US20020099250A1 - Extruded catalyst based on silica/alumina gel, and process for preparing it - Google Patents

Extruded catalyst based on silica/alumina gel, and process for preparing it Download PDF

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US20020099250A1
US20020099250A1 US10/036,349 US3634901A US2002099250A1 US 20020099250 A1 US20020099250 A1 US 20020099250A1 US 3634901 A US3634901 A US 3634901A US 2002099250 A1 US2002099250 A1 US 2002099250A1
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catalyst
silica
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Stefano Peratello
Carlo Perego
Giuseppe Bellussi
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/12—Silica and alumina
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
    • C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
    • C07C2/10—Catalytic processes with metal oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J35/63—Pore volume
    • B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J35/63—Pore volume
    • B01J35/635—0.5-1.0 ml/g
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C07C2521/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C07C2521/12—Silica and alumina

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a catalyst in extruded form, based on silica/alumina gel, and to the process for preparing it.
  • the invention also relates to the use of such a catalyst in olefin oligomerization processes.
  • silica/alumina gels of amorphous character, displaying catalytic activity
  • European patent application published with publication No. 160,145 discloses a process of alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons which uses a catalyst consisting of a silica/alumina gel, of amorphous character, with pore diameter typically comprised within the range of from 50 to 500 Angstrom, and with a ratio of silica to alumina typically comprised within the range of from 1:1 to 10:1.
  • European patent application No. 340,868 discloses a silica/alumina gel, amorphous at X rays, having a molar ratio of SiO 2 /AL 2 O 3 of from 30:1 to 500:1, with a specific surface area comprised within the range of from 500 to 1000 m 2 /g, a total pore volume of from 0.3 to 0.6 mL/g, and substantially free from pores with Larger diameter than 30 Angstrom.
  • the catalyst can be ground, so as to obtain powders consisting of particles with an average size comprised within the range of from 5 to 50 microns, and subsequently blending them with a thickener, for example, stearine, glycerol, methylcellulose.
  • a thickener for example, stearine, glycerol, methylcellulose.
  • the catalyst is ground and then is suspended, with vigourous stirring, in an aqueous solution of a soluble aluminum salt.
  • a base makes it possible aluminum hydroxide to be precipitated, with the catalyst particles getting embedded inside said precipitate particles.
  • a further method consists in mixing silica/alumina gel powders with a second powder selected from metal oxides in the presence of a thickener, for example, stearine, glycerol, methylcellulose.
  • the present invention relates to a catalyst consisting of:
  • a catalytically active portion constituted by a silica/alumina gel, amorphous at X rays, with SiO 2 /AL 2 O 3 being in a molar ratio comprised within the range of from 30:1 to 500:1, having a total pore volume comprised within the range of from 0.3 to 0.6 ml/g, and substantially free from pores having a longer average diameter than 30 Angstrom, characterized in that:
  • the inert binding agent is constituted by alumina grades belonging to the class of bohemite or of pseudobohemite.
  • aluminas used in the present invention as binding agents in order to extrude the silica/alumina gel have the general formula
  • bohemite or pseudobohemite have a shorter average diameter than 50 microns, and are present in a ratio to silica/alumina gel comprised within the range of from 0.2 to 2.5 by weight.
  • the catalyst according to the present invention is suitably prepared by means of a first mechanical mixing of the active phase,(i.e., of silica/alumina gel ground until a powder having a shorter average diameter than 50 microns, with the inert binding agent belonging to the class of bohemites or pseudobohemites, or mixtures thereof.
  • the mixing of the active phase with the inert binding agent is carried out in the presence of a Large enough amount of thickener as to produce a paste having the desired viscosity.
  • the mixing in continued until a homogeneous phase is formed.
  • the thickener may be water, an aqueous solution of methylcellulose, stearine, glycerol and so forth.
  • the thickener contains a mineral or organic acid in an amount comprised within the range of from 0.5 to 8 grams of acid per 100 g of inert binding agent. According to another form of practical embodiment, the acid is added to the paste and the resulting mixture is homogenized.
  • the extrudate is subsequently submitted to ageing at a temperature of from 10 to 40° C., and then to drying at 100-120° C.
  • the end step consists of the calcination in air at a temperature comprised within the range of from 500 to 600° C.
  • the catalyst obtained in that way displays a higher catalytic activity than of the silica/alumina gel used as the starting materials, and furthermore is useable at an industrial level, by having an axial I breaking strength comprised within the range of from 20 to 80 kg/cm 2 and a radial breaking strength comprised within the range of from 3 to 8.5 kg/cm.
  • Important features of the catalyst according to the present invention are the bimodal distribution of porosity, a surface area comprised within the range of from 300 to 600 m 2 /g, and a high acidity.
  • the catalyst according to the present invention can be suitably used in the usual petrochemical acid-catalysed reactions, such as alkylation, isomerization and oligomerization of light olefins, in particular of propylene.
  • the catalyst according to the present invention is very effective in the reaction of oligomerization of light olefins, in particular propylene, in order to yield hydrocarbon cuts showing extremely good qualities as gasoline and jet fuel.
  • the extrudate After performing the extrusion, the extrudate is submitted to a 4-hour ageing at room temperature, the aged extrudate is dried at 100° C. for 5 hours, and is calcined at 550° C. for 8 hours in air.
  • the catalyst shows a mechanical strength of 6.4 kg/cm in radial direction and of 42 kg/cm 2 in axial direction, and a specific surface area of 460 m 2 /g.
  • catalyst shape cylindrical extruded body
  • catalyst dimensions average diameter approximately 3 mm, average Length approximately 5 mm;
  • reactor type fixed bed
  • feed propylene/propane mixture in the ratio of 35:65 by weight
  • reactor temperature from 100 to 250° C.
  • reactor pressure from 30 to 50 bars
  • space velocity WHSV from 0.5 to 2 g of propylene per gram of active phase per hour.
  • the gasoline fraction displays the following characteristics: RON 96.8 MON 82.2 d 15 0.7478 C 1 -C 4 (% by weight) 1 13-80° C. (% by weight) 3.96 80-175° C. (% by weight) 42.32 175+ (% by weight) 45.72 Olefins (% by weight) 99 Saturated compounds (% by weight) 1 Aromatics (% by weight) 0
  • the jet fuel fraction displays the following characteristics: Aromatics, % by volume (ASTM D1319) 1.8 Freezing point, ° C. (ASTM D2386) 60 Smoke point, mm (ASTM D1322) 38 Gums, mg/100 ml (ASTM D381) 49 Flash point, ° C. (ASTM D3828) 38 Density at 15° C. (ASTM D1298) 0.7718 Distillation (ASTM D86): incipient boiling point (° C.): 140 10% by volume (° C.) 149 20% by volume (° C.) 157 50% by volume (° C.) 184 90% by volume (° C.) 264 end point (° C.): 304
  • catalyst shape cylindrical extruded body
  • catalyst dimensions average diameter approximately 3 mm, average length approximately 5 mm;
  • reactor type fixed bed
  • feed propylene/propane mixture in the ratio of 70:30 by weight
  • reactor temperature from 100 to 250° C.
  • reactor pressure 50 bars
  • space velocity WHSV 2 g of propylene per gram of active phase per hour.
  • the oligomerization productivity rate resulted to be of 900 g of oligomerized product per each gram of active catalyst portion.
  • Example 1 The resulting extrudate is tested as disclosed in Example 1 (Table 2). TABLE 2 WHSV Pressure Temperature Conversion h ⁇ 1 bar ° C. rate, % 2 30 140 3 1 30 140 4 1 40 140 5 1 50 150 8 0.5 40 150 15 0.5 40 160 22
  • the catalyst is also tested as disclosed in Example 2B, resulting in a productivity rate of 300 g of oligomers per each gram of catalytically active portion.
  • the data of catalytic activity sets forth the better performance of the catalyst according to the present invention as compared to the same catalyst without binding agent, as well as to the catalyst obtained by means of other techniques.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)

Abstract

The preparation is disclosed of an extruded catalyst based on a silica/alumina gel, which catalyst is particularly active in acid-catalyzed reactions, such as the oligomerization of light olefins, e.g., propylene.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a catalyst in extruded form, based on silica/alumina gel, and to the process for preparing it. The invention also relates to the use of such a catalyst in olefin oligomerization processes. [0001]
  • Some silica/alumina gels, of amorphous character, displaying catalytic activity, are known in the art. So, e.g., European patent application published with publication No. 160,145 discloses a process of alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons which uses a catalyst consisting of a silica/alumina gel, of amorphous character, with pore diameter typically comprised within the range of from 50 to 500 Angstrom, and with a ratio of silica to alumina typically comprised within the range of from 1:1 to 10:1. M. R. S. Manton and J. Davidtz in Journal of Catalysis, 60, 156-166 (1979) describe a process for the synthesis for amorphous silica/alumina catalysts, having a controlled pore diameter. Tipically, these catalysts display pores with diameter comprised within the range of from 3.7 to 15 nm. [0002]
  • European patent application No. 340,868 discloses a silica/alumina gel, amorphous at X rays, having a molar ratio of SiO[0003] 2/AL2O3 of from 30:1 to 500:1, with a specific surface area comprised within the range of from 500 to 1000 m2/g, a total pore volume of from 0.3 to 0.6 mL/g, and substantially free from pores with Larger diameter than 30 Angstrom.
  • However, the problem exists of rendering industrially useable the silica/alumina gel disclosed in the above said patent application by endowing it with adequate properties of mechanical strength, without endangering the high catalytic performance thereof. [0004]
  • Those skilled in the art are aware of the possible procedures for preparing extruded bodies having high enough mechanical strength values, with their catalytic performace being the same. Thus, for example, the catalyst can be ground, so as to obtain powders consisting of particles with an average size comprised within the range of from 5 to 50 microns, and subsequently blending them with a thickener, for example, stearine, glycerol, methylcellulose. [0005]
  • According to another route of preparation of the extruded catalyst, the catalyst is ground and then is suspended, with vigourous stirring, in an aqueous solution of a soluble aluminum salt. The addition of a base makes it possible aluminum hydroxide to be precipitated, with the catalyst particles getting embedded inside said precipitate particles. A further method consists in mixing silica/alumina gel powders with a second powder selected from metal oxides in the presence of a thickener, for example, stearine, glycerol, methylcellulose. [0006]
  • All of the techniques cited hereinabove should make it possible extrudates to be obtained, which are endowed with such a high mechanical strength as to enable them to be used at an industrial level, with the catalytic properties of silica/alumina gel remaining unchanged. [0007]
  • It has been found now that one of the above said techniques Leads to catalysts showing the necessary mechanical strength, but which, surprisingly, are more active in catalysing the usual petrochemical acid-catalysed reactions, such as alkylation, isomerization and oligomerization. [0008]
  • In accordance therewith, according to a first aspect thereof, the present invention relates to a catalyst consisting of: [0009]
  • an inert binding agent, and [0010]
  • a catalytically active portion, constituted by a silica/alumina gel, amorphous at X rays, with SiO[0011] 2/AL2O3 being in a molar ratio comprised within the range of from 30:1 to 500:1, having a total pore volume comprised within the range of from 0.3 to 0.6 ml/g, and substantially free from pores having a longer average diameter than 30 Angstrom, characterized in that:
  • the inert binding agent is constituted by alumina grades belonging to the class of bohemite or of pseudobohemite. [0012]
  • The aluminas used in the present invention as binding agents in order to extrude the silica/alumina gel have the general formula[0013]
  • A LO—OH.
  • In the preferred form of practical embodiment of the present invention, bohemite or pseudobohemite have a shorter average diameter than 50 microns, and are present in a ratio to silica/alumina gel comprised within the range of from 0.2 to 2.5 by weight. [0014]
  • The catalyst according to the present invention is suitably prepared by means of a first mechanical mixing of the active phase,(i.e., of silica/alumina gel ground until a powder having a shorter average diameter than 50 microns, with the inert binding agent belonging to the class of bohemites or pseudobohemites, or mixtures thereof. [0015]
  • The mixing of the active phase with the inert binding agent is carried out in the presence of a Large enough amount of thickener as to produce a paste having the desired viscosity. The mixing in continued until a homogeneous phase is formed. The thickener may be water, an aqueous solution of methylcellulose, stearine, glycerol and so forth. The thickener contains a mineral or organic acid in an amount comprised within the range of from 0.5 to 8 grams of acid per 100 g of inert binding agent. According to another form of practical embodiment, the acid is added to the paste and the resulting mixture is homogenized. [0016]
  • The resulting paste is then extruded and cylindrical bodies of catalyst are obtained, the dimensions of which may be varied as a function of the application requirements. [0017]
  • The extrudate is subsequently submitted to ageing at a temperature of from 10 to 40° C., and then to drying at 100-120° C. [0018]
  • The end step consists of the calcination in air at a temperature comprised within the range of from 500 to 600° C. [0019]
  • The catalyst obtained in that way displays a higher catalytic activity than of the silica/alumina gel used as the starting materials, and furthermore is useable at an industrial level, by having an axial I breaking strength comprised within the range of from 20 to 80 kg/cm[0020] 2 and a radial breaking strength comprised within the range of from 3 to 8.5 kg/cm.
  • Important features of the catalyst according to the present invention are the bimodal distribution of porosity, a surface area comprised within the range of from 300 to 600 m[0021] 2/g, and a high acidity.
  • The catalyst according to the present invention can be suitably used in the usual petrochemical acid-catalysed reactions, such as alkylation, isomerization and oligomerization of light olefins, in particular of propylene. [0022]
  • In particular, the catalyst according to the present invention is very effective in the reaction of oligomerization of light olefins, in particular propylene, in order to yield hydrocarbon cuts showing extremely good qualities as gasoline and jet fuel.[0023]
  • The following experimental examples are reported in order to illustrate the present invention in greater detail. [0024]
    • EXAMPLE 1 Catalyst Preparation
  • 40 g of AL—Si gel, prepared as disclosed in European patent application No. 340,868 is ground in a ball mill and then is micronized until a powder is obtained with an average distribution of particles comprised within the range of from 10 to 50 microns. To such a powder, 40 g of a commercial pseudobohemite (CATAPAL B-VISTA CHEMICAL COMPANY) is blended by means of a mechanical mixing procedure. Separately, an aqueous solution of methylcellulose (METOCEL FLUKA 64625) at 1% by weight is prepared and is acidified with 0.63 g of glacial CH3COOH (99.8% by weight). [0025]
  • The acidified aqueous methylcellulose solution (60-70 g) and the powder are now thoroughly mixed, until a homogeneous paste is obtained. [0026]
  • After performing the extrusion, the extrudate is submitted to a 4-hour ageing at room temperature, the aged extrudate is dried at 100° C. for 5 hours, and is calcined at 550° C. for 8 hours in air. [0027]
  • At the end of this operation, the catalyst shows a mechanical strength of 6.4 kg/cm in radial direction and of 42 kg/cm[0028] 2 in axial direction, and a specific surface area of 460 m2/g.
    • EXAMPLE 2A Propylene Oligomerization
  • The extruded catalyst obtained as disclosed in Example 1 was tested in the reaction of propylene oligomerization under the following operating conditions: [0029]
  • catalyst shape: cylindrical extruded body; [0030]
  • catalyst dimensions: average diameter approximately 3 mm, average Length approximately 5 mm; [0031]
  • reactor type: fixed bed; [0032]
  • reactor dimensions: inner diameter=36 mm, Length 600 mm; [0033]
  • feed: propylene/propane mixture in the ratio of 35:65 by weight; [0034]
  • reactor temperature: from 100 to 250° C.; [0035]
  • reactor pressure: from 30 to 50 bars; [0036]
  • space velocity WHSV: from 0.5 to 2 g of propylene per gram of active phase per hour. [0037]
  • The results are reported in Table 1. [0038]
    TABLE 1
    WHSV Pressure Temperature Conversion
    h−1 bar ° C. rate, %
    2   30 140 20
    1   30 140 30
    1   40 140 37
    1   50 150 52
    1   40 150 46
    0.5 40 150 65
    0.5 40 160 72
  • The product obtained from the oligomerization is then distilled, with a fraction useable as gasoline and a fraction useable as jet fuel being obtained. [0039]
  • The gasoline fraction displays the following characteristics: [0040]
    RON 96.8
    MON 82.2
    d15 0.7478
    C1-C4 (% by weight) 1
    13-80° C. (% by weight) 3.96
    80-175° C. (% by weight) 42.32
    175+ (% by weight) 45.72
    Olefins (% by weight) 99
    Saturated compounds (% by weight) 1
    Aromatics (% by weight) 0
  • The jet fuel fraction displays the following characteristics: [0041]
    Aromatics, % by volume (ASTM D1319) 1.8
    Freezing point, ° C. (ASTM D2386) 60
    Smoke point, mm (ASTM D1322) 38
    Gums, mg/100 ml (ASTM D381) 49
    Flash point, ° C. (ASTM D3828) 38
    Density at 15° C. (ASTM D1298) 0.7718
    Distillation (ASTM D86):
    incipient boiling point (° C.): 140
    10% by volume (° C.) 149
    20% by volume (° C.) 157
    50% by volume (° C.) 184
    90% by volume (° C.) 264
    end point (° C.): 304
    • EXAMPLE 2B Propylene Oligomerization
  • The extruded catalyst obtained as disclosed in Example 1 was tested in the reaction of propylene oligomerization under the following operating conditions: [0042]
  • catalyst shape: cylindrical extruded body; [0043]
  • catalyst dimensions: average diameter approximately 3 mm, average length approximately 5 mm; [0044]
  • reactor type: fixed bed; [0045]
  • reactor dimensions: inner diameter=36 mm, length=600 mm; [0046]
  • feed: propylene/propane mixture in the ratio of 70:30 by weight; [0047]
  • reactor temperature: from 100 to 250° C.; [0048]
  • reactor pressure: 50 bars; [0049]
  • space velocity WHSV: 2 g of propylene per gram of active phase per hour. [0050]
  • The oligomerization productivity rate resulted to be of 900 g of oligomerized product per each gram of active catalyst portion. [0051]
    • COMPARISON EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of a Catalytic Extrudate by Mixing Active Phase with a Thickener
  • 80 g of AL—Si gel, prepared as disclosed in European patent application No. 340,868, is ground in a ball mill and then is micronized until a powder is obtained which has an average particle distribution comprised within the range of from 10 to 50 microns. Such a powder is slowly added to 40 g of water-alcohol solution of methylcellulose (METOCEL FLUKA 64625) at 1% by weight, with an effective mechanical stirring. The resulting homogeneous paste is allowed to age for approximately 1 hour, then is extruded. The extrudate, having a size comprised within the range of from 3 to 5 mm, is firstly dried at 150° C. for 5 hours and then is calcined at 500° C. for 8-10 hours. At the end of this operation, the catalyst displays a low mechanical strength. [0052]
    • COMPARISON EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of a Catalytic Extrudate by Precipitation of Aluminum Hydroxide
  • 40 g of AL—Si gel, prepared as disclosed in European patent application No. 340,868, is ground in a ball mill and then is micronized until a powder is obtained which has an average particle distribution comprised within the range of from 10 to 50 microns. The powder is added to 905.6 g of an aqueous solution at 11.6% by weight of AL[0053] 2(SO4)3, kept vigorously stirred. NH4OH at 30% by weight is added, until a pH value of 9 is obtained. The resulting precipitate is washed and filtered repeatedly, until neutral. The resulting solid material, after being dried at 100° C. for 2 hours and calcined overnight at 500° C., is ground and micronized again until a granulometric distribution comprised within the range of from 10 to 50 microns is obtained. Such a powder is slowly added to 72 g of water-alcohol solution of methylcellulose (METOCEL FLUKA 64625) at 1% by weight, with an effective mechanical stirring. The resulting homogeneous paste is allowed to age for approximately 1 hour, then is extruded. The extrudate, having a size comprised within the range of from 3 to 5 mm, is firstly dried at 150° C. for 5 hours and then is calcined at 500° C. for 8-10 hours. At the end of this operation, the catalyst displays a mechanical strength of 1.4 kg/cm in radial direction and of 14 kg/cm2 in radial direction, and a specific surface area of 333 m2/g.
  • The resulting extrudate is tested as disclosed in Example 1 (Table 2). [0054]
    TABLE 2
    WHSV Pressure Temperature Conversion
    h−1 bar ° C. rate, %
    2   30 140  3
    1   30 140  4
    1   40 140  5
    1   50 150  8
    0.5 40 150 15
    0.5 40 160 22
  • The catalyst is also tested as disclosed in Example 2B, resulting in a productivity rate of 300 g of oligomers per each gram of catalytically active portion. [0055]
    • COMPARISON EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of Unbound Silica/alumina Gel
  • The catalyst, prepared as disclosed in European patent application No. 340,868 was tested for propylene oligomerization according to as disclosed in Example 2A. The results are reported in Table 3. [0056]
    TABLE 3
    WHSV Pressure Temperature Conversion
    h−1 bar ° C. rate, %
    2   30 140  3
    1   30 140  5
    1   40 140  6
    1   50 150 10
    0.5 40 150 20
    0.5 40 160 29
  • The data of catalytic activity sets forth the better performance of the catalyst according to the present invention as compared to the same catalyst without binding agent, as well as to the catalyst obtained by means of other techniques. [0057]

Claims (6)

1. Catalyst consisting of:
an inert binding agent, and
a catalytically active portion, constituted by a silica/alumina gel, amorphous at X rays, with SiO2/AL2O3 being in a molar ratio comprised within the range of from 30:1 to 500:1, having a total pore volume comprised within the range of from 0.3 to 0.6 mL/g, and substantially free from pores having a Longer average diameter than 30 Angstrom,
characterized in that:
the inert binding agent is constituted by alumina grades belonging to the class of bohemite or of pseudobohemite.
2. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that bohemite or pseudobohemite have an average diameter shorter than 50 microns, and are present in a ratio to silica/alumina gel comprised within the range of from 0.2 to 2.5 by weight.
3. Process for preparing the catalyst according to claims from 1 to 2, characterized in that the active portion is mixed with the inert phase, in the presence of a thickener containing a mineral or organic acid in an amount comprised within the range of from 0.5 to 8 g of acid per 100 g of inert binding agent, until a homogeneous paste is obtained which is subsequently extruded, yielding cylindrical bodies of catalyst which are eventually submitted to:
ageing at a temperature comprised within the range of from 10 to 40° C.;
drying at a temperature comprised within the range of from 100 to 120° C.;
calcination in air at a temperature comprised within the range of from 500 to 600° C.
4. Use of the catalyst according to claims from 1 to 2 in acid-catalyzed reaction.
5. Use of the catalyst according to claims from 1 to 2 in the oligomerization of light olefins.
6. Use of the catalyst according to claims from 1 to 2 in propylene oligomerization.
US10/036,349 1991-12-06 2001-11-09 Extruded catalyst based on silica/alumina gel, and process for preparing it Abandoned US20020099250A1 (en)

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Applications Claiming Priority (5)

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ITMI913276A IT1252647B (en) 1991-12-06 1991-12-06 EXTRUDED CATALYST BASED ON SILICA GEL AND ALUMINUM AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION
ITMI91A003276 1991-12-06
US07/985,552 US5342814A (en) 1991-12-06 1992-12-03 Extruded catalyst based on silica/alumina gel, and process for preparing it
US26964794A 1994-06-30 1994-06-30
US10/036,349 US20020099250A1 (en) 1991-12-06 2001-11-09 Extruded catalyst based on silica/alumina gel, and process for preparing it

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IT1265320B1 (en) * 1993-12-22 1996-10-31 Eniricerche Spa PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF CATALYTICALLY ACTIVE AMORPHOUS SILICON-ALUMIN
IT1269201B (en) * 1994-01-28 1997-03-21 Eniricerche Spa EXTRUDED CATALYST BASED ON SILICA GEL AND ALUMINUM
IT1276726B1 (en) 1995-06-15 1997-11-03 Eniricerche Spa MESOPOROUS ALUMINUM GEL AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION
EP0980908A1 (en) 1998-08-15 2000-02-23 ENITECNOLOGIE S.p.a. Process and catalysts for upgrading of hydrocarbons boiling in the naphtha range
IT1312337B1 (en) 1999-05-07 2002-04-15 Agip Petroli CATALYTIC COMPOSITION FOR UPGRADING OF HYDROCARBONS WITH BOILING POINTS IN THE NAFTA INTERVAL
EP1101813B1 (en) 1999-11-19 2014-03-19 ENI S.p.A. Process for the preparation of middle distillates starting from linear paraffins
FR2873116B1 (en) * 2004-07-15 2012-11-30 Inst Francais Du Petrole OLEFIN OLIGOMERIZATION METHOD USING SILICA-ALUMINATED CATALYST
IT1392194B1 (en) 2008-12-12 2012-02-22 Eni Spa PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS, USEFUL FOR AUTOTRUPTION, FROM MIXTURES OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN
IT1396939B1 (en) 2009-12-09 2012-12-20 Eni Spa USEFUL HYDROCARBURIC COMPOSITION AS FUEL OR FUEL
IT1403895B1 (en) 2010-12-29 2013-11-08 Eni Spa PROCESS AND CATALYTIC SYSTEM TO IMPROVE QUALITIES AS A HYDROCARBURIC MIXTURE FUEL

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US4238361A (en) * 1979-06-01 1980-12-09 Filtrol Corporation Ammoniated silica-alumina gel and catalyst containing the same and processes for producing same
JPS60187337A (en) * 1984-03-05 1985-09-24 Shokubai Kasei Kogyo Kk Preparation of hydrogenation catalyst for vacuum distilled gas oil
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US4708945A (en) * 1985-12-31 1987-11-24 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Catalysts comprising silica supported on a boehmite-like surface, their preparation and use
IT1219692B (en) * 1988-05-06 1990-05-24 Eniricerche Spa SILICA GEL AND CATALYTICALLY ACTIVE ALUMINUM AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION
US5051386A (en) * 1990-05-23 1991-09-24 Union Oil Company Of California Silica-alumina catalyst containing phosphorus

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EP0550922A1 (en) 1993-07-14
DE69210002D1 (en) 1996-05-23
DK0550922T3 (en) 1996-06-03
NO301967B1 (en) 1998-01-05
EP0550922B1 (en) 1996-04-17
NO924678L (en) 1993-06-07
US5342814A (en) 1994-08-30
ITMI913276A1 (en) 1993-06-06
DE69210002T2 (en) 1996-10-02
ITMI913276A0 (en) 1991-12-06
NO924678D0 (en) 1992-12-04
IT1252647B (en) 1995-06-20

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