US20030050472A1 - Alkylene oxide modified hardwood cellulose - Google Patents

Alkylene oxide modified hardwood cellulose Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030050472A1
US20030050472A1 US09/943,650 US94365001A US2003050472A1 US 20030050472 A1 US20030050472 A1 US 20030050472A1 US 94365001 A US94365001 A US 94365001A US 2003050472 A1 US2003050472 A1 US 2003050472A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cellulose
pulp
hardwood
mercerized
pulps
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US09/943,650
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English (en)
Inventor
Karl Sears
Wendy Hendricks
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rayonier Inc
Original Assignee
Rayonier Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rayonier Inc filed Critical Rayonier Inc
Priority to US09/943,650 priority Critical patent/US20030050472A1/en
Assigned to RAYONIER INC. reassignment RAYONIER INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HENDRICKS, WENDY, SEARS, KARL D.
Priority to EP02759438A priority patent/EP1421119A4/fr
Priority to AU2002324773A priority patent/AU2002324773A1/en
Priority to JP2003525708A priority patent/JP2005527644A/ja
Priority to CA002459266A priority patent/CA2459266A1/fr
Priority to MXPA04001577A priority patent/MXPA04001577A/es
Priority to PCT/US2002/026860 priority patent/WO2003021013A2/fr
Publication of US20030050472A1 publication Critical patent/US20030050472A1/en
Priority to US10/616,045 priority patent/US6835828B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B13/00—Preparation of cellulose ether-esters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for the modification of cellulose and particularly to a process for the preparation of reactive cellulosic hardwood pulp to make cellulose acetate with superior properties.
  • the treatment of cellulose with alkali under “mercerizing conditions” is a well known procedure which converts cellulose from its native form, cellulose I, to a more thermodynamically stable, less crystalline form, cellulose II.
  • the critical concentration of the caustic solution (weight % of the solution of sodium hydroxide or, less often, potassium hydroxide) necessary for mercerization is dependent upon both temperature and type of cellulose.
  • the caustic solution strength for mercerizing conditions at ambient temperatures will be more than 5%, and usually about 6-16%. For a given caustic concentration, mercerization occurs more readily at low temperatures than high.
  • a greater caustic concentration is required to mercerize a prehydrolyzed kraft pulp than a sulfite pulp, for example.
  • the conditions (temperature, caustic concentration) required to mercerize various cellulosic materials are well known.
  • Propylene oxide was found to be the preferred alkylene oxide for making mercerized softwood fibers which are reactive in low catalyst acetylation processes with desirable properties being achieved with hydroxypropoxy group (—OC 3 H 6 OH) content range of 3.6 to 5.7%, corresponding to a degree of molar substitution (d.s.) of 0.08 to 0.13 per anhydroglucose unit in cellulose.
  • hydroxypropoxy group —OC 3 H 6 OH
  • the foregoing and other objects of the invention are achieved by the preparation of reactive cellulose by mercerizing hardwood cellulosic material, and reacting the mercerized hardwood cellulose with an hydroxyalkylating agent to a molar degree of substitution of the cellulose ranging from about 0.04 to about 0.15 per anhydroglucose unit in cellulose, the degree of substitution being insufficient to render the cellulose appreciably soluble in water, and recovering the substantially water insoluble product.
  • the hardwood sources which are suitable for use in the invention are woods such as gum, maple, oak, eucalyptus, poplar, beech and aspen.
  • the hydroxyalkylating agents useful in the invention are generally the alkylene oxides, including ethylene, propylene and butylene oxides and halogen substituted alkylene oxides such as epichlorohydrin. Benefits of the invention are achieved with about 2.0% to about 5.5% by weight hydroxyalkoxy (—OC n H 2n OH) group content on the cellulose. This corresponds to a degree of molar substitution per anhydroglucose unit in cellulose of from about 0.04 to about 0.15.
  • hydroxypropoxy (—OC 3 H 6 OH)groups using propylene oxide is more efficient in promoting the benefits of the invention, and also represents a safer, less costly process, it is a preferred alkylene oxide for use in the invention.
  • benefits can be expected in about the 2.5 to 4.0% hydroxypropoxy (—OC 3 H 6 OH) group content range which corresponds to a degree of molar substitution of about 0.055 to 0.09 per anhydroglucose unit in cellulose.
  • the hardwood cellulosic pulp may be pretreated with NaOH which acts both to mercerize the pulp and as a catalyst for the reaction of cellulose with alkylene oxides.
  • NaOH acts both to mercerize the pulp and as a catalyst for the reaction of cellulose with alkylene oxides.
  • hydroxyalkylation will be conducted at the same caustic solution concentration as the mercerizing reaction, although it need not. Solution concentrations from 1 to 40% may be used for hydroxyalkylation.
  • Certain bleaching and refining operations for cellulosic pulps involve a cold caustic extraction stage utilizing from 6 to 16% caustic solution at ambient temperatures (about 5° to about 400° C.) to extract hemicelluloses. During the cold caustic extraction stage, mercerization occurs. It has been found that reactive cellulosic pulps of acetylation quality may be produced by combining into one integral operation the cold caustic extraction stage using mercerizing conditions with alkylene oxide modification of the pulp.
  • caustic solution may be used to mercerize the pulp.
  • a preferred method of carrying out the present invention is to first conduct a cold caustic extraction using from 8 to 20%, and preferably 10 to 16%, caustic solution at a temperature of from 150 to 35° C., preferably 23° to 25° C., at a low consistency (weight of pulp per total weight of pulp slurry) of from 1 to 10%, preferably about 3%.
  • the pulp slurry should then be dewatered to a high consistency of from about 10 to over 50%, preferably over 25%, using a centrifuge and/or press and then reacted with an alkylene oxide in the gas phase (25° C., for ethylene oxide, 50° C.
  • the consistency should be increased as high as possible (to about 50% or more) to minimize side reactions of alkylene oxides with water.
  • the caustic concentration should preferably remain at the mercerizing level, i.e., at 6 to 40%, preferably 8 to 20% caustic.
  • a cold caustic refining process of the type which typically may be used in the practice of the present invention, is more fully disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,148,106. Reference to the foregoing patent should be made for a more complete description of such a refining process.
  • a wide variety of hardwood cellulosic material, principally pulps, are useful in the practice of the present invention, including both prehydrolyzed kraft and sulfite pulps. While the process is preferably combined with a refining operation, the process is nevertheless useful for both bleached and unbleached pulps.
  • the invention is particularly useful for the preparation of acetate grade pulps.
  • the reactive pulps of the invention may be used for the manufacture of other cellulose derivatives and plastics, including other cellulose esters and cellulose ethers such as ethyl cellulose.
  • the very low triacetate haze (or clarity) values achieved utilizing hardwood pulp in accordance with the invention are equivalent to those from cotton linters pulp. Due to the excellent triacetate clarity values of cotton linters, compared to those attainable from commercial wood cellulose acetate pulps, cotton linters have been the preferred source material for premium acetate end-use markets, such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs).
  • the PO modified, mercerized hardwood pulps according to the invention can compete in this market and also in manufacture of high quality triacetate film for professional photography.
  • modified hardwood pulps of the invention react faster than cotton linters in low catalyst acetylation reactions.
  • a cellulosic pulp (272 g, 100 g oven dried-o.d.) which had never been previously dried was prepared from hardwood (a mixture of principally gum, oak and maple) by a steam prehydrolyzed kraft cooking process and several bleach stages prior to cold caustic extraction (CCE) in a 10% NaOH solution at 3.0% consistency (100 g o.d. pulp in 3233.3 g of 10% NaOH solution).
  • CCE cold caustic extraction
  • the pulp was slurried for 10 minutes at a temperature of 24-25° C. before its recovery in a small-scale centrifuge for 10 minutes to remove filtrate and recover 348.5 g of alkaline pulp stock. This entire process was repeated two more times using 100 g o.d.
  • each stock was quenched by addition of large quantities of water and allowed to cool before processing.
  • the treated pulps were then processed at ambient temperatures by slurrying in water followed by recovery and numerous water washes in a Buchner funnel.
  • the pulps were then reslurried in water, and acidified to pH between 2.5-3.0 with dilute sulfuric acid, and stirred for at least five minutes before recovery in a Buchner funnel and numerous water washes.
  • All four similarly processed stocks from the plastic reaction vessels were combined and slurried together prior to recovery, sheeting, and drying to recover 306.3 g of stock at 89% o.d., or overall yield from starting pulp of 90.1%.
  • the pulp had a hydroxypropoxy content of 2.9%.
  • Example 1 was repeated but 16% NaOH solution was used for CCE rather than 10% NaOH.
  • the PO treatment level was again 10%, being based on the o.d. pulp weight of the cold caustic extracted stock. Overall pulp product yield from starting stock was about 90.7%. The resulting pulp had a hydroxypropoxy content of 3.3%.
  • Example 2 was repeated, except that 12.5% PO was added rather than 10%.
  • the overall pulp product yield was about 90.9% from starting stock.
  • the resulting pulp had a hydroxypropoxy content of 3.7%.
  • Example 2 was repeated, except that 15% PO was added rather than 10%. Overall pulp product yield was about 91.0%. The resulting pulp had a hydroxypropoxy content of 4.5%.
  • control pulp samples (not reacted with PO) were prepared by processing the same starting pulp using 10 and 16% NaOH, respectively, for CCE (as in Examples 1 & 2).
  • the pulps were recovered immediately after the cold caustic extraction stage by slurrying the centrifuge pulp cake in water with recovery on a Buchner funnel and rinsing to remove excess caustic. This was followed by reslurrying and acidification with dilute sulfuric acid to pH 2.5-3.0, recovery in a Buchner funnel, and numerous water rinses prior to sheeting and drying.
  • the 10% NaOH control sample (Example 5) was recovered in about a 90.2% yield from starting stock, while the 16% NaOH control sample (Example 6) was recovered in about a 88.6% yield.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Other Resins Obtained By Reactions Not Involving Carbon-To-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US09/943,650 2001-08-31 2001-08-31 Alkylene oxide modified hardwood cellulose Abandoned US20030050472A1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/943,650 US20030050472A1 (en) 2001-08-31 2001-08-31 Alkylene oxide modified hardwood cellulose
EP02759438A EP1421119A4 (fr) 2001-08-31 2002-08-23 Cellulose de feuillu modifiee a l'oxyde d'alcoylene
AU2002324773A AU2002324773A1 (en) 2001-08-31 2002-08-23 Alkylene oxide modified hardwood cellulose
JP2003525708A JP2005527644A (ja) 2001-08-31 2002-08-23 アルキレンオキシド変性硬木材セルロース
CA002459266A CA2459266A1 (fr) 2001-08-31 2002-08-23 Cellulose de feuillu modifiee a l'oxyde d'alcoylene
MXPA04001577A MXPA04001577A (es) 2001-08-31 2002-08-23 Celulosa de madera dura modificada con oxido de alquileno.
PCT/US2002/026860 WO2003021013A2 (fr) 2001-08-31 2002-08-23 Cellulose de feuillu modifiee a l'oxyde d'alcoylene
US10/616,045 US6835828B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2003-07-08 Alkylene oxide modified hardwood cellulose

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/943,650 US20030050472A1 (en) 2001-08-31 2001-08-31 Alkylene oxide modified hardwood cellulose

Related Child Applications (1)

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US10/616,045 Continuation US6835828B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2003-07-08 Alkylene oxide modified hardwood cellulose

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20030050472A1 true US20030050472A1 (en) 2003-03-13

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US09/943,650 Abandoned US20030050472A1 (en) 2001-08-31 2001-08-31 Alkylene oxide modified hardwood cellulose
US10/616,045 Expired - Lifetime US6835828B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2003-07-08 Alkylene oxide modified hardwood cellulose

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US10/616,045 Expired - Lifetime US6835828B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2003-07-08 Alkylene oxide modified hardwood cellulose

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US20030050472A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1421119A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2005527644A (fr)
AU (1) AU2002324773A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2459266A1 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA04001577A (fr)
WO (1) WO2003021013A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130303751A1 (en) * 2010-09-17 2013-11-14 Titan Wood Limited Treatment of Wood Pieces

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101139400B (zh) * 2006-09-08 2011-06-01 中国科学院过程工程研究所 秸秆乙酰化组分分离及制备秸秆醋酸纤维素的方法
KR20110123184A (ko) 2010-05-06 2011-11-14 바히아 스페셜티 셀룰로스 에스에이 높은 알파 용해 펄프 제조를 위한 방법 및 시스템
CN109844208B (zh) 2016-08-04 2021-10-29 Pvh公司 免烫织物和服装及其整理方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2054746A (en) * 1930-01-11 1936-09-15 Soc Of Chemical Ind Ethereal cellulose derivatives and process of making the same
US2478425A (en) * 1946-03-26 1949-08-09 Eastman Kodak Co Manufacture of cellulose acetate
US3148106A (en) 1964-01-29 1964-09-08 Rayonier Inc Pulp refining
US4399275A (en) * 1982-01-06 1983-08-16 Itt Corporation Preparation of highly reactive cellulose

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130303751A1 (en) * 2010-09-17 2013-11-14 Titan Wood Limited Treatment of Wood Pieces
US9151000B2 (en) * 2010-09-17 2015-10-06 Titan Wood Limited Treatment of wood pieces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2005527644A (ja) 2005-09-15
WO2003021013A2 (fr) 2003-03-13
EP1421119A4 (fr) 2004-11-24
US6835828B2 (en) 2004-12-28
EP1421119A2 (fr) 2004-05-26
CA2459266A1 (fr) 2003-03-13
MXPA04001577A (es) 2005-03-07
AU2002324773A1 (en) 2003-03-18
US20040106786A1 (en) 2004-06-03
WO2003021013A3 (fr) 2003-06-12

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AS Assignment

Owner name: RAYONIER INC., FLORIDA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SEARS, KARL D.;HENDRICKS, WENDY;REEL/FRAME:012139/0543

Effective date: 20010830

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION