US20040016454A1 - Solar cell array - Google Patents

Solar cell array Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040016454A1
US20040016454A1 US10/351,454 US35145403A US2004016454A1 US 20040016454 A1 US20040016454 A1 US 20040016454A1 US 35145403 A US35145403 A US 35145403A US 2004016454 A1 US2004016454 A1 US 2004016454A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
reflector
solar
solar panel
sheet
panel according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/351,454
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Murphy
Michael Eskenazi
Brian Spence
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems LLC
Original Assignee
AEC Able Engineering Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/337,624 external-priority patent/US6177627B1/en
Application filed by AEC Able Engineering Co Inc filed Critical AEC Able Engineering Co Inc
Priority to US10/351,454 priority Critical patent/US20040016454A1/en
Publication of US20040016454A1 publication Critical patent/US20040016454A1/en
Priority to US11/249,143 priority patent/US7301095B2/en
Assigned to ATK SPACE SYSTEMS INC. reassignment ATK SPACE SYSTEMS INC. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AEC-ABLE ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC.
Assigned to ALLIANT TECHSYSTEMS INC. reassignment ALLIANT TECHSYSTEMS INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ATK SPACE SYSTEMS INC.
Assigned to ORBITAL ATK, INC. reassignment ORBITAL ATK, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALLIANT TECHSYSTEMS INC.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/42—Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems
    • B64G1/44—Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems using radiation, e.g. deployable solar arrays
    • B64G1/443—Photovoltaic cell arrays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
    • H02S30/20—Collapsible or foldable PV modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
    • F24S2023/872—Assemblies of spaced reflective elements on common support, e.g. Fresnel reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/16—Hinged elements; Pin connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S136/00—Batteries: thermoelectric and photoelectric
    • Y10S136/291—Applications
    • Y10S136/292—Space - satellite

Definitions

  • a number of solar panels according to the present invention will be attached together by hinge means, such as a door hinge, a piano hinge, or a living hinge. These solar panels are then folded up, generally accordion style, to reduce volume during launch.
  • the reflectors are collapsible so that they can be easily collapsed against an opposing surface, which can comprise a surface of another solar panel or a surface of another portion of the spacecraft. This ensures that the tightest possible packing of the solar panels can be achieved during launch.
  • the reflectors preferably, are biased toward a deployed, or operational, position; thus in the absence of external forces, the reflectors according to the present invention self-deploy. As a result, upon deployment of the solar panel or panels, the external collapsing force created by the opposing surface is removed and the reflectors self-deploy to their deployed, or operational, position.
  • FIG. 9B is a fragmentary plan view of a row of solar cells with dual ohmics, with sub-groupings of cells being connected in parallel, with each such sub-grouping then being connected in series.
  • the parallel connected sub-groupings comprise two solar cells.
  • FIG. 17 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of a spacecraft according to the present invention with a solar array in a position of partial deployment.
  • composition of base 11 is well known in the art, and typically comprises a honeycomb core structure 50 with a front face-sheet 52 and a back face-sheet 54 .
  • the two center reflectors 25 mounted in spacings 16 are mounted so that both of their reflecting sides 29 , 30 are adjacent to a row 13 of solar cells 24 .
  • radiation incident on both reflecting sides 29 , 30 of the reflectors 25 mounted in spacings 16 is reflected onto an adjacent row 13 of solar cells.
  • the fastener also preferably includes a locking nub 754 to mechanically fasten the reflector 25 to base 11 .
  • Locking nub 754 interlocks with predrilled holes provided in the front face sheet 52 to facilitate accurate reflector location on the panel.
  • Locking nub 754 also provides a redundant mechanical means of fastening the fastener 752 to front face sheet 52 .
  • fastener 752 provides an accurate and reliable means for attaching reflectors 25 to base 11 .
  • Square solar cells may also be used advantageously with the present invention.
  • two 3.5 ⁇ 7 cm rectangular solar cells (rather than one 7 ⁇ 7 cm square cell) are cut from each wafer. As shown in FIG. 9A, these cells 24 are connected in series and are laid down so that the row is 7 cm wide (rather than 3.5 cm wide).
  • current generated on the cell has to travel along a gridline, at most, 3.5 cm to reach the ohmic.
  • Square cells are not currently used because they would require the current to travel too far to reach an ohmic.
  • Square cells with dual ohmics and/or linking gridlines can, however, be used with the present invention because the presence of ohmics on both sides of the cell effectively reduces the distance that current needs to travel to reach an ohmic.
  • the reflectors 25 are preferably self-deploying so that when the opposing surface 700 is moved away, the self-deploying reflectors 25 will erect themselves to their deployed, operational configuration.
  • the opposing surface 700 can be any surface capable of collapsing the reflectors.
  • the opposing surface 700 will typically be a surface 901 of the spacecraft 1000 , a surface of another panel 10 of the array 800 , a reflector 25 disposed on another panel 10 of the array 800 , some other aspect of the array, or a combination of these surfaces.
  • the term opposing surface 700 is meant to include any surface against which the reflectors 25 deployed on a panel 10 can be collapsed. It is specifically noted that the opposing surface 700 against which the reflectors 25 collapse could comprise a surface of a reflector 25 disposed on another panel 10 of the array.
  • the reflectors 25 A disposed on panel 10 A collapse against surface 901 of the spacecraft's bus 1100 .
  • the reflectors 25 B disposed on panel 10 B collapse against some surface of panel 10 C, and vice versa.
  • the opposing surface 700 against which the reflectors 25 B collapse is the surface of reflectors 25 C disposed on panel 10 C. That is, when the array 800 is in its stowed position, the reflectors 25 B collapse against reflectors 25 C, and vice versa.
  • the reflectors 25 D disposed on panel 10 D collapse against reflectors 25 E disposed on panel 10 E, and vice versa.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
US10/351,454 1999-06-21 2003-01-24 Solar cell array Abandoned US20040016454A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/351,454 US20040016454A1 (en) 1999-06-21 2003-01-24 Solar cell array
US11/249,143 US7301095B2 (en) 1999-06-21 2005-10-11 Solar cell array

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/337,624 US6177627B1 (en) 1999-06-21 1999-06-21 Solar cell array with multiple rows of cells and collapsible reflectors
US55981500A 2000-04-25 2000-04-25
US10/351,454 US20040016454A1 (en) 1999-06-21 2003-01-24 Solar cell array

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US55981500A Continuation 1999-06-21 2000-04-25

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/249,143 Continuation US7301095B2 (en) 1999-06-21 2005-10-11 Solar cell array

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040016454A1 true US20040016454A1 (en) 2004-01-29

Family

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/351,454 Abandoned US20040016454A1 (en) 1999-06-21 2003-01-24 Solar cell array
US11/249,143 Expired - Lifetime US7301095B2 (en) 1999-06-21 2005-10-11 Solar cell array

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/249,143 Expired - Lifetime US7301095B2 (en) 1999-06-21 2005-10-11 Solar cell array

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US20040016454A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1194956A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000079593A1 (fr)

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US20060283495A1 (en) * 2005-06-06 2006-12-21 Solaria Corporation Method and system for integrated solar cell using a plurality of photovoltaic regions
US20080178922A1 (en) * 2005-07-26 2008-07-31 Solaria Corporation Method and system for manufacturing solar panels using an integrated solar cell using a plurality of photovoltaic regions
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US20090056788A1 (en) * 2007-09-05 2009-03-05 Solaria Corporation Notch structure for concentrating module and method of manufacture using photovoltaic strips
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US7301095B2 (en) 2007-11-27

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