CN113368819A - In-situ covering material aiming at flaky slow-sinking adsorption of floating mud and preparation method - Google Patents
In-situ covering material aiming at flaky slow-sinking adsorption of floating mud and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113368819A CN113368819A CN202110608276.8A CN202110608276A CN113368819A CN 113368819 A CN113368819 A CN 113368819A CN 202110608276 A CN202110608276 A CN 202110608276A CN 113368819 A CN113368819 A CN 113368819A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
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- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical class O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/004—Sludge detoxification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and discloses an in-situ covering material for flake slow-sinking adsorption of floating mud and a preparation method thereof, wherein the in-situ covering material comprises clean powdery clay, vermiculite, activated carbon and modified montmorillonite; uniformly mixing the activated carbon, the modified montmorillonite, the clay, the vermiculite and the flaky slow-settling/adsorption stabilizing material according to a proportion; and putting the uniform mixture into a special die, and pressing and forming. The covering material is made into the sheet shape, so that the defect that the existing bottom mud covering system cannot cover perfectly is overcome, suspended particles can be adsorbed under the condition of not disturbing the bottom mud, and the stable covering of the bottom mud is realized under the condition of less disturbance to the bottom mud; the active carbon and the modified montmorillonite have strong adsorption capacity to different types of pollutants, wherein the active carbon can well adsorb hydrophobic organic pollutants, the modified montmorillonite can well adsorb nutrient salts and heavy metals, and the material can be selectively manufactured by combining pollution types during use, so that the treatment cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to an in-situ covering material for flaky slow-settling adsorption of floating mud and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present: with the implementation of policies such as 'ten pieces of water' and 'river growth', the pollution conditions of rivers and lakes in China are effectively controlled, and the existing research shows that after the exogenous pollution of lakes is controlled, the harm of the endogenous pollutants, namely the pollutants released by bottom mud, to the water environment is not a little. Different lakes have different places and pollution sources, the types of pollutants carried by the bottom sludge are different, and the types of pollutants commonly existing in the bottom sludge of the lakes comprise nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salts, heavy metals and persistent organic matters. Under certain hydrodynamic force conditions, particles on the surface layer of the sediment can be resuspended and enter a water body, and a layer of floating sediment with higher turbidity and a suspended particle-water mixing layer are generated near the sediment-water interface. This process accelerates the release of contaminants from the bottom sludge. Therefore, controlling the occurrence of resuspension of the sediment and inhibiting the release of pollutants in the sediment are two very important measures for treating the water environment.
Today, there are two main types of methods for treating contaminated bottom sludge. One is ex situ treatment and the other is in situ treatment. The ex-situ treatment is mainly a means for removing the polluted sediment from the lake bottom by means of dredging and then treating the dredged sediment. In situ treatment techniques refer to the removal or isolation of contaminants from the sediment in situ, including chemical, biological, physical, and the like. The dredging has great influence on the environment, a large amount of mud generated in the dredging process is difficult to treat and utilize, and the in-situ covering technology which has small influence on the environment and does not need a large amount of engineering measures is continuously developed and is gradually accepted by people as a method for treating the polluted sediment with low investment and high efficiency.
The in-situ covering technology is to cover a covering layer on the surface of the sediment to isolate the sediment from the overlying water and inhibit the release of pollutants in the sediment to the overlying water. The method has low investment and good treatment effect. The need to achieve a good covering effect requires the integrity of the covering and the adsorptive properties of the covering material to be determined, which requires the selection and design of materials and construction methods.
The active carbon has a large specific surface area due to the porous structure, has strong adsorbability on various substances, and has been widely used for water purification, air purification and other aspects due to the strong adsorbability, and experiments show that the active carbon has strong adsorbability on hydrophobic organic pollutants. The modified montmorillonite has double electric layer structure, can adsorb and stabilize heavy metal ions through ion exchange, and has good adsorption effect on heavy metal and nutrient salt. The montmorillonite is modified by different substances, so that the montmorillonite can obtain stronger adsorption performance, and nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient salts can be adsorbed. Aiming at nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salts, heavy metals and persistent organic matters commonly existing in the bottom sediment, the pollutants can be effectively adsorbed and stabilized by selecting active carbon and modified montmorillonite.
The prior art can not achieve the purpose of covering a suspension layer and can also generate disturbance to bottom mud. The existing in-situ covering technology rarely considers the influence on the covering of a suspended layer and the disturbance of bottom mud in research and construction. If the suspension layer is not covered, the pollutants carried in the suspension layer can still be continuously released to the overlying water body; if the disturbance to the bottom mud is large in the process of putting the covering material, more suspended matters can be generated, and the covering effect is influenced. Therefore, it is necessary to design a covering material and a method to realize the covering of the suspended layer without generating disturbance to the sediment.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) if the suspension layer of the existing in-situ covering method is not covered, the pollutants carried in the suspension layer can still be continuously released to the overlying water body.
(2) In the existing in-situ covering method, if the disturbance to the bottom mud is large in the covering material feeding process, more suspended matters can be generated, and the covering effect is influenced.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: how to design the covering material can cover the suspension layer without disturbing the bottom sediment, and on the basis, the covering material can also inhibit the pollutants in the suspension layer and the bottom sediment from being released into water. In order to meet the requirements, the impact of the material during bottom sedimentation needs to be small enough not to disturb the sediment, the material can be self-stabilized and not broken in the process of sedimentation in water, the material needs to have a certain area to cover a suspension layer, and the material needs to have the functions of adsorbing and isolating pollutants.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the method for in-situ covering of the polluted bottom sediment can be used for carrying out adsorption covering on a suspension layer and carrying out pollution movement on the bottom sediment, and can greatly improve the application range and efficiency of in-situ covering.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an in-situ covering material aiming at flaky slow-settling adsorption of floating mud and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized in such a way that the preparation method of the in-situ covering material aiming at the flake slow-sinking adsorption of the floating mud comprises the following steps:
selecting clean powdered clay, vermiculite, activated carbon and modified montmorillonite; the clay is used as a carrier material, and the other materials are adsorbing materials aiming at different pollutants, so that the release of specific pollution can be effectively inhibited.
Step two, uniformly mixing the activated carbon, the modified montmorillonite, the clay, the vermiculite and the flaky slow-settling/adsorption stabilizing material according to a proportion; the mixture with different proportions can obtain proper density so as to cover a suspension layer in the covering process and simultaneously not disturb the bottom sediment, and different mixing amounts can be selected according to different pollution types of the bottom sediment.
Step three, putting the uniform mixture into a specific mould, and pressing and molding; the mould controls the size of the cover material in order to be able to cover the suspension layer in the sedimentation without disturbing the substrate sludge.
Further, the mixing ratio of the activated carbon, the modified montmorillonite, the clay, the vermiculite and the flaky slow-settling/adsorption stabilizing material is 1:2:5: 1-4: 1.5.
The invention also aims to provide an in-situ covering material for flaky slow-sinking adsorption of floating mud, which is prepared by uniformly mixing activated carbon, modified montmorillonite, vermiculite and clay. The materials are mixed with a certain amount of water uniformly by a stirrer and then pressed into preset slices, can be mutually bonded and have certain strength, and are not easy to break when the materials are settled in water.
Further, the thickness of the in-situ covering material for the flaky slow-sinking adsorption of the floating mud is 0.5-5 cm, the width of the in-situ covering material is 0.5-50 cm, and the density of the in-situ covering material is 1.2-1.7g/cm3。
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the material of the invention is simple and easy to obtain, and the manufacturing process is simple; the covering material is made into the sheet shape, so that the defect that the existing bottom mud covering system cannot cover perfectly is overcome, suspended particles can be adsorbed under the condition of not disturbing the bottom mud, and the stable covering of the bottom mud is realized under the condition of less disturbance to the bottom mud.
The flaky covering material comprises active carbon and modified montmorillonite which have strong adsorption capacity on different types of pollutants, wherein the active carbon can well adsorb hydrophobic organic pollutants, the modified montmorillonite can well adsorb nutrient salts and heavy metals, and the material can be selectively manufactured by combining pollution types during use, so that the treatment cost is saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a preparation method of an in-situ covering material for flake slow-sinking adsorption of floating mud according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an in-situ covering material aiming at the flaky slow-sinking adsorption of floating mud and a preparation method thereof, and the invention is described in detail below by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for preparing an in-situ covering material for flaky slow-sinking adsorption of floating mud provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s101, selecting clean powdery clay, vermiculite, activated carbon and modified montmorillonite;
s102, uniformly mixing the activated carbon, the modified montmorillonite, the clay, the vermiculite and the flaky slow-settling/adsorption stabilizing material in proportion;
and S103, putting the uniform mixture into a specific mould, and performing compression molding.
The flaky material related to the embodiment of the invention can adsorb a stable suspension layer and form a barrier on the surface of the sediment at the same time, and inhibits pollutants such as nutritive salt and heavy metal of the sediment from being released to a water body, and the action mechanism is as follows:
1. the suspension layer is formed by continuous suspension and settlement of the surface layer bottom mud under hydrodynamic conditions;
2. the sheet material does not disintegrate after being put into water;
3. the flaky material can stably settle to the water bottom at a lower speed;
4. the sheet material has small disturbance to the suspension layer in the descending process, and the adsorption component in the material can adsorb suspended particles. And carrying the sediment to be settled to the surface of the sediment;
5. most of pollutants in the bottom mud are released to the overlying water in a gap water mode;
6. when the interstitial water passes through the sheet material, pollutants in the interstitial water are adsorbed by the adsorbing material, so that the release of the pollutants is inhibited;
7. the active carbon added into the flaky slow-settling/adsorption stabilizing material has great adsorption capacity on hydrophobic organic matters;
8. the modified montmorillonite added in the flaky slow-settling/adsorption stabilizing material can adsorb nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals through ion exchange.
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The sheet material is tested for sedimentation in water:
the experimental steps are as follows:
1. according to the preparation method of the flaky material, clay, vermiculite, activated carbon, modified montmorillonite and water are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:1-4:1:2:1.5, and the obtained mixture has the density range of 1.2-1.7g/cm3Pressing the mixture into a sheet material with the thickness of 0.5-1.0cm and the width of 1-4cm by using a special mold;
2. preparing a transparent organic glass cylinder with the height of 2m and the inner diameter of 25cm, and sealing the bottom of the cylinder;
3. filling tap water in the cylinder;
4. and releasing the prepared materials from the water surface singly, selecting different included angles between the maximum surface of the material and the water surface when the prepared materials are released, and observing the sedimentation condition of the materials in water.
The experimental results are as follows:
experiments show that no matter how many angles are selected during release, the angle is changed into the maximum plane parallel to the water surface for sedimentation after the sedimentation is carried out for a short distance; the material can not be disintegrated and peeled off in the sedimentation process; the sedimentation velocity of the material is between 0.03 and 0.2 m/s.
This shows that the sheet-like slow-settling/adsorption-stable material prepared as described in the present invention can settle stably in water, and the settling rate of the material can be controlled by the time of preparation of the material.
Example 2
Sheet material coverage suspension condition test:
the experimental steps are as follows:
1. preparing a transparent organic glass jar of 60 x 60cm, adding lake Tai sediment with the thickness of 5cm, adding water with the thickness of 50cm, and giving certain disturbance to generate a suspension layer of 1-2 cm;
2. materials of different densities and widths were selected and released from the water surface with the largest plane parallel to the water surface, and the process of the material contacting the cover layer to sinking on the sediment was observed.
The experimental results are as follows:
experiments have found that materials with low speed and low mass can smoothly cover the suspended matter, except that several materials with higher density and thickness can scatter suspended particles when contacting the suspended layer, so that the suspended matter can not be covered.
This demonstrates that the coating of the suspension layer can be achieved simply by preparing the material to a suitably sized density. For the suspension layer in this experiment, a density of 1.5g/cm was used3Height of 0.5 and width of 4cm, namely, different sizes of materials and densities may be needed for different suspension layers (referring to physical indexes such as suspended particle size, gravity and the like).
Example 3
The sheet material inhibits the release of the bottom mud pollutants:
the experimental steps are as follows:
1. same as 1 of example 2;
2. the density used is 1.5g/cm3The substrate sludge is covered by a flaky material with the height of 0.5 and the width of 4cm, and a non-covered control group is additionally arranged;
3. the overburden water of the two tests was sampled every day to analyze the concentration of pollutants (specifically nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals, persistent organic compounds).
And (3) test results:
the test result shows that the concentration of the pollutants on the overlying water is obviously lower than that of the control group, and the inhibition rate of the pollutants on nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metal and persistent organic matters is over 80 percent.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the in-situ covering material for the flake slow-sinking adsorption of the floating mud is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
selecting powdered clay, vermiculite, activated carbon and modified montmorillonite;
uniformly mixing the activated carbon, the modified montmorillonite, the clay, the vermiculite and the flaky slow-settling/adsorption stabilizing material according to a proportion;
the mixture is put into a special mould and pressed to be shaped.
2. The method for preparing an in-situ covering material aiming at flake slow-sinking adsorption of floating mud as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of the activated carbon, the modified montmorillonite, the clay, the vermiculite and the flake slow-sinking/adsorption stabilizing material is 1:2:5: 1-4: 1.5.
3. The in-situ covering material for the flaky slow-sinking adsorption of the floating mud, which is prepared by the preparation method of the in-situ covering material for the flaky slow-sinking adsorption of the floating mud according to claims 1-2, is characterized in that the in-situ covering material for the flaky slow-sinking adsorption of the floating mud is prepared by uniformly mixing clay, vermiculite, activated carbon and modified montmorillonite.
4. The in situ cover material for sheet-like slow-sinking adsorption of floating mud according to claim 3, characterized in thatCharacterized in that the thickness of the in-situ covering material for the flake slow-sinking adsorption of the floating mud is 0.5-5 cm, the width is 0.5-50 cm, and the density is 1.2-1.7g/cm3。
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Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5040900A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1991-08-20 | United States Pollution Control Company, Inc. | Sludge stabilizing method and apparatus |
| US20020151241A1 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-17 | Sheahan Thomas Clair | Reactive geocomposite for remediating contaminated sediments |
| US20030092583A1 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-15 | Luthy Richard G. | In situ stablization of persistent hydrophobic organic contaminants in sediments using coal-and wood derived carbon sorbents |
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