US20030082004A1 - Bunker drain system - Google Patents
Bunker drain system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030082004A1 US20030082004A1 US10/000,740 US74001A US2003082004A1 US 20030082004 A1 US20030082004 A1 US 20030082004A1 US 74001 A US74001 A US 74001A US 2003082004 A1 US2003082004 A1 US 2003082004A1
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- Prior art keywords
- receptacle
- cover
- interior space
- water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/02—Foundations, e.g. with drainage or heating arrangements
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of golf. More particularly, the invention relates to sand bunkers and an improved water drain system for removing excess water.
- the field of golf imposes unique design requirements on turf systems and sand bunkers disposed near greens. Bunkers are deliberately positioned to create artificial hazards to errant golf balls.
- the bunkers are typically constructed as depressions having a clay base with sloped sidewalls rising upward to turf.
- the bunkers have specific peripheral configurations, depth, and sloped sides.
- Sand overlays the clay base to provide the playing surface for golf balls.
- the sand is typically groomed daily by hand or with motorized equipment to present an even surface to the golfers. Rakes and other equipment “fluff” the top surface of the sand to present the desired surface.
- the invention provides a system for draining water from a bunker having a surface covered with sand.
- the system comprises a receptacle having an interior space for collecting water and for discharging the water through an outlet in the receptacle, wherein the receptacle is capable of being positioned in the bunker surface at an elevation below the sand, an aperture in the receptacle for permitting water entry into the receptacle interior space, and a cover detachably engaged with the receptacle, wherein the cover resists entry of sand into the receptacle interior space, and wherein the cover is moveable to permit entry into the receptacle interior space.
- a perforated pipe connected to the receptacle collects water and directs the water toward the receptacle.
- the perforated pipe can be divided into two or more branches for covering a larger surface area of the bunker.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an elevation view of a receptacle installed in a bunker.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an elevation view of a pipe connected to a receptacle aperture.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a screen in cooperation with an aperture for permitting entry of water while resisting sand entry into the receptacle interior space.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a plan view of a perforated pipe collection system draining water to a single receptacle.
- FIG. 1 illustrates receptacle 10 positioned within bunker 12 comprising soil 14 and sand 16 .
- Bunker 12 is irregularly shaped and is sloped toward one or more ends so that excess water collects toward the low end of bunker 12 .
- Soil 14 can comprises existing soil conditions, imported material such as clay, stabilized soil material, or other conventional bunker base material.
- Bunker 12 has steeply sloped sides terminating at ground elevation 18 so that bunker 12 forms a golf play hazard depressed below ground elevation 18 .
- Receptacle 10 comprises a substantially hollow box having interior space 20 and is formed with a material resistant to degradation such as plastic, metal, composite, or cemetitious product.
- Cover 22 is engaged with receptacle 10 and is movable to permit entry into interior space 20 .
- Cover 22 resists entry of sand and other contaminants into interior space 20 and can be positioned on the upper portion of receptacle 10 as shown in FIG. 1 of on a side of receptacle 10 as shown in FIG. 2.
- One or more apertures 24 are located in receptacle 10 , in cover 22 , or both to permit water entry into interior space 20 .
- one or more apertures 24 can be incorporated within cover 22 to permit water entry.
- aperture 24 can be connected to pipe 26 for the purposes described below.
- apertures 24 can be smaller than the particle size of sand 16 and other contaminants to resist entry into interior space 20 .
- screen 28 can be integrated with one or more larger apertures to provide the function of resisting sand entry as shown in FIG. 3.
- Screen 28 can be formed with a rigid or flexible material resistant to degradation and can comprise expanded metal, plastic, composites, fibreglass, filter cloth, or other material. Screen 28 can be removable to facilitate damage repairs or to adjust the screen 28 mesh size.
- Screen 28 can be formed with a single material or a combination of materials.
- aperture 24 can be positioned in a side of receptacle 10 for connection with pipe 26 .
- Multiple pipes 26 can be connected with receptacle 10 instead of the single pipe shown.
- Pipe 26 can comprise a perforated pipe having one or multiple branches 30 for installation in different portions of bunker 12 .
- FIG. 4 illustrates a plan view of bunker 12 wherein multiple branches 30 of perforated pipe 26 are positioned in bunker 12 to resist surface movement of water and to facilitate water drainage from the bottom surface of bunker 12 .
- One or more branches 30 can connect directly to receptacle 10 or such branches can be combined into a single trunk branch 32 connected to receptacle 10 as shown.
- more than one receptacle 10 can be installed at various low points within bunker 12 , and such receptacles 10 can be connected together with pipe 16 or each can separately drain to an outside location.
- pipe 26 is not essential to the operation of the invention, pipe 26 removes water from the surface of bunker 12 at different locations and reduces the horizontal migration of water within bunker 12 . This feature reduces the impact of erosion on sand 16 during moderate rainfall. For events of heavy rain, excess water can flow along the surface of bunker 12 or through sand 16 and enter receptacle through one or more apertures 24 .
- receptacle 10 has one or more outlets 34 for discharging water from interior space 20 .
- Outlet 34 can be connected to conduit 36 for transporting water to another location by gravity fall or by a pump mechanism (not shown).
- Outlet 34 can be positioned flush with the bottom of interior space 20 or can be elevated above such bottom as illustrated to trap sediments within receptacle 10 for subsequent removal.
- filter 38 can be positioned proximate to outlet 34 to restrict sediment particles from outflow into conduit 36 .
- handle 40 can be attached to cover 22 to facilitate removal of cover 22 from engagement with receptacle 10 .
- Handle 40 can be attached to the top of cover 22 as shown or to the sides of cover 22 .
- one or more hinges 42 can connect cover 22 to receptacle 22 . If cover 22 is located on the upper portion of receptacle 10 , cover 22 is preferable strong enough to withstand impacts from persons or equipment or other animate or inanimate object travelling over or stepping onto cover 22 .
- the size and configuration of apertures 24 located in cover 22 can be smaller than a person's foot to resist damage caused by overlying foot traffic.
- the invention provides superior benefits regarding the installation cost, operability, and maintenance costs associated with sand bunkers on golf courses and other applications. Costly replacement of perforated drain pipe systems is essentially eliminated, since cover 22 provides access to interior space 20 within receptacle 10 to facilitate routine sediment removal. Sediment is easily removed from interior space 20 , from upstream pipe 26 , and from downstream conduit 36 . Pipe cleaning tools can be operated through cover 22 and moved upstream through pipe 26 (or downstream through conduit 36 ) to remove sediments intruding into pipe 26 without requiring upstream location of pipe 26 ends, and without requiring removal of pipe 26 from soil 14 or sand 16 . Underground maintenance can be performed through cover 22 and receptacle 10 without interfering with golf play, and without significantly disrupting the sand surface of bunker 12 . These features of the invention permit ongoing maintenance of golf bunkers without causing expensive cessation of golf play opportunities.
- the configuration of apertures 24 or the size and composition of screen 28 can be adjusted to adapt to field conditions or to permit change in the composition of materials such as a change in the bunker sand 16 .
- Screen 28 can comprise a single material or a composition of different materials or layers and can include screen and embedded strength components.
- cover 22 can be completely detached from receptacle or otherwise moved relative to receptacle 10 to permit inspection or maintenance entry into interior space 20 .
- cover 22 is reinstalled relative to receptacle 10 and sand 16 is replaced over cover 22 to restore bunker 12 to the original playing surface.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
An improved system for draining bunkers on golf courses. A receptacle is positioned below the bunker surface and can have an aperture for receiving drain water and an outlet for discharging the water through a conduit. A perforated pipe water collection system can be attached to the receptacle to direct water to the receptacle interior space. A receptacle cover is removable to permit access to the receptacle interior space. The cover is sufficiently strong to support the overlying weight of people and equipment and can have apertures for permitting water entry while resisting sand entry into the receptacle interior space.
Description
- The invention relates to the field of golf. More particularly, the invention relates to sand bunkers and an improved water drain system for removing excess water.
- The field of golf imposes unique design requirements on turf systems and sand bunkers disposed near greens. Bunkers are deliberately positioned to create artificial hazards to errant golf balls. The bunkers are typically constructed as depressions having a clay base with sloped sidewalls rising upward to turf. The bunkers have specific peripheral configurations, depth, and sloped sides. Sand overlays the clay base to provide the playing surface for golf balls. The sand is typically groomed daily by hand or with motorized equipment to present an even surface to the golfers. Rakes and other equipment “fluff” the top surface of the sand to present the desired surface.
- In wet climates, rainwater compacts the sand and mixes the sand with the underlying clay base. Clay particles or “fines” discolor the overlying sand and also alter the playing qualities of the bunker. Various efforts have been made to reduce the commingling of sand and clay particles and to prevent other contamination of the sand. Cement is mixed with the clay base to harden and stabilize such base. However, mechanized equipment in the bunkers tends to crack the cement stabilized liner, leading to further deterioration. As shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,746,546 to Hubbs et al. (1998), fiber strands and water absorbent particles such as psyllium are added to soil to improve the soil shear strength.
- Other bunker systems use geotextile fabrics underlying the sand. Fabric liners do not easily retain the sand on the sloped sides and are subject to rupture and other failure. Such liners do not independently correct the problems associated with rainwater accumulation in the bunkers.
- Because the bunkers comprise depressions in the soil, rainwater collects in the bunkers and must be drained to another location. Perforated pipe is installed in the bottom of bunkers to drain excess water to a water discharge line. Gravel is packed around the exterior surface of the perforated drain pipe to form a French drain. Such systems eventually fail in wet climates because the clay linings are susceptible to erosion. Clay particles and other contaminants such as grass clippings pack around the perforated pipe to lower the fluid transmissivity of the gravel, and such particles further enter the pipe interior. Over time the accumulated intrusion clogs the pipe, requiring reconstruction of the entire bunker. Such construction is not only expensive to accomplish but also disrupts the utility of the golf course during construction.
- Drain systems have been developed for other applications such as large playing fields. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,848,856 to Bohnhoff (1998) disclosed a thermoplastic mat underlying the surface which facilitated capture of water within an inflatable container for redistribution to the turf surface. Bohnhoff further described conventional perforated pipe networks and the problems associated with poor drainage.
- In bunkers having perforated pipe drains, clay fines inevitably pack off the pipe at the lowest point in the bunker. This occurrence causes excess water to pond at this position within the bunker, further accelerating deterioration of the bunker drain system. A need exists for an improved bunker drain system which facilitates water drainage from bunkers and facilitates maintenance operations.
- The invention provides a system for draining water from a bunker having a surface covered with sand. The system comprises a receptacle having an interior space for collecting water and for discharging the water through an outlet in the receptacle, wherein the receptacle is capable of being positioned in the bunker surface at an elevation below the sand, an aperture in the receptacle for permitting water entry into the receptacle interior space, and a cover detachably engaged with the receptacle, wherein the cover resists entry of sand into the receptacle interior space, and wherein the cover is moveable to permit entry into the receptacle interior space.
- In another embodiment of the invention, a perforated pipe connected to the receptacle collects water and directs the water toward the receptacle. The perforated pipe can be divided into two or more branches for covering a larger surface area of the bunker.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an elevation view of a receptacle installed in a bunker.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an elevation view of a pipe connected to a receptacle aperture.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a screen in cooperation with an aperture for permitting entry of water while resisting sand entry into the receptacle interior space.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a plan view of a perforated pipe collection system draining water to a single receptacle.
- The invention provides a unique method and apparatus for draining water from a bunker having a surface covered with sand. FIG. 1 illustrates
receptacle 10 positioned withinbunker 12 comprisingsoil 14 andsand 16. Bunker 12 is irregularly shaped and is sloped toward one or more ends so that excess water collects toward the low end ofbunker 12.Soil 14 can comprises existing soil conditions, imported material such as clay, stabilized soil material, or other conventional bunker base material. Bunker 12 has steeply sloped sides terminating atground elevation 18 so thatbunker 12 forms a golf play hazard depressed belowground elevation 18. -
Receptacle 10 comprises a substantially hollow box havinginterior space 20 and is formed with a material resistant to degradation such as plastic, metal, composite, or cemetitious product.Cover 22 is engaged withreceptacle 10 and is movable to permit entry intointerior space 20.Cover 22 resists entry of sand and other contaminants intointerior space 20 and can be positioned on the upper portion ofreceptacle 10 as shown in FIG. 1 of on a side ofreceptacle 10 as shown in FIG. 2. One ormore apertures 24 are located inreceptacle 10, incover 22, or both to permit water entry intointerior space 20. As shown in FIG. 1, one ormore apertures 24 can be incorporated withincover 22 to permit water entry. As shown in FIG. 2,aperture 24 can be connected topipe 26 for the purposes described below. Althoughapertures 24 are illustrated in the side ofreceptacle 10,apertures 24 can be located incover 22 as shown in FIG. 3. - In one embodiment of the invention,
apertures 24 can be smaller than the particle size ofsand 16 and other contaminants to resist entry intointerior space 20. In another embodiment,screen 28 can be integrated with one or more larger apertures to provide the function of resisting sand entry as shown in FIG. 3.Screen 28 can be formed with a rigid or flexible material resistant to degradation and can comprise expanded metal, plastic, composites, fibreglass, filter cloth, or other material.Screen 28 can be removable to facilitate damage repairs or to adjust thescreen 28 mesh size.Screen 28 can be formed with a single material or a combination of materials. - In one embodiment of the invention as shown in FIG. 2,
aperture 24 can be positioned in a side ofreceptacle 10 for connection withpipe 26.Multiple pipes 26 can be connected withreceptacle 10 instead of the single pipe shown.Pipe 26 can comprise a perforated pipe having one ormultiple branches 30 for installation in different portions ofbunker 12. FIG. 4 illustrates a plan view ofbunker 12 whereinmultiple branches 30 ofperforated pipe 26 are positioned inbunker 12 to resist surface movement of water and to facilitate water drainage from the bottom surface ofbunker 12. One ormore branches 30 can connect directly toreceptacle 10 or such branches can be combined into a single trunk branch 32 connected to receptacle 10 as shown. Depending upon the configuration and various elevations ofbunker 12, more than onereceptacle 10 can be installed at various low points withinbunker 12, andsuch receptacles 10 can be connected together withpipe 16 or each can separately drain to an outside location. Althoughpipe 26 is not essential to the operation of the invention,pipe 26 removes water from the surface ofbunker 12 at different locations and reduces the horizontal migration of water withinbunker 12. This feature reduces the impact of erosion onsand 16 during moderate rainfall. For events of heavy rain, excess water can flow along the surface ofbunker 12 or throughsand 16 and enter receptacle through one ormore apertures 24. - Referring to FIG. 2,
receptacle 10 has one ormore outlets 34 for discharging water frominterior space 20.Outlet 34 can be connected toconduit 36 for transporting water to another location by gravity fall or by a pump mechanism (not shown).Outlet 34 can be positioned flush with the bottom ofinterior space 20 or can be elevated above such bottom as illustrated to trap sediments withinreceptacle 10 for subsequent removal. If desired, filter 38 can be positioned proximate tooutlet 34 to restrict sediment particles from outflow intoconduit 36. - As shown in FIG. 1, handle40 can be attached to cover 22 to facilitate removal of
cover 22 from engagement withreceptacle 10.Handle 40 can be attached to the top ofcover 22 as shown or to the sides ofcover 22. In one embodiment of the invention, one or more hinges 42 can connectcover 22 toreceptacle 22. Ifcover 22 is located on the upper portion ofreceptacle 10, cover 22 is preferable strong enough to withstand impacts from persons or equipment or other animate or inanimate object travelling over or stepping ontocover 22. The size and configuration ofapertures 24 located incover 22 can be smaller than a person's foot to resist damage caused by overlying foot traffic. - By positioning sand on top of
receptacle 10 orcover 22, the presence and function ofcover 22 is not readily apparent to golfers, leading to relatively uninterrupted golf play. This feature of the invention is particularly significant because a golf ball resting on top ofreceptacle 10 or cover 22 can be played from the overlyingsand 16 surface, therefore providing uninterrupted play regardless of location. - The invention provides superior benefits regarding the installation cost, operability, and maintenance costs associated with sand bunkers on golf courses and other applications. Costly replacement of perforated drain pipe systems is essentially eliminated, since
cover 22 provides access tointerior space 20 withinreceptacle 10 to facilitate routine sediment removal. Sediment is easily removed frominterior space 20, fromupstream pipe 26, and fromdownstream conduit 36. Pipe cleaning tools can be operated throughcover 22 and moved upstream through pipe 26 (or downstream through conduit 36) to remove sediments intruding intopipe 26 without requiring upstream location ofpipe 26 ends, and without requiring removal ofpipe 26 fromsoil 14 orsand 16. Underground maintenance can be performed throughcover 22 andreceptacle 10 without interfering with golf play, and without significantly disrupting the sand surface ofbunker 12. These features of the invention permit ongoing maintenance of golf bunkers without causing expensive cessation of golf play opportunities. - By providing
cover 22 independent fromreceptacle 10, the configuration ofapertures 24 or the size and composition ofscreen 28 can be adjusted to adapt to field conditions or to permit change in the composition of materials such as a change in thebunker sand 16.Screen 28 can comprise a single material or a composition of different materials or layers and can include screen and embedded strength components. - To enter
interior space 20, the position ofreceptacle 10 can be mapped regarding its location andsand 16 is removed from the relatively smallregion overlying cover 22. Aftercover 22 is located, cover 22 can be completely detached from receptacle or otherwise moved relative to receptacle 10 to permit inspection or maintenance entry intointerior space 20. When finished, cover 22 is reinstalled relative to receptacle 10 andsand 16 is replaced overcover 22 to restorebunker 12 to the original playing surface. - Although the invention has been described in terms of certain preferred embodiments, it will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that modifications and improvements can be made to the inventive concepts herein without departing from the scope of the invention. The embodiments shown herein are merely illustrative of the inventive concepts and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (18)
1. A system for draining water from a bunker having a surface covered with sand, comprising:
a receptacle having an interior space for collecting water and for discharging the water through an outlet in said receptacle, wherein said receptacle is capable of being positioned in the bunker surface at an elevation substantially below the sand;
an aperture in said receptacle for permitting water entry into said receptacle interior space; and
a cover detachably engaged with said receptacle, wherein said cover resists entry of sand into said receptacle interior space, and wherein said cover is movable to permit entry into said receptacle interior space.
2. A system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a perforated pipe having an end attached to said receptacle for directing water into said receptacle interior space.
3. A system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a pipe attached to said receptacle outlet for directing water away from said receptacle interior space.
4. A system as recited in claim 1 , wherein said receptacle aperture is located in said cover.
5. A system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a hinge for attaching said cover to said receptacle.
6. A system as recited in claim 1 , wherein said cover includes a plurality of apertures for permitting water entry into said receptacle interior space.
7. A system as recited in claim 1 , wherein said cover includes a mesh for permitting water entry into said receptacle interior space while preventing entry of the sand.
8. A system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a handle attached to said cover to facilitate movement of said cover relative to said receptacle.
9. A system as recited in claim 1 , wherein said cover is sufficiently strong to resist failure caused by an object impacting said cover.
10. A system as recited in claim 1 , wherein said cover includes a screen formed with expanded metal screen.
11. A system as recited in claim 1 , wherein said cover includes a filter screen in combination with a support material resistant to deformation.
12. A system as recited in claim 1 , wherein said cover is detachable from said receptacle.
13. A system as recited in claim 1 , wherein said aperture is substantially closed by said cover, and wherein said cover has openings for permitting entry of water into said receptacle interior space.
14. A system for draining water from a bunker having a surface covered with sand, comprising:
a perforated pipe for collecting water from the bunker sand;
a receptacle attached to said pipe and having an interior space for receiving water from said pipe and having an outlet for discharging water from said receptacle interior space, wherein said receptacle is capable of being positioned in the bunker surface at an elevation below the sand; and
a cover detachably engaged with said receptacle, wherein said cover resists entry of sand into said receptacle interior space, and wherein said cover is movable to permit entry into said receptacle interior space.
15. A system as recited in claim 14 , wherein said pipe comprises at least two pipe branches for collecting water from different locations in the sand.
16. A system as recited in claim 14 , wherein said cover is sufficiently strong to resist failure caused by an object impacting said cover.
17. A system as recited in claim 15 , wherein said cover has at least one opening for permitting entry of water into said receptacle interior space.
18. A system as recited in claim 17 , further comprising a filter screen for resisting entry of sand into said receptacle interior space.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/000,740 US20030082004A1 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | Bunker drain system |
US10/356,964 US7114877B2 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2003-02-03 | Drainage system for sports fields |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/000,740 US20030082004A1 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | Bunker drain system |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/356,964 Continuation-In-Part US7114877B2 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2003-02-03 | Drainage system for sports fields |
US10/356,964 Continuation US7114877B2 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2003-02-03 | Drainage system for sports fields |
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US20030082004A1 true US20030082004A1 (en) | 2003-05-01 |
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US10/000,740 Abandoned US20030082004A1 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | Bunker drain system |
US10/356,964 Expired - Fee Related US7114877B2 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2003-02-03 | Drainage system for sports fields |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/356,964 Expired - Fee Related US7114877B2 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2003-02-03 | Drainage system for sports fields |
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US20040156679A1 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2004-08-12 | Christopher Jenkins | Method and material for preventing erosion and maintaining playability of golf course sand bunkers |
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CA2166666C (en) * | 1996-01-05 | 2005-12-06 | Richard W. Connelly | Sewer system |
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-
2001
- 2001-10-31 US US10/000,740 patent/US20030082004A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2003
- 2003-02-03 US US10/356,964 patent/US7114877B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US6863477B2 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2005-03-08 | Continental Commercial Products, Llc | Method and material for preventing erosion and maintaining playability of golf course sand bunkers |
US20040156679A1 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2004-08-12 | Christopher Jenkins | Method and material for preventing erosion and maintaining playability of golf course sand bunkers |
US7029201B1 (en) | 2003-08-28 | 2006-04-18 | Ch2M Hill, Inc. | Utility line bedding for storm water management and storm water management system and method |
US20060051161A1 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-09 | Benson William M | Methods and apparatus for reducing sand erosion in golf course bunkers |
WO2010126480A1 (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2010-11-04 | Dodds Donald J | Systems of and methods for fluid intakes and outlets that minimize environmental impact |
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US9095763B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2015-08-04 | Capillary Concrete Ab | Method and mixture for foundation of a sports area |
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US9260327B2 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2016-02-16 | Bioner Bierzo, S.L. | System for purifying polluted water and purification method |
US20150151989A1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2015-06-04 | Bioener Bierzo, S.L. | System for Purifying Polluted Water and Purification Method |
US10280569B2 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2019-05-07 | George John Skawski, Jr. | Golf course modular bunker paver blocks |
US9604110B1 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2017-03-28 | George John Skawski, Jr. | Golf course modular bunker paver blocks |
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US10798892B2 (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2020-10-13 | Capillary Concrete, Llc | Aerification system |
US9795854B1 (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-10-24 | Casey Jones | Accelerated water removal low maintenance multi-hole golfing facility |
US10159887B2 (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-12-25 | Casey Jones | Method for making a water permeable and water shuttling sand bunker |
US10413799B2 (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2019-09-17 | Casey Jones | Kit for building accelerated water removal sand bunkers for multi-hole golfing facility |
US20180280778A1 (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-10-04 | Casey Jones | Kit for building accelerated water removal sand bunkers for multi-hole golfing facility |
US10407836B1 (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2019-09-10 | Anthony Vani | System for paver support and method for installation of same |
US10760223B2 (en) | 2018-05-14 | 2020-09-01 | Anthony Vani | Method for installation of system for paver support |
US11746476B2 (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2023-09-05 | Capillary Concrete, Llc | Subsurface irrigation system for a sports field |
US11389807B2 (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2022-07-19 | Capillary Concrete, Llc | Golf bunker filtration device and related methods |
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US7114877B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 |
US20030118403A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
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Legal Events
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