US20020151241A1 - Reactive geocomposite for remediating contaminated sediments - Google Patents
Reactive geocomposite for remediating contaminated sediments Download PDFInfo
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- US20020151241A1 US20020151241A1 US10/115,088 US11508802A US2002151241A1 US 20020151241 A1 US20020151241 A1 US 20020151241A1 US 11508802 A US11508802 A US 11508802A US 2002151241 A1 US2002151241 A1 US 2002151241A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3707—Woven fabric including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/50—FELT FABRIC
- Y10T442/51—From natural organic fiber [e.g., wool, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
- Y10T442/627—Strand or fiber material is specified as non-linear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
- Y10T442/63—Carbon or carbonaceous strand or fiber material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/654—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
- Y10T442/658—Particulate free metal or alloy constituent
Definitions
- the field of the invention is remediation of contaminants, in particular the use of reactive geocomposites for remediating contaminated sediments.
- Capping may use natural materials such as soils or gravel, or geosynthetic layers, or a combination of any of these.
- Capping systems comprised of soil or gravel layers are relatively thick and prone to erosion and disturbance. This may cause mixing with the adjacent contaminated soil or sediment.
- thick caps may present obstructions to ships. The cap may be damaged by the turbulence caused by ship traffic as well as by direct contact. Additionally, these thick caps are not designed to interact with any contaminant chemicals that may be in the pore fluid.
- Soil may be removed for ex situ treatment, simple off-site storage, or both.
- Embodiments of the present invention address the above deficiencies in a cost-effective manner.
- a preferred embodiment of this invention incorporates at least one chemically reactive layer in a geocomposite that may itself comprise multiple additional layers.
- the reactive layer or layers constitutes an active “clean-up” element that concentrates contaminants in a very thin zone, neutralizes contaminants, or does both.
- contaminated sediment is isolated from overlying water or the atmosphere by a geocomposite structure comprising the geocomposite itself and a cover or surcharge layer. This inhibits erosion from either moisture or air, while also inhibiting resuspension of contaminants.
- the geocomposite structure is thin compared to conventional “caps,” it is suited for use in sub-aqueous applications such as shipping channels and harbors. Further, a preferred embodiment of this invention may be removed or “rejuvenated” to achieve further interaction with pore fluids containing dissolved contaminants or chemicals sorbed onto small particles.
- a geocomposite structure or system for remediating contaminated sediments that includes a geocomposite incorporating a top layer of geosynthetic material, one or more middle layers of reactive material, and a bottom layer of geosynthetic material.
- a geocomposite structure for remediating contaminated sediments that includes a geocomposite incorporating a top layer of geosynthetic material, one or more middle layers of reactive material, and a bottom layer of geosynthetic material.
- the top or bottom layer, or both the top and bottom layers may be omitted and achieve the same functionality.
- the geosynthetic material used for the geocomposite may be selected from that commercially available and may be woven or non-woven.
- the reactive material used in the geocomposite may be chosen from that commercially available including: activated carbon, zeolites, particulate polymers, granular forms of commercially available chemical adsorption materials, activated carbon fabric commercially available in sheets, and geosynthetic drainage net incorporating pores for holding granular reactive material, and combinations of these.
- a method for remediating contaminated sediments.
- the geocomposite When the geocomposite is employed in a remediation configuration it may have a layer of surcharge materials overlaid to facilitate the flow of pore water from the sediment through the geocomposite structure.
- the geocomposite structure may be employed horizontally, such as laying a sheet over sediments in a harbor or ship channel or vertically such as pressing it into soft soil to capture horizontally flowing pore water.
- FIG. 1 depicts a side view of layers of a preferred embodiment of the present invention as used in a single plane that may be horizontal.
- FIG. 2 depicts a cross-section view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention as used in a vertical configuration for lateral fluid flow collection.
- a preferred embodiment of this invention inhibits dispersal of harmful environmentally mobile chemicals in areas likely to hold them, such as sediments 104 . While doing this, it may also chemically neutralize or physically immobilize one or more of these chemicals.
- a preferred embodiment of this invention envisions a reactive geocomposite “sandwich” structure 100 incorporating a geocomposite with at least one reaction layer 103 that may be an inner, or middle, layer.
- the geocomposite also comprises two sheets of geotextile fibers, one being a top layer 101 , and the other being a bottom layer 102 .
- Conventional geotextile materials may be employed. These generally are fabricated as synthetic sheets of material that may be woven or non-woven.
- the reactive layer 103 may comprise: activated carbon, zeolites, particulate polymers, and granular forms of available chemical adsorption materials.
- Commercially available products that may facilitate fabrication include activated carbon fabric available in sheets and geosynthetic drainage net incorporating pores for holding granular reactive material.
- the structure 100 separates contaminated sediments 104 from adjacent uncontaminated material 107 .
- Pore fluid 106 and some small solid particles (not separately shown) contained therein are induced to flow through the geocomposite structure 100 .
- One method of inducing flow of the pore fluid is by applying an overlying surcharge layer 105 to the employed geocomposite.
- the combination of the surcharge layer 105 and the geocomposite comprises the geocomposite structure 100 .
- the weight of the surcharge materials facilitates consolidation within the targeted sediment 104 .
- the bottom layer 102 retards passage of at least some suspended particles so that pore fluid 106 and dissolved chemicals enter the geocomposite structure's reactive layer (or layers) 103 .
- the reactive layer 103 interacts with chemicals in the contaminated sediment 104 that pass through the bottom layer, the pore fluid 106 itself within the geocomposite structure 100 , or both.
- the top layer 101 prevents overlying particles (not separately shown) from engaging the middle or reactive layer 103 , while allowing the pore fluid 106 to pass completely through the geocomposite structure 100 into the overlying surcharge layer 105 .
- the geocomposite used in the geocomposite structure 100 may be fabricated in large sheets, e.g., rolls of 30 m (100 ft) in length or more by 34.6 m (10-15 ft) in width. These sheets may be deployed on the surface of a sediment deposit 104 .
- the deposit 104 may be saturated or near saturated, sub-aqueous or terrestrial.
- a layer 105 of surcharge materials such as riprap, gravel, or sand, is placed on the geocomposite to facilitate consolidation of the sediment 104 .
- Subsequent consolidation of the sediment 104 expulses pore fluid 106 that contains targeted harmful chemicals or small particles upon which the chemicals may be sorbed.
- the reactive material in the reactive layer or layers 103 interacts with the chemicals in the fluid 106 .
- the reactive material may simply adsorb them. Alternatively, it may also chemically “neutralize” them. This both isolates and concentrates the targeted chemicals within the reactive layer 103 , or layers. In addition, this reactive layer 103 , or layers, may retain fine particles on which chemicals may have sorbed.
- An embodiment of the present invention may also be employed as a geocomposite structure in a vertical orientation, having an outer layer 201 , or layers, and at least one middle reactive layer 103 .
- This embodiment may be emplaced vertically by pressing it into the ground.
- a surcharge layer 105 of material such as gravel, sand, or riprap may be emplaced above the soil adjacent to the vertically oriented geocomposite and the consolidation of the sediment 104 may occur both horizontally and vertically, due to the weight of the surcharge layer 105 .
- the geocomposite structure 104 may employ a sleeve 201 surrounding the reactive layer 103 , thus forming a continuous outer layer for the geocomposite, much like a sack used to protect a mattress when moving.
- One or more layers 103 of reactive material may be emplaced inside the sleeve 201 (i.e., the continuous outer layer or layers).
- geocomposite structures Although specific types of geocomposite structures are discussed, other similar geocomposite structures, including those that may have only some of the constituents used in the above described examples, may be suitable for remediation using a structure or method that falls within the ambit of a preferred embodiment of the present invention as provided in the claims herein.
Abstract
In one application for remediating sediments, employing a geocomposite sheet eliminates the need for a thick cap or removal and subsequent ex situ treatment of the sediment. A geocomposite with at least one layer of reactive material is placed over the area to be remediated. A layer of available surcharge materials such as sand, gravel, or riprap covers the geocomposite. The weight of the surcharge materials causes pore water to flow from the sediment through the reactive layer or layers of the geocomposite. Contaminants may be trapped in this reactive layer or layers. A top or bottom layer, or both a top and bottom layer, may be provided to inhibit incursion from outside the sediment layer, while permitting appropriate flow direction of pore water into the reactive layer or layers.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of prior co-pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/283,291, “Reactive Geocomposite For Remediating Contaminated Sediments,” by Sheahan et al., filed Apr. 11, 2001.
- [0002] The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
- The field of the invention is remediation of contaminants, in particular the use of reactive geocomposites for remediating contaminated sediments.
- Conventional isolation or treatment of contaminated soils and sediments is by either “capping” or removal. Capping may use natural materials such as soils or gravel, or geosynthetic layers, or a combination of any of these.
- Capping systems comprised of soil or gravel layers are relatively thick and prone to erosion and disturbance. This may cause mixing with the adjacent contaminated soil or sediment. In sub-aqueous applications, such as harbors or shipping channels, thick caps may present obstructions to ships. The cap may be damaged by the turbulence caused by ship traffic as well as by direct contact. Additionally, these thick caps are not designed to interact with any contaminant chemicals that may be in the pore fluid.
- Soil may be removed for ex situ treatment, simple off-site storage, or both.
- However, sub-aqueous sediment removal is expensive and can result in significant contaminant re-suspension in the overlying water column during removal of the sediment.
- Embodiments of the present invention address the above deficiencies in a cost-effective manner.
- A preferred embodiment of this invention incorporates at least one chemically reactive layer in a geocomposite that may itself comprise multiple additional layers. The reactive layer or layers constitutes an active “clean-up” element that concentrates contaminants in a very thin zone, neutralizes contaminants, or does both. Simultaneously, contaminated sediment is isolated from overlying water or the atmosphere by a geocomposite structure comprising the geocomposite itself and a cover or surcharge layer. This inhibits erosion from either moisture or air, while also inhibiting resuspension of contaminants. Because the geocomposite structure is thin compared to conventional “caps,” it is suited for use in sub-aqueous applications such as shipping channels and harbors. Further, a preferred embodiment of this invention may be removed or “rejuvenated” to achieve further interaction with pore fluids containing dissolved contaminants or chemicals sorbed onto small particles.
- Provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a geocomposite structure or system (hereafter referred to as geocomposite structure) for remediating contaminated sediments that includes a geocomposite incorporating a top layer of geosynthetic material, one or more middle layers of reactive material, and a bottom layer of geosynthetic material. Depending on site conditions, the top or bottom layer, or both the top and bottom layers, may be omitted and achieve the same functionality. The geosynthetic material used for the geocomposite may be selected from that commercially available and may be woven or non-woven. Likewise, the reactive material used in the geocomposite may be chosen from that commercially available including: activated carbon, zeolites, particulate polymers, granular forms of commercially available chemical adsorption materials, activated carbon fabric commercially available in sheets, and geosynthetic drainage net incorporating pores for holding granular reactive material, and combinations of these.
- Further, a method is provided for remediating contaminated sediments. When the geocomposite is employed in a remediation configuration it may have a layer of surcharge materials overlaid to facilitate the flow of pore water from the sediment through the geocomposite structure. The geocomposite structure may be employed horizontally, such as laying a sheet over sediments in a harbor or ship channel or vertically such as pressing it into soft soil to capture horizontally flowing pore water.
- Advantages of embodiments of the present invention include:
- uses conventional geosynthetic materials for ease in fabrication of the structure;
- reduces encroachment on shipping lanes as compared to conventional caps;
- resists erosion or other deterioration because of its enhanced stability and tensile strength;
- captures solid contaminants and chemicals sorbed onto small particles that are pulled from the sediments via the consolidation induced by the surcharge layer as opposed to simple isolation of conventional capping;
- renders some chemicals less toxic or insoluble depending on specific reactions occurring in the reactive layer;
- provides an alternative site remediation tool in soft soils that may be inherently difficult to remediate;
- reduces expense when compared to conventional methods of removal and treatment;
- facilitates reuse via removing from service and re-constituting the reactive layer;
- is accepted readily by regulatory bodies and the public; and
- minimizes disturbance of the environment as compared to conventional methods.
- Like numbers depict like elements in all figures.
- FIG. 1 depicts a side view of layers of a preferred embodiment of the present invention as used in a single plane that may be horizontal.
- FIG. 2 depicts a cross-section view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention as used in a vertical configuration for lateral fluid flow collection.
- Refer to FIGS. 1 and 2. A preferred embodiment of this invention inhibits dispersal of harmful environmentally mobile chemicals in areas likely to hold them, such as
sediments 104. While doing this, it may also chemically neutralize or physically immobilize one or more of these chemicals. - A preferred embodiment of this invention envisions a reactive geocomposite “sandwich”
structure 100 incorporating a geocomposite with at least onereaction layer 103 that may be an inner, or middle, layer. In one embodiment, the geocomposite also comprises two sheets of geotextile fibers, one being atop layer 101, and the other being abottom layer 102. Conventional geotextile materials may be employed. These generally are fabricated as synthetic sheets of material that may be woven or non-woven. Thereactive layer 103 may comprise: activated carbon, zeolites, particulate polymers, and granular forms of available chemical adsorption materials. Commercially available products that may facilitate fabrication include activated carbon fabric available in sheets and geosynthetic drainage net incorporating pores for holding granular reactive material. - In one application, the
structure 100 separates contaminatedsediments 104 from adjacentuncontaminated material 107.Pore fluid 106 and some small solid particles (not separately shown) contained therein are induced to flow through thegeocomposite structure 100. One method of inducing flow of the pore fluid is by applying anoverlying surcharge layer 105 to the employed geocomposite. The combination of thesurcharge layer 105 and the geocomposite comprises thegeocomposite structure 100. The weight of the surcharge materials facilitates consolidation within the targetedsediment 104. Employed in a horizontal configuration as depicted in FIG. 1, thebottom layer 102 retards passage of at least some suspended particles so thatpore fluid 106 and dissolved chemicals enter the geocomposite structure's reactive layer (or layers) 103. Depending on the makeup of thisbottom layer 102, very fine solid particles may pass to thereactive layer 103. Thereactive layer 103 interacts with chemicals in the contaminatedsediment 104 that pass through the bottom layer, thepore fluid 106 itself within thegeocomposite structure 100, or both. Thetop layer 101 prevents overlying particles (not separately shown) from engaging the middle orreactive layer 103, while allowing thepore fluid 106 to pass completely through thegeocomposite structure 100 into theoverlying surcharge layer 105. - Referring again to FIG. 1, in one embodiment, the geocomposite used in the
geocomposite structure 100 may be fabricated in large sheets, e.g., rolls of 30 m (100 ft) in length or more by 34.6 m (10-15 ft) in width. These sheets may be deployed on the surface of asediment deposit 104. Thedeposit 104 may be saturated or near saturated, sub-aqueous or terrestrial. After emplacement of the geocomposite, alayer 105 of surcharge materials, such as riprap, gravel, or sand, is placed on the geocomposite to facilitate consolidation of thesediment 104. - Subsequent consolidation of the
sediment 104 expulses pore fluid 106 that contains targeted harmful chemicals or small particles upon which the chemicals may be sorbed. As thepore fluid 106 flows through thegeocomposite structure 100, the reactive material in the reactive layer or layers 103, interacts with the chemicals in thefluid 106. For example, the reactive material may simply adsorb them. Alternatively, it may also chemically “neutralize” them. This both isolates and concentrates the targeted chemicals within thereactive layer 103, or layers. In addition, thisreactive layer 103, or layers, may retain fine particles on which chemicals may have sorbed. - Refer to FIG. 2. An embodiment of the present invention may also be employed as a geocomposite structure in a vertical orientation, having an
outer layer 201, or layers, and at least one middlereactive layer 103. This embodiment may be emplaced vertically by pressing it into the ground. Asurcharge layer 105 of material such as gravel, sand, or riprap may be emplaced above the soil adjacent to the vertically oriented geocomposite and the consolidation of thesediment 104 may occur both horizontally and vertically, due to the weight of thesurcharge layer 105. In an embodiment installed vertically, thegeocomposite structure 104 may employ asleeve 201 surrounding thereactive layer 103, thus forming a continuous outer layer for the geocomposite, much like a sack used to protect a mattress when moving. One ormore layers 103 of reactive material may be emplaced inside the sleeve 201 (i.e., the continuous outer layer or layers). - Although specific types of geocomposite structures are discussed, other similar geocomposite structures, including those that may have only some of the constituents used in the above described examples, may be suitable for remediation using a structure or method that falls within the ambit of a preferred embodiment of the present invention as provided in the claims herein.
Claims (31)
1. A geocomposite comprising:
at least one first layer of geosynthetic material;
at least one second layer of geosynthetic material; and
at least one third layer composed of at least some reactive material, said at least one third layer affixed between said first and second layers,
wherein said geocomposite may be employed to remediate sediments.
2. The geocomposite of claim 1 in which said geosynthetic material is commercially available.
3. The geocomposite of claim 2 in which said commercially available geosynthetic material is selected from the group consisting of woven, non-woven, and combinations of woven and non-woven geosynthetic material.
4. The geocomposite of claim 1 in which said reactive material is commercially available.
5. The geocomposite of claim 4 in which said commercially available reactive material is selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, zeolites, particulate polymers, granular forms of commercially available chemical adsorption materials, activated carbon fabric commercially available in sheets, geosynthetic drainage net incorporating pores for holding granular reactive material, and combinations thereof.
6. A remediation configuration comprising:
a geocomposite comprising:
at least one first layer of geosynthetic material;
at least one second layer of geosynthetic material; and
at least one third layer composed of at least some reactive material, said at least one third layer affixed between said first and second layers, and
a layer of surcharge materials placed above said geocomposite, wherein said remediation configuration may be employed to remediate sediments.
7. The remediation configuration of claim 6 in which said geosynthetic material is commercially available.
8. The remediation configuration of claim 7 in which said commercially available geosynthetic material is selected from the group consisting of woven, non-woven, and combinations of woven and non-woven geosynthetic material.
9. The remediation configuration of claim 6 in which said reactive material is commercially available.
10. The remediation configuration of claim 9 in which said commercially available reactive material is selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, zeolites, particulate polymers, granular forms of commercially available chemical adsorption materials, activated carbon fabric commercially available in sheets, geosynthetic drainage net incorporating pores for holding granular reactive material, and combinations thereof.
11. The remediation configuration of claim 6 in which said surcharge materials are selected from the group consisting of riprap, gravel, sand, and combinations thereof.
12. A method for remediating sediments, comprising:
deploying a geocomposite in a plane, said geocomposite having at least a topmost edge when deployed approximately vertically and comprising:
at least one layer of geosynthetic material,
wherein at least one said at least one layer is composed of at least some reactive material, and
covering said geocomposite with a layer of surcharge materials,
wherein if more than one layer is used in said geocomposite, each of said layers is arranged approximately parallel to each other in said plane, and
wherein said method facilitates remediating sediments.
13. The method of claim 12 in which said layer of surcharge materials is deployed over said geocomposite along said plane.
14. The method of claim 13 in which said plane is approximately horizontal.
15. The method of claim 13 in which said plane is approximately vertical, wherein said layer of surcharge materials is deployed above said topmost edge and over the surface horizontally adjacent to said topmost edge for the length of said topmost edge.
16. The method of claim 12 in which said geosynthetic material is commercially available.
17. The method of claim 16 in which said commercially available geosynthetic material is selected from the group consisting of woven, non-woven, and combinations of woven and non-woven geosynthetic material.
18. The method of claim 12 in which said reactive material is commercially available.
19. The method of claim 18 in which said commercially available reactive material is selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, zeolites, particulate polymers, granular forms of commercially available chemical adsorption materials, activated carbon fabric commercially available in sheets, geosynthetic drainage net incorporating pores for holding granular reactive material, and combinations thereof.
20. The method of claim 12 in which said surcharge materials are selected from the group consisting of riprap, gravel, sand, and combinations thereof.
21. A geocomposite for remediating sediments comprising:
at least one layer of geosynthetic material,
wherein at least one of said at least one layers is composed of at least some reactive material.
22. The geocomposite of claim 21 in which said geosynthetic material is commercially available.
23. The geocomposite of claim 22 in which said commercially available geosynthetic material is selected from the group consisting of woven, non-woven, and combinations of woven and non-woven geosynthetic material.
24. The geocomposite of claim 21 in which said reactive material is commercially available.
25. The geocomposite of claim 24 in which said commercially available reactive material is selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, zeolites, particulate polymers, granular forms of commercially available chemical adsorption materials, activated carbon fabric commercially available in sheets, geosynthetic drainage net incorporating pores for holding granular reactive material, and combinations thereof.
26. A remediation configuration for remediating sediments comprising:
a geocomposite comprising:
at least one layer of geosynthetic material,
wherein at least one of said at least one layers is composed of at least some reactive material; and
a layer of surcharge materials placed above said geocomposite.
27. The remediation configuration of claim 26 in which said geosynthetic material is commercially available.
28. The remediation configuration of claim 27 in which said commercially available geosynthetic material is selected from the group consisting of woven, non-woven, and combinations of woven and non-woven geosynthetic material.
29. The remediation configuration of claim 26 in which said reactive material is commercially available.
30. The remediation configuration of claim 29 in which said commercially available reactive material is selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, zeolites, particulate polymers, granular forms of commercially available chemical adsorption materials, activated carbon fabric commercially available in sheets, geosynthetic drainage net incorporating pores for holding granular reactive material, and combinations thereof.
31. The remediation configuration of claim 26 in which said surcharge materials are selected from the group consisting of riprap, gravel, sand, and combinations thereof.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/115,088 US20020151241A1 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2002-04-04 | Reactive geocomposite for remediating contaminated sediments |
US11/194,641 US7128498B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2005-08-02 | Method of containing and at least partially remediating contaminants in soils, including sediments |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US28329101P | 2001-04-11 | 2001-04-11 | |
US10/115,088 US20020151241A1 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2002-04-04 | Reactive geocomposite for remediating contaminated sediments |
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US11/194,641 Division US7128498B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2005-08-02 | Method of containing and at least partially remediating contaminants in soils, including sediments |
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US20020151241A1 true US20020151241A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
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US10/115,088 Abandoned US20020151241A1 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2002-04-04 | Reactive geocomposite for remediating contaminated sediments |
US11/194,641 Expired - Lifetime US7128498B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2005-08-02 | Method of containing and at least partially remediating contaminants in soils, including sediments |
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US11/194,641 Expired - Lifetime US7128498B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2005-08-02 | Method of containing and at least partially remediating contaminants in soils, including sediments |
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US (2) | US20020151241A1 (en) |
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US20050226688A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-13 | Ann Arbor Technical Services & Earth Tech, Inc. | Geomorphology environmental remediation process and systems |
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US20050226688A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-13 | Ann Arbor Technical Services & Earth Tech, Inc. | Geomorphology environmental remediation process and systems |
US20080154435A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2008-06-26 | Ann Arbor Technical Services | Geomorphology for environmental remediation process and systems |
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EP2163320A1 (en) | 2008-09-15 | 2010-03-17 | Amcol International Corporation | Contaminant-reactive gabion/geocomposite article and method of manufacture and use |
EP2354322A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 | 2011-08-10 | Amcol International Corporation | Contaminant-reactive gabion cage or grid structure and method of manufacture and use |
CN102659295A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2012-09-12 | 大恩(天津)环境技术研发有限公司 | Liner type sediment ecological restoration system |
US9085021B1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-07-21 | Trc Environmental Corporation | Devices and methods for trapping non-aqueous-phase liquids and venting gas from subaqueous sediment |
EP3321081A1 (en) | 2015-08-25 | 2018-05-16 | Thrace Nonwovens & Geosynthetics S.A. | Geosynthetic reactive clay (grc) having an attapulgite clay core for the capping or containment of contaminated soil |
EP3321081B1 (en) | 2015-08-25 | 2020-01-08 | Thrace Nonwovens & Geosynthetics S.A. | Geosynthetic reactive clay (grc) having an attapulgite clay core for the capping or containment of contaminated soil |
CN108503155A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-09-07 | 河长智库(北京)科技有限公司 | A kind of in-situ deposition object prosthetic appliance and restorative procedure |
CN113368819A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2021-09-10 | 河海大学 | In-situ covering material aiming at flaky slow-sinking adsorption of floating mud and preparation method |
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US20060222462A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
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