US20030017165A1 - Chemically programmable immunity - Google Patents

Chemically programmable immunity Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030017165A1
US20030017165A1 US10/178,046 US17804602A US2003017165A1 US 20030017165 A1 US20030017165 A1 US 20030017165A1 US 17804602 A US17804602 A US 17804602A US 2003017165 A1 US2003017165 A1 US 2003017165A1
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Prior art keywords
molecule
animal
human
immunity
site
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Abandoned
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US10/178,046
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English (en)
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Kary Mullis
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Altermune Technologies LLC
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Individual
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Priority to US10/178,046 priority Critical patent/US20030017165A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of US20030017165A1 publication Critical patent/US20030017165A1/en
Priority to US10/696,770 priority patent/US7422746B2/en
Priority to US10/754,456 priority patent/US7645743B2/en
Assigned to ALTERMUNE, LLC reassignment ALTERMUNE, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MULLIS, KARY B.
Priority to US11/606,564 priority patent/US7850975B2/en
Priority to US12/336,746 priority patent/US8236321B2/en
Priority to US12/685,257 priority patent/US8263082B2/en
Assigned to ALTERMUNE TECHNOLOGIES LLC reassignment ALTERMUNE TECHNOLOGIES LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALTERMUNE LLC
Priority to US13/543,718 priority patent/US8591910B2/en
Priority to US13/567,930 priority patent/US20120301466A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/385—Haptens or antigens, bound to carriers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/60—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characteristics by the carrier linked to the antigen
    • A61K2039/6025—Nucleotides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and compositions for providing immediate immunity to any desired antigen.
  • the present invention also provides methods and compositions for treating a wide variety of diseases without having to wait for an immune response to be mounted by the human or animal being exposed to the disease.
  • the term “antigen” is defined as anything that can serve as a target for an immune response.
  • the immune response can be either cellular or humoral.
  • the term “vaccine” is defined herein as a suspension or solution of antigenic moieties, usually consisting of infectious agents, or some part of the infectious agents, that is injected into the body to produce active immunity.
  • the antigenic moiety making up the vaccine can be either a microorganism or a natural product purified from a microorganism, a synthetic product or a genetically engineered protein, peptide, polysaccharide or similar product.
  • cell mediated immunity is defined as an immune response mediated by cells rather than by antibody. It includes, but is not limited to, delayed type hypersensitivity and cytotoxic T cells.
  • a “adjuvant” as used herein is any or otherwise modifies the immune response.
  • a “hapten” is defined herein as a substance that reacts selectively with appropriate antibodies or T cells, but the hapten itself is usually not immunogenic. Most haptens are small molecules or small parts of large molecules, but some macromolecules can also function as haptens.
  • conjugation is defined herein as the covalent or other form of linking two or more molecules. It can be accomplished either by chemical means or in vivo by biologic means such as genetic engineering.
  • the process of immunization has been used for over a hundred years to protect humans and animals against disease.
  • the process generally comprises injecting an antigen that is related to the pathogen in the human or animal and waiting an appropriate amount of time, allowing the human or animal in which the pathogen was injected to mount an immune response.
  • the time required for mounting an immune response normally is between approximately two weeks and several months for most antigens.
  • a booster administration of the antigen is required to maintain the immune response. This booster is normally given weeks or months after the initial administration of the antigen.
  • immunization is of little use for immediate treatment of a disease.
  • the present intention provides methods and compositions for the immediate and specific immunization of a human or animal against a pathogen or other undesired substance.
  • the present invention in one embodiment, is designated an “immunity linker molecule” and comprises a molecule with multiple sites; a first binding site on the compound that is antigenic and is capable of mounting an immune response in a human or animal. After immunization of the human or animal, first binding site will then bind specifically to an antibody or other immune molecule that was induced by the immunization process.
  • the molecule has a second binding site or sites that are capable of binding to one or more designated compounds.
  • the present invention also includes a compound that contains only the first binding site or immunogenic site that is present in the immunity linker molecule. This compound that contains only the first binding site or antigenic site is designated herein as “the immunizing molecule”.
  • the immunity linker molecule can be made in several ways.
  • the immunizing molecule with the first binding site can be physically linked or conjugated to the molecule with the second binding sites to the pathogen or other undesired substance.
  • the immunity linker molecule can be produced or manufactured as a single molecule containing the first binding site or immunizing site and the second binding sites.
  • the immunity linker molecule can be any type of compound including protein, nucleic acid or a combination thereof.
  • the first binding sight can be a hapten that is conjugated to a larger molecule.
  • the human or animal is first immunized conventionally against the immunizing molecule.
  • This process includes administering the molecule to the human or animal and then waiting an appropriate amount of time for an necessary, the immunizing molecule can be administered with an adjuvant and/or a booster may be given to the animal at appropriate times.
  • These methods of immunizing a human or animal are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the human or animal that has been immunized against the immunizing molecule now has antibodies that will bind the immunizing molecule when it is present in the blood or other fluid.
  • an immunity linker molecule that contains a binding site to the pathogen or toxic substance is administered to the human or animal.
  • the immunity linker molecule binds at one site to the antibody that was previously induced, and binds to the pathogen at the second site thereby providing an immune complex of the antibody bound to the immunity linker molecule which is now bound to the pathogen.
  • the body now recognizes the immune complexes and processes them in a normal manner.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and composition that will only require a single immunization to protect against a wide variety of pathogens and toxic substances, thereby reducing the risks of multiple vaccinations.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method and composition that will allow health care professionals to immediately immunize a patient against a wide variety of pathogens and/or toxins.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the structure of the immunity linker molecule.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the immunity linker molecule bound at one site to an antibody and, at a second site, to a desired molecule, thereby forming an immune complex.
  • the present invention is related to methods and compositions that are capable of immediately immunizing a human or animal against any molecule or compound.
  • the present invention comprises an immunity linker molecule with at least two sites; (1) a first binding site that binds to an immune system molecule in a human or animal that has been preimmunized against the first binding site, and (2) one or more second binding sites that bind specifically to a desired compound or molecule.
  • the first binding site and the second binding site(s) are linked by a linker portion of the molecule.
  • the present invention comprises methods and compositions for the immediate and specific immunization of a human or animal against a pathogen or other undesired substance.
  • a human or animal can be immediately immunized against a chosen antigen simply by administering to the human or animal the immunity linker molecule with the appropriate second binding site.
  • one can provide immediate immunity to any chosen antigen on the basis of the pre-existing immunity to the immunizing molecule by administration of a synthetic chemical
  • the human or animal is first immunized conventionally against the immunizing molecule.
  • This process includes appropriately administering the molecule to the human or animal and then waiting an appropriate amount of time for an immune response to be mounted in the human or animal.
  • the preferred method of administering the immunizing molecule is by injection. If necessary, the immunizing molecule can be administered with an adjuvant and/or a booster may be given to the animal at appropriate times.
  • These methods of the immunizing a human or animal are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the human or animal that has been immunized against the immunizing molecule now has antibodies that will bind the immunizing molecule when it is present in the blood or other bodily fluid.
  • the immunizing molecule optionally can be administered with agents such as adjuvants, preservatives, diluents, emulsifiers, stabilizers, and other known components that are known and used in immunization procedures in the prior art. Any adjuvant system known in the art can be used in the composition of the present invention.
  • Such adjuvants include, but are not limited to, Freund's incomplete adjuvant, Freund's complete adjuvant, polydispersed ⁇ -(1,4) linked acetylated mannan (“Acemannan”), Titermax® (polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer adjuvants from CytRx Corporation), modified lipid adjuvants from Chiron Corporation, saponin derivative adjuvants from Cambridge Biotech, killed Bordetella pertussis, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria, large polymeric anions such as dextran sulfate, and inorganic gels such as alum, aluminum hydroxide, or aluminum phosphate.
  • Acemannan polydispersed ⁇ -(1,4) linked acetylated mannan
  • Titermax® polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer adjuvants from CytRx Corporation
  • modified lipid adjuvants from Chiron Corporation
  • a preferred adjuvant system is Freund's incomplete adjuvant.
  • Another preferred adjuvant system is Freund's complete adjuvant.
  • the method of immunization and the adjuvants used are not critical to the invention. Thus, any method known in the art can be used, and any adjuvant system known in the art can be used.
  • immediate immunity to, for example, a pathogen can be established in a human or animal that is immunologically naive to the pathogen by administering to the human or animal that has been immunized against the immunizing molecule the immunity linker molecule that contains a binding site to the pathogen.
  • the immunity linker molecule binds at one site to the antibody that was previously induced, and binds to the pathogen at the second site, thereby providing an immune complex of the antibody bound to the immunity linker molecule which is now bound to the pathogen.
  • the body now recognizes the immune complexes and processes the complexes in a normal manner.
  • the immunity linker molecule can be made in several ways.
  • the immunizing molecule can be physically linked or conjugated to the molecule with the binding sites to the desired substance.
  • the immunity linker molecule can be produced or manufactured as a single molecule containing the multiple sites.
  • the immunity linker molecule consists of two active ends connected together by a rigid or flexible spacer such as a double helical region of RNA. The purpose of the spacer is to hold the two ends of the linker together, while preventing them from interacting.
  • the immunity linker molecule can be a protein, peptide, or nucleic acid molecule or any combination thereof, including, but not limited to, RNA molecules, DNA molecules or derivatives thereof.
  • the immunity linker molecule is comprised of RNA molecules and are produced according to the SELEX process. This process is described completely in the list of references attached hereto and are included herein by reference in their entirety.
  • the immunity linker molecule is shown schematically in FIG. 1.
  • the immunity linker molecule 10 comprises a first binding site 15 which is antigenic, a linking portion of the molecule 20 and a second binding site 35 that is capable of binding a specific molecule.
  • the second binding site 35 site or sites are preferably aptamers that have been produced by the SELEX process.
  • the second binding site does not have to be an aptamer, but can be any type of molecule that has the desired physical attributes, i.e., the second binding site being capable of binding to a specific molecule.
  • the immunity linker molecule can have more than one binding site to a single substance or can have multiple binding sites against multiple substances.
  • the linking portion of the molecule links the first binding site 15 and the second binding site 35 .
  • the linking portion 15 of the molecule can be double stranded nucleic acid, but other linking molecules can be used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the immunity linker molecule with an antibody 40 bound to the first binding site 15 of the molecule and a molecule 45 bound to the second binding site 35 on the immunity linker molecule 10 .
  • the immunity linker molecule can be any type of molecule that is capable of being manipulated so that it is capable of (1) mounting an immunity response, and (2) binding a desired molecule or molecules.
  • the preferred type of compound is nucleic acid or, preferably, modified nucleic acid such as 2′-fluoro- or 2′-amino-2′-deoxypyrimidine containing nucleic acids. Nucleic acids using these bases are much more stable than naturally occurring nucleic acids. (See Aptamers as tools in molecular biology and immunology, M. Famulok and G. Mayer, Cur.Top. Micro. Immunobiol., 1999, 243, 123-146.)
  • the immunity linker molecule can be administered to a patient intramuscularly, subcutaneously, orally, intravenously, or through the mucosal membranes.
  • the immunity linker molecule can be use in immunizing a human or animal against a wide variety of substances, including, but not limited to, bacteria, fungi, viruses, toxic substances, and drugs.
  • the present invention is particularly useful in the military where troops may be unexpectedly exposed to a pathogen, toxin, or to a toxic chemical substance.
  • Military personnel are preimmunized against the immunizing molecule, i.e., that portion of the immunity linker molecule that binds to the antibody. Then, if the military personnel are unexpectedly challenged with a pathogen, the appropriate immunity linker molecule can be administered to the military personnel, thereby immediately protecting them against the pathogen or other toxic substance.
  • the present invention can be used to prevent and/or treat organisms including, but not limited to, anthrax, dengue virus, or Marburg virus
  • pharmacies can have a library of different immunity linker molecules available for a variety of different pathogens and toxic substances. If the patient has been preimmunized against the immunizing portion of the linker, then he or she will be immediately immunized against the pathogen or toxic substances.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
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  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
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US10/178,046 1999-12-22 2002-06-21 Chemically programmable immunity Abandoned US20030017165A1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/178,046 US20030017165A1 (en) 1999-12-22 2002-06-21 Chemically programmable immunity
US10/696,770 US7422746B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2003-10-29 Chemically programmable immunity
US10/754,456 US7645743B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2004-01-09 Chemically programmable immunity
US11/606,564 US7850975B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2006-11-30 Chemically programmable immunity
US12/336,746 US8236321B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2008-12-17 Chemically programmable immunity
US12/685,257 US8263082B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2010-01-11 Chemically programmable immunity
US13/543,718 US8591910B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2012-07-06 Chemically programmable immunity
US13/567,930 US20120301466A1 (en) 1999-12-22 2012-08-06 Chemically programmable immunity

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17170799P 1999-12-22 1999-12-22
PCT/US2000/035179 WO2001045734A1 (en) 1999-12-22 2000-12-21 Chemically-programmable immunity
US10/178,046 US20030017165A1 (en) 1999-12-22 2002-06-21 Chemically programmable immunity

Related Parent Applications (1)

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PCT/US2000/035179 Continuation WO2001045734A1 (en) 1999-12-22 2000-12-21 Chemically-programmable immunity

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/696,770 Continuation-In-Part US7422746B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2003-10-29 Chemically programmable immunity
US11/606,564 Continuation US7850975B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2006-11-30 Chemically programmable immunity

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US20030017165A1 true US20030017165A1 (en) 2003-01-23

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US10/178,046 Abandoned US20030017165A1 (en) 1999-12-22 2002-06-21 Chemically programmable immunity
US10/696,770 Expired - Lifetime US7422746B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2003-10-29 Chemically programmable immunity
US11/606,564 Expired - Fee Related US7850975B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2006-11-30 Chemically programmable immunity
US12/336,746 Expired - Fee Related US8236321B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2008-12-17 Chemically programmable immunity
US13/543,718 Expired - Lifetime US8591910B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2012-07-06 Chemically programmable immunity

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US10/696,770 Expired - Lifetime US7422746B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2003-10-29 Chemically programmable immunity
US11/606,564 Expired - Fee Related US7850975B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2006-11-30 Chemically programmable immunity
US12/336,746 Expired - Fee Related US8236321B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2008-12-17 Chemically programmable immunity
US13/543,718 Expired - Lifetime US8591910B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2012-07-06 Chemically programmable immunity

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EP (1) EP1242115B1 (da)
AT (1) ATE433327T1 (da)
AU (1) AU3076601A (da)
CA (1) CA2328356A1 (da)
DE (1) DE60042369D1 (da)
DK (1) DK1242115T3 (da)
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WO (1) WO2001045734A1 (da)

Cited By (6)

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US20040185054A1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2004-09-23 Mullis Kary B. Chemically programmable immunity
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US20070134259A1 (en) * 2005-11-21 2007-06-14 David Bundle Methods and compositions for pharmacologially controlled targeted immunotherapy
US20070148183A1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2007-06-28 Mullis Kary B Chemically programmable immunity
US20100166695A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2010-07-01 The Governors Of The University Of Alberta Multivalent Heterobifunctional Polymers And Methods Of Their Use
US20100285052A1 (en) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-11 Mullis Kary B Chemically Programmable Immunity

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US8236321B2 (en) 2012-08-07
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ES2328102T3 (es) 2009-11-10
EP1242115A4 (en) 2004-06-16
US20090142368A1 (en) 2009-06-04
US7850975B2 (en) 2010-12-14
CA2328356A1 (en) 2001-06-22
DE60042369D1 (de) 2009-07-23
US20120276136A1 (en) 2012-11-01
US7422746B2 (en) 2008-09-09
EP1242115A1 (en) 2002-09-25
EP1242115B1 (en) 2009-06-10
US20040146515A1 (en) 2004-07-29
WO2001045734A1 (en) 2001-06-28
DK1242115T3 (da) 2009-10-05
US20070148183A1 (en) 2007-06-28
AU3076601A (en) 2001-07-03

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