US20020139508A1 - Mold with a function ring - Google Patents
Mold with a function ring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020139508A1 US20020139508A1 US10/115,808 US11580802A US2002139508A1 US 20020139508 A1 US20020139508 A1 US 20020139508A1 US 11580802 A US11580802 A US 11580802A US 2002139508 A1 US2002139508 A1 US 2002139508A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- hot
- parting agent
- ring
- agent distributor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/07—Lubricating the moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/0401—Moulds provided with a feed head
Definitions
- This invention relates to an apparatus for strand casting of molten metal, and more particularly, to a hot-top mold for improving the surface quality of hard-to-cast alloys.
- Strand casting also known as continuous casting, involves a process in which molten metal is introduced into a mold. During its residence time in the mold, the metal solidifies in contact with the wall of the mold and can be drawn downward via a movable bottom portion of the mold.
- a reserve of molten metal is positioned above the mold. The reserve is also referred to as a feeder head or a “hot-top”.
- a parting agent, or release agent is applied to the surface of the continuous casting being formed, such that direct contact with the surface of the mold is avoided, thereby facilitating easy removal of the casting.
- Parting agents may include mixtures of oils and gases. It is particularly desirable if the oil-gas mixture is first formed close to the mold.
- Hot-top molds of the kind described above are well known in the art.
- European Pat. No. EP 0566 865 to VAW discloses a hot-top mold where a parting agent, by way of a parting agent distributor, reaches the surface of the cast strand.
- Two different parting agents such as oil and gas, may be fed separately or as a mixture.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,732,209 to Pechiney attempts to solve this problem by using a graphite ring on the inside of the mold.
- the porosity of the graphite ring is established so that a gas under pressure is forced from the outside through the open pores of the graphite material to the inside of the mold and thereby acts as a parting agent between the surface of the forming metal strand and the mold surface.
- this solution addresses the problem of controlling gas pressure, this solution cannot be applied to hard-to-cast alloys.
- the present invention is directed to a hot-top mold that permits different types of alloys, in particular hard-to-cast alloys, to be made with an improved surface quality.
- the present invention comprises a hot-top ring, which lies on top of a parting agent distributor and presses it against the surface of a mold.
- An overhang on the inner surface of the hot-top ring extends beyond the parting agent distributor in the downward direction of the movement of the strand and forms an annular gap with the running surface of the mold.
- a function ring is position on the inner surface of the mold and forms a function surface with the parting agent distributor through which gaseous and liquid parting agents are delivered.
- the hot top can be disassembled for use with different alloys.
- a gaseous parting agent and a liquid e.g. oil
- the parting agent distributor and function ring may produce a foam layer to be used as a parting agent which permits improved surface quality, particularly for hard-to-cast alloys.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a hot-top mold, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a representation of a hot-top mold used in strand casting, in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention.
- a hot-top mold 1 comprises an upper ring 1 a and a lower ring 1 b . Rings 1 a , 1 b are secured within the radially inside surface of an outer ring 4 which is releasably fastened to a mold 3 . Mold 3 surrounds at its inner surface a function ring 5 , whose upper end forms a function surface with a parting agent distributor 2 .
- a clamping ring 6 secures hot-top rings 1 a , 1 b , parting agent distributor 2 , mold 3 , and outer ring 4 .
- An activator ring 7 lies between outer ring 4 and the top section 2 a of parting agent distributor 2 .
- a bottom part 8 and pressure plate 9 compete the lower portion of mold 3 .
- Rings 1 a , 1 b of hot-top mold 1 are easy to assemble and disassemble, facilitating the quick exchange of different parting agent distributors and function rings according to the desired type of alloy.
- Loosening clamping ring 6 and outer ring 4 permits replacement of the parting agent distributor 2 and function ring 5 .
- Parting agent distributor 2 comprises a plate provided on both sides with radial channels.
- the cross sections of the channels may be in a ratio of 1:3 to 1:5 between top and bottom sides. This ratio is important for controlling the composition of the parting agent mixture.
- foam production is easily possible. Foam is especially effective as a highly viscous parting agent and permits an improved surface quality, particularly for hard-to-cast alloys.
- Function ring 5 includes surfaces facing the parting agent distributor 2 and the mold surface.
- Function ring 5 may comprise copper or copper alloys. It may also comprise ceramic, composite materials or graphite.
- the function ring surfaces form walls with a defined roughness for the channels formed by the parting agent distributor 2 . It is especially desirable if the function surface forms one wall face for the liquid-bearing channel. With a precisely adjusted surface roughness and temperature of the function surfaces, a defined change in the viscosity of the fluid parting agent can be achieved for producing a stable foam layer.
- a defined, tight porosity of function ring 5 and a specific density is chosen within narrow limits, such as a closed porosity of 0-20% and a density of 1.5-10 g/cc. Additional improvements in the stability of the parting agent foam can be achieved by cooling the function ring 5 in order to keep the viscosity properties on the function surfaces constant. The construction and manner of operation of the function surfaces and the cooling is further explained below.
- the top surface 2 a of parting agent distributor 2 is used preferably to form gas-carrying passages, and bottom surface 2 b of parting agent distributor 2 is used for a liquid parting agent.
- the passages incorporated into the upperside 2 a are connected to a pressurized gaseous medium, while the passages on the underside 2 b are connected to a pressurized liquid reservoir.
- the passages must be made with very great precision, which can be achieved by laser machining, a chemical etching method, or other techniques.
- the cross-sectional shape of the radial passages is important for the air content in the parting agent foam, and the surface area ratio of the passages is important for the formation of a parting agent foam distributed uniformly over the circumference.
- the lower radial passages be configured in the manner of a diffuser, with an approximately square cross section being given to the radially outward lying passage carrying parting agent distributor 2 , and also a rectangular cross section with a surface ratio of at least 1:2 formed on the radially inward lying exit side.
- the parting agent is formed with especially fine cells and hence it is strong, thereby reducing the liquid component of the parting agent.
- Function ring 5 is preferably cooled by arranging cooling passages 15 (See FIG. 2), in mold 3 , which extend into the area underneath parting agent distributor 2 and function ring 5 .
- This primary cooling zone a temperature is established for the optimum action of the parting agent.
- An adjoining secondary cooling zone permits a rapid removal of heat in the annular gap 14 through a foam layer 16 , since the cooling passages here run in the direction of the descent of the strand and lead into a slot nozzle.
- the pressure of the coolant is lowered, so that the coolant is in contact with the aluminum strand, thereby permitting heat dissipation.
- Lower ring 1 b has a thermal conductivity of approximately 1.5 to 2.0 times greater than that of upper ring 1 a .
- function surfaces are critical to the formation of a stable parting agent foam.
- the function surfaces are situated above and below the parting agent distributor as well as on the inside of the function ring 5 .
- the latter is in direct contact with the passages of the parting agent distributor 3 and cooperates in the formation of the foam.
- activator ring 7 which can be made of various materials, lies between outer ring 4 and the top 2 a of the parting agent distributor 2 . It thus covers the top of the passages made in parting agent distributor 2 . Its roughness values differ from those of the hot-top ring 1 b and can be adjusted to the particular requirements of the parting agent. At the same time, the thermal gradient of the parting agent distributor 2 underneath the hot-top 1 b can thereby be controlled.
- Mold 3 is supplemented by an outside ring 4 and a function ring 5 .
- a clamping ring 6 By means of a clamping ring 6 , the system parts are assembled together with the inclusion of an activator ring 7 .
- the mold 3 is completed by a bottom part 8 and a pressure plate 9 .
- FIG. 2 illustrates the basic construction of the hot-top mold.
- An annular gap 11 exists underneath the overhang of hot-top ring 1 b , the side walls of annular gap 11 being formed by the hot-top overhang and by the inside radius of the parting agent distributor 2 and by the function ring 5 .
- a stable parting agent foam 12 is formed, which develops as a continuous layer of foam between the mold 3 and the metal strand 10 .
- the viscosity of the parting agent is controlled by the surface roughness in the gas region as well as in the liquid region.
- the viscosity of the parting agent is the essential factor in the formation of the foam.
- the pressure and rate of flow of the delivered gaseous and liquid medium can be controlled, so that the composition of the parting agent foam can be regulated within wide limits.
- a controlled heat removal can be performed, or else an insulating effect can be produced with the parting agent. This is particularly advantageous for hard-to-cast alloys.
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to an apparatus for strand casting of molten metal, and more particularly, to a hot-top mold for improving the surface quality of hard-to-cast alloys.
- Strand casting, also known as continuous casting, involves a process in which molten metal is introduced into a mold. During its residence time in the mold, the metal solidifies in contact with the wall of the mold and can be drawn downward via a movable bottom portion of the mold. A reserve of molten metal is positioned above the mold. The reserve is also referred to as a feeder head or a “hot-top”. A parting agent, or release agent, is applied to the surface of the continuous casting being formed, such that direct contact with the surface of the mold is avoided, thereby facilitating easy removal of the casting. Parting agents may include mixtures of oils and gases. It is particularly desirable if the oil-gas mixture is first formed close to the mold.
- Hot-top molds of the kind described above are well known in the art. European Pat. No. EP 0566 865 to VAW discloses a hot-top mold where a parting agent, by way of a parting agent distributor, reaches the surface of the cast strand. Two different parting agents such as oil and gas, may be fed separately or as a mixture.
- Certain hard-to-cast alloys, such as aluminum alloys containing lead, zinc, tin and copper, pose casting problems that can result in poor surface quality. Recently, such alloys have been gaining importance in the production of special alloys and machining alloy stock, which are to be used at a high cutting speed.
- Another problem is the precise control of the gas pressure, which determines whether the parting agent reaches the entire surface of the metal strand. Pressure fluctuations can result in surface flaws, and pressure that is too high may pose a risk that gas might escape through the molten metal.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,732,209 to Pechiney attempts to solve this problem by using a graphite ring on the inside of the mold. The porosity of the graphite ring is established so that a gas under pressure is forced from the outside through the open pores of the graphite material to the inside of the mold and thereby acts as a parting agent between the surface of the forming metal strand and the mold surface. However, while this solution addresses the problem of controlling gas pressure, this solution cannot be applied to hard-to-cast alloys.
- The present invention is directed to a hot-top mold that permits different types of alloys, in particular hard-to-cast alloys, to be made with an improved surface quality.
- The present invention comprises a hot-top ring, which lies on top of a parting agent distributor and presses it against the surface of a mold. An overhang on the inner surface of the hot-top ring extends beyond the parting agent distributor in the downward direction of the movement of the strand and forms an annular gap with the running surface of the mold. A function ring is position on the inner surface of the mold and forms a function surface with the parting agent distributor through which gaseous and liquid parting agents are delivered.
- The hot top can be disassembled for use with different alloys. A gaseous parting agent and a liquid (e.g. oil) are introduced into the parting agent distributor. The parting agent distributor and function ring may produce a foam layer to be used as a parting agent which permits improved surface quality, particularly for hard-to-cast alloys.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a hot-top mold, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention; and
- FIG. 2 is a representation of a hot-top mold used in strand casting, in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention.
- As shown in FIG. 1, a hot-
top mold 1 comprises an upper ring 1 a and a lower ring 1 b. Rings 1 a, 1 b are secured within the radially inside surface of an outer ring 4 which is releasably fastened to amold 3. Mold 3 surrounds at its inner surface a function ring 5, whose upper end forms a function surface with a parting agent distributor 2. Aclamping ring 6 secures hot-top rings 1 a, 1 b, parting agent distributor 2,mold 3, and outer ring 4. An activator ring 7 lies between outer ring 4 and the top section 2 a of parting agent distributor 2. Abottom part 8 andpressure plate 9 compete the lower portion ofmold 3. - Rings1 a, 1 b of hot-
top mold 1 are easy to assemble and disassemble, facilitating the quick exchange of different parting agent distributors and function rings according to the desired type of alloy. Looseningclamping ring 6 and outer ring 4 permits replacement of the parting agent distributor 2 and function ring 5. - Parting agent distributor2 comprises a plate provided on both sides with radial channels. The cross sections of the channels may be in a ratio of 1:3 to 1:5 between top and bottom sides. This ratio is important for controlling the composition of the parting agent mixture. By matching the surface and channel cross sections, foam production is easily possible. Foam is especially effective as a highly viscous parting agent and permits an improved surface quality, particularly for hard-to-cast alloys.
- Function ring5 includes surfaces facing the parting agent distributor 2 and the mold surface. Function ring 5 may comprise copper or copper alloys. It may also comprise ceramic, composite materials or graphite. The function ring surfaces form walls with a defined roughness for the channels formed by the parting agent distributor 2. It is especially desirable if the function surface forms one wall face for the liquid-bearing channel. With a precisely adjusted surface roughness and temperature of the function surfaces, a defined change in the viscosity of the fluid parting agent can be achieved for producing a stable foam layer.
- It is advantageous if a defined, tight porosity of function ring5 and a specific density is chosen within narrow limits, such as a closed porosity of 0-20% and a density of 1.5-10 g/cc. Additional improvements in the stability of the parting agent foam can be achieved by cooling the function ring 5 in order to keep the viscosity properties on the function surfaces constant. The construction and manner of operation of the function surfaces and the cooling is further explained below.
- The top surface2 a of parting agent distributor 2 is used preferably to form gas-carrying passages, and bottom surface 2 b of parting agent distributor 2 is used for a liquid parting agent. The passages incorporated into the upperside 2 a are connected to a pressurized gaseous medium, while the passages on the underside 2 b are connected to a pressurized liquid reservoir. The passages must be made with very great precision, which can be achieved by laser machining, a chemical etching method, or other techniques. The cross-sectional shape of the radial passages is important for the air content in the parting agent foam, and the surface area ratio of the passages is important for the formation of a parting agent foam distributed uniformly over the circumference. It is preferred that the lower radial passages be configured in the manner of a diffuser, with an approximately square cross section being given to the radially outward lying passage carrying parting agent distributor 2, and also a rectangular cross section with a surface ratio of at least 1:2 formed on the radially inward lying exit side. Under these circumstances the parting agent is formed with especially fine cells and hence it is strong, thereby reducing the liquid component of the parting agent.
- Function ring5 is preferably cooled by arranging cooling passages 15 (See FIG. 2), in
mold 3, which extend into the area underneath parting agent distributor 2 and function ring 5. In this primary cooling zone, a temperature is established for the optimum action of the parting agent. An adjoining secondary cooling zone permits a rapid removal of heat in the annular gap 14 through a foam layer 16, since the cooling passages here run in the direction of the descent of the strand and lead into a slot nozzle. Here, the pressure of the coolant is lowered, so that the coolant is in contact with the aluminum strand, thereby permitting heat dissipation. Lower ring 1 b has a thermal conductivity of approximately 1.5 to 2.0 times greater than that of upper ring 1 a. - The formation of certain function surfaces is critical to the formation of a stable parting agent foam. The function surfaces are situated above and below the parting agent distributor as well as on the inside of the function ring5. The latter is in direct contact with the passages of the
parting agent distributor 3 and cooperates in the formation of the foam. - As an innovative and supplementing feature of the function surfaces, activator ring7, which can be made of various materials, lies between outer ring 4 and the top 2 a of the parting agent distributor 2. It thus covers the top of the passages made in parting agent distributor 2. Its roughness values differ from those of the hot-top ring 1 b and can be adjusted to the particular requirements of the parting agent. At the same time, the thermal gradient of the parting agent distributor 2 underneath the hot-top 1 b can thereby be controlled.
-
Mold 3 is supplemented by an outside ring 4 and a function ring 5. By means of aclamping ring 6, the system parts are assembled together with the inclusion of an activator ring 7. Themold 3 is completed by abottom part 8 and apressure plate 9. - FIG. 2 illustrates the basic construction of the hot-top mold. An
annular gap 11 exists underneath the overhang of hot-top ring 1 b, the side walls ofannular gap 11 being formed by the hot-top overhang and by the inside radius of the parting agent distributor 2 and by the function ring 5. Upon the introduction of gaseous and liquid parting agents within the volumetric ratio of the invention, a stableparting agent foam 12 is formed, which develops as a continuous layer of foam between themold 3 and themetal strand 10. - Initially, the viscosity of the parting agent is controlled by the surface roughness in the gas region as well as in the liquid region. The viscosity of the parting agent is the essential factor in the formation of the foam. Furthermore, the pressure and rate of flow of the delivered gaseous and liquid medium can be controlled, so that the composition of the parting agent foam can be regulated within wide limits. In turn, a controlled heat removal can be performed, or else an insulating effect can be produced with the parting agent. This is particularly advantageous for hard-to-cast alloys.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/951,950 US7204295B2 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2004-09-28 | Mold with a function ring |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10115999A DE10115999C2 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2001-03-30 | Mold with functional ring |
DE10115999.4-24 | 2001-03-30 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/951,950 Continuation-In-Part US7204295B2 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2004-09-28 | Mold with a function ring |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20020139508A1 true US20020139508A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
Family
ID=7679827
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/115,808 Abandoned US20020139508A1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-28 | Mold with a function ring |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020139508A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1245310B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3522731B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1203942C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE296697T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU783071B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2379460C (en) |
DE (2) | DE10115999C2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1245310T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2243611T3 (en) |
NO (1) | NO335708B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1245310E (en) |
RU (1) | RU2220021C2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW555602B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110048662A1 (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2011-03-03 | Gautschi Engineering Gmbh | Mold for the continuous casting of metal and a process for producing such a mold |
US20110100582A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2011-05-05 | Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. | Gas pressure controlled casting mold |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2711276C1 (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-01-16 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский федеральный университет" | Device for continuous casting and pressing |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4732209A (en) * | 1985-07-30 | 1988-03-22 | Aluminium Pechiney | Process and apparatus for top-feed casting of metals |
US5320159A (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1994-06-14 | Vaw Aluminum Ag | Continuous casting apparatus having gas and mold release agent supply and distribution plate |
US5325910A (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1994-07-05 | Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for continuous casting |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GR65264B (en) * | 1978-02-18 | 1980-07-31 | British Aluminium Co Ltd | Metal casting |
JPS5937140B2 (en) * | 1980-03-26 | 1984-09-07 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | Hot-top casting equipment |
JPS6039458B2 (en) * | 1980-09-08 | 1985-09-06 | 昭和軽金属株式会社 | Metal semi-continuous casting equipment |
JPH01138043A (en) * | 1987-11-26 | 1989-05-30 | Showa Denko Kk | Apparatus for continuously casting metal |
-
2001
- 2001-03-30 DE DE10115999A patent/DE10115999C2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-03-22 ES ES02006423T patent/ES2243611T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-22 AT AT02006423T patent/ATE296697T1/en active
- 2002-03-22 PT PT02006423T patent/PT1245310E/en unknown
- 2002-03-22 NO NO20021444A patent/NO335708B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-22 EP EP02006423A patent/EP1245310B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-22 DK DK02006423T patent/DK1245310T3/en active
- 2002-03-22 DE DE50203235T patent/DE50203235D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-27 CA CA002379460A patent/CA2379460C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-28 US US10/115,808 patent/US20020139508A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-28 AU AU29351/02A patent/AU783071B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-03-29 TW TW091106786A patent/TW555602B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-29 JP JP2002094743A patent/JP3522731B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-29 CN CNB021085285A patent/CN1203942C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-29 RU RU2002107965/02A patent/RU2220021C2/en active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4732209A (en) * | 1985-07-30 | 1988-03-22 | Aluminium Pechiney | Process and apparatus for top-feed casting of metals |
US5325910A (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1994-07-05 | Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for continuous casting |
US5320159A (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1994-06-14 | Vaw Aluminum Ag | Continuous casting apparatus having gas and mold release agent supply and distribution plate |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110048662A1 (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2011-03-03 | Gautschi Engineering Gmbh | Mold for the continuous casting of metal and a process for producing such a mold |
US8210235B2 (en) | 2007-09-12 | 2012-07-03 | Gautschi Engineering Gmbh | Mold for the continuous casting of metal and a process for producing such a mold |
US20110100582A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2011-05-05 | Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. | Gas pressure controlled casting mold |
US9561539B2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2017-02-07 | Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. | Gas pressure controlled casting mold |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK1245310T3 (en) | 2005-10-03 |
NO335708B1 (en) | 2015-01-26 |
ES2243611T3 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
JP3522731B2 (en) | 2004-04-26 |
EP1245310A2 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
CA2379460C (en) | 2006-10-24 |
NO20021444D0 (en) | 2002-03-22 |
DE10115999A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
AU2935102A (en) | 2002-10-03 |
EP1245310B1 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
CN1203942C (en) | 2005-06-01 |
PT1245310E (en) | 2005-10-31 |
NO20021444L (en) | 2002-10-01 |
EP1245310A3 (en) | 2003-05-02 |
DE10115999C2 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
AU783071B2 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
JP2002301547A (en) | 2002-10-15 |
RU2220021C2 (en) | 2003-12-27 |
CA2379460A1 (en) | 2002-09-30 |
DE50203235D1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
CN1386598A (en) | 2002-12-25 |
TW555602B (en) | 2003-10-01 |
ATE296697T1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: VAW ALUMINIUM AG, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SCHNEIDER, DR. -ING WOLFGANG;LANGEN, MANFRED;INSTONE, STEPHEN;REEL/FRAME:012763/0231 Effective date: 20020319 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: VAW ALUMINUM AG, GERMANY Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ADDRESS OF THE ASSIGNEE. DOCUMENT PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL 012763 FRAME 0231;ASSIGNORS:SCHNEIDER, DR.-ING. WOLFGANG;LANGEN, MANFRED;INSTONE, STEPHEN;REEL/FRAME:013257/0730 Effective date: 20020319 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: EXPRESSLY ABANDONED -- DURING EXAMINATION |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HYDRO ALUMINUM DEUTSCHLAND GMBH, GERMANY Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:VAW ALUMINUM AG;REEL/FRAME:016982/0439 Effective date: 20020610 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MAERZ-GAUTSCHI INDUSTRIEOFENANLAGEN GMBH, SWITZERL Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HYDRO ALUMINIUM DEUTSCHLAND GMBH;REEL/FRAME:017150/0569 Effective date: 20051212 |