder using same
US20070131906A1 (en) * 2003-09-18 2007-06-14 Jean-Pierre Boilot Rare-earth phosphate colloidal dispersion, method for the production thereof and a transparent luminescent material obtainable from said dispersion
WO2009138426A1 (fr) * 2008-05-15 2009-11-19 Rhodia Operations Phosphate de lanthane et d'au moins une terre rare choisie parmi le cerium et le terbium sous forme d'une suspension, procede de preparation et utilisation comme luminophore
CN113041965A (zh) * 2021-03-11 2021-06-29 廊坊师范学院 一种磷酸钛溶胶的制备方法

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US7837888B2 (en) * 2006-11-13 2010-11-23 Cabot Microelectronics Corporation Composition and method for damascene CMP
FR2938523B1 (fr) * 2008-11-20 2011-01-07 Rhodia Operations Phosphate de cerium et/ou de terbium, eventuellement avec du lanthane, luminophore issu de ce phosphate et procedes de preparation de ceux-ci
US8572502B2 (en) * 2008-11-21 2013-10-29 Honeywell International Inc. Building control system user interface with docking feature
FR2943658B1 (fr) * 2009-03-24 2011-07-22 Rhodia Operations Composition comprenant un phosphate de cerium et/ou de terbium,de type coeur/coquille,luminophore issu de cette composition et leurs procedes de preparation
FR2958639B1 (fr) * 2010-04-12 2014-01-31 Rhodia Operations Phosphate de lanthane, de cerium et de terbium de type coeur/coquille, luminophore a stabilite thermique amelioree comprenant ce phosphate.
RU2509069C2 (ru) * 2012-07-11 2014-03-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт химии силикатов им. И.В. Гребенщикова Российской академии наук (ИХС РАН) Способ получения керамики на основе ортофосфатов редкоземельных элементов
JP6128799B2 (ja) * 2012-10-31 2017-05-17 三井金属鉱業株式会社 光学材料及びその製造方法並びに水性分散液

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070131906A1 (en) * 2003-09-18 2007-06-14 Jean-Pierre Boilot Rare-earth phosphate colloidal dispersion, method for the production thereof and a transparent luminescent material obtainable from said dispersion
US20110114886A1 (en) * 2003-09-18 2011-05-19 Rhodia Electronics Rare-earth phosphate colloidal dispersion, method for the production thereof and a transparent luminescent material obtainable from said dispersion
US20070010587A1 (en) * 2003-10-09 2007-01-11 Takashi Hasegawa Rare earth metal compound in aqueous solvent, method for producing same, and method for producing ceramic powder using same
US20100004116A1 (en) * 2003-10-09 2010-01-07 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Water-based rare earth metal compound sol, manufacturing method thereof, and method for manufacturing ceramic powder using the same
US8592491B2 (en) 2003-10-09 2013-11-26 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Water-based rare earth metal compound sol, manufacturing method thereof, and method for manufacturing ceramic powder using the same
WO2009138426A1 (fr) * 2008-05-15 2009-11-19 Rhodia Operations Phosphate de lanthane et d'au moins une terre rare choisie parmi le cerium et le terbium sous forme d'une suspension, procede de preparation et utilisation comme luminophore
FR2931143A1 (fr) * 2008-05-15 2009-11-20 Rhodia Operations Sas Phosphate de lanthane et d'au moins une terre rare choisie parmi le cerium et le terbium sous forme d'une suspension, procede de preparation et utilisation comme luminophore
US20110133124A1 (en) * 2008-05-15 2011-06-09 Rhodia Operations Suspensions of phosphates of at least one rare earth element selected from among cerium and terbium and optionally lanthanum and luminophores produced therefrom
US9982191B2 (en) 2008-05-15 2018-05-29 Rhodia Operations Suspensions of phosphates of at least one rare earth element selected from among cerium and terbium and optionally lanthanum and luminophores produced therefrom
CN113041965A (zh) * 2021-03-11 2021-06-29 廊坊师范学院 一种磷酸钛溶胶的制备方法

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FR2817770B1 (fr) 2003-11-28
FR2817770A1 (fr) 2002-06-14
WO2002045840A1 (fr) 2002-06-13
CA2431261A1 (fr) 2002-06-13
KR100536867B1 (ko) 2005-12-16
KR20030080210A (ko) 2003-10-11
US20070179203A1 (en) 2007-08-02
EP1349648B1 (fr) 2011-03-23
US7569613B2 (en) 2009-08-04
MXPA03005108A (es) 2004-10-15
DE60144290D1 (de) 2011-05-05
JP4117835B2 (ja) 2008-07-16
TW575458B (en) 2004-02-11
CN1482945A (zh) 2004-03-17
ATE502694T1 (de) 2011-04-15
AU2002217209A1 (en) 2002-06-18
CN1309467C (zh) 2007-04-11
JP2004515433A (ja) 2004-05-27
EP1349648A1 (fr) 2003-10-08
CA2431261C (fr) 2007-08-21

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