US20020034301A1 - Network authentication - Google Patents
Network authentication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020034301A1 US20020034301A1 US09/928,491 US92849101A US2002034301A1 US 20020034301 A1 US20020034301 A1 US 20020034301A1 US 92849101 A US92849101 A US 92849101A US 2002034301 A1 US2002034301 A1 US 2002034301A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cryptographic module
- mobile communications
- communications device
- communications
- authentication
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
- H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
- H04L63/0442—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload wherein the sending and receiving network entities apply asymmetric encryption, i.e. different keys for encryption and decryption
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
- G06F21/31—User authentication
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
- G06F21/31—User authentication
- G06F21/32—User authentication using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voiceprints
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
- G06F21/31—User authentication
- G06F21/42—User authentication using separate channels for security data
- G06F21/43—User authentication using separate channels for security data wireless channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
- H04W12/065—Continuous authentication
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
- H04W12/069—Authentication using certificates or pre-shared keys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/08—Access security
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2221/00—Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F2221/21—Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/00 and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F2221/2103—Challenge-response
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
- H04L63/083—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using passwords
- H04L63/0838—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using passwords using one-time-passwords
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
- H04L63/0853—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using an additional device, e.g. smartcard, SIM or a different communication terminal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/16—Implementing security features at a particular protocol layer
- H04L63/166—Implementing security features at a particular protocol layer at the transport layer
Definitions
- This invention relates to the field of computer security, and in particular to the authentication of a user over a computer network.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,784,463 describes a system in which a computer system is secured against authorized access, while date exchanged by a user with the computer system is encrypted when it is sent over the public network.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,784,463 describes the use of an authentication token, which may be a hardware device or which may be a software module, which allows the user to authenticate himself to the remote computer.
- shared secret keys provide mutual authentication between the two users.
- the shared secret keys are generated only at the time of registration, and are distributed using a public key/private key cryptographic system.
- This system has the disadvantage that, before a computer user can take part in secure online transactions using the described system, he must obtain a separate authentication token. Further there is a cost associated with the distribution of such tokens, either to pay for the additional hardware, or to supply information for the software module.
- an existing communications device can be used as an authentication token.
- a communications device which has a cryptographic module for use in mobile communications can be used as an authentication token.
- the device may be a device which can operate under the Wireless Application Protocol, that is, a WAP-enabled device, such as a mobile phone.
- WAP-enabled devices include components which are used in public key/private key cryptographic systems as a part of their standard communication functions. These components therefore advantageously allow the device to be used as an authentication token when communicating with a remote server.
- the device can use Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) for mobile communications, and employs its cryptographic module when in use as an authentication token.
- WTLS Wireless Transport Layer Security
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a network in which the present invention can be implemented.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a first authentication method in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a second authentication method in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a system in accordance with the invention, which allows a user to communicate securely over the internet.
- the user has a WAP-enabled device, for example, a mobile phone 10 .
- the mobile phone 10 communicates over a wireless interface through a wireless modem 15 with a WAP Gateway 20 .
- the WAP Gateway 20 for example, converts signals between different protocols used over the wireless network and over the wired networks which are involved.
- the WAP Gateway 20 has an interface for connection to a Wireless Telephony Application (WTA) server 30 , which provides telephony-related functions, such as handling voice calls or text messages.
- WTA Wireless Telephony Application
- WAP-enabled devices One specific use of WAP-enabled devices is to access the internet, and in particular to access the information on web pages which are specifically designed for that purpose.
- the WAP Gateway 20 also includes an interface for connection to a Wireless Applications Environment (WAE) server 40 .
- WAE Wireless Applications Environment
- the WAE server 40 is in turn connected to the internet 50 .
- Data which may be accessed by a WAP-enabled device are stored on a web server 52 .
- the internet is made up of very many servers of this type, storing such information.
- WML Wireless Markup Language
- Wireless Transport Layer Security In order to provide security between the WAP-enabled client device 10 and the WAP Gateway 20 , Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) can be used. This provides confidentiality for users, by encrypting messages which are transmitted over the wireless interface, and also provides authentication, by means of digital certificates.
- WTLS Wireless Transport Layer Security
- the WAP-enabled device 10 includes a cryptographic module, which uses an embedded public key and private key on handshake for authentication, then generates symmetric session keys, which are used to encode messages before transmission and to decode received messages,
- the cryptographic module can be realised in hardware or in software in the phone 10 , or may be provided on an external smart card, or the phone 10 may also include a Wireless Identity Module (WIM) card, which is used to identify the subscriber.
- WIM Wireless Identity Module
- the cryptographic module of the phone and other features which are used to provide secure communication using the Wireless Application Protocol, also allow the phone 10 to be used as an authentication token for other communications.
- the cryptographic module is embodied in hardware
- the necessary information is provided on an integrated circuit in the device.
- WPKI Wireless Public Key Infrastructure
- WTLS Wireless Public Key Infrastructure
- authentication can take place at the WAP Gateway 20 using the device 10 as an authentication token, and can also take place at the modem 15 and/or at the web server 52 .
- the modem can have an associated authentication server 17
- the WAP Gateway can have an associated authentication server 22
- a web server 52 can have an associated authentication server 54 .
- the authentication server 54 associated with a web server 52 can be directly connected thereto, or (as shown in FIG. 1) can be connected thereto over the internet.
- Carrying out additional authentications in this way can provide additional security.
- using the device as an authentication token to carry out authentications at the WAP Gateway avoids the need for the user to enter a password, which increases the convenience for the user.
- FIG. 2 shows the operation of the device 10 as an authentication token in the WAP environment. This operation will be described here with reference to a situation in which the device 10 is authenticated to the authentication server 17 associated with the modem 15 . However, as mentioned above, authentication can take place in a similar way at many points in the network.
- step 70 the user starts the WAP browser software in the device 10 , and attempts to communicate through the modem 15 .
- the modem 15 requires authentication, and the device 10 detects this requirement at step 72 .
- the device verifies the identity of the user. As part of this procedure, the device gives a prompt to the user, asking the user to identify himself. One possibility is to require the user to enter a Personal Identification Number (PIN).
- PIN Personal Identification Number
- the device 10 can also use a form of biometrics to provide user authentication.
- the device 10 can include means for examining a physical feature which uniquely or nearly uniquely identifies a user, such as his fingerprints or voice recognition or another biometric technique, and allowing the user access to the system only if that physical feature is found to match the intended user.
- the token can authenticate itself to the modem 15 , at step 76 .
- the token performs the necessary calculations, and, at step 78 , information is provided to the WAP browser software, for example allowing it to respond to challenges from the authentication server 17 , or to generate a password based on offline information.
- Such an authentication procedure may be used in the WAP environment in many situations.
- the user may use the device 10 to authenticate himself to a bank machine, or to a further device which controls access to a building or area.
- the device 10 can be used as an authentication token when a user wishes to access the internet 50 using a personal computer 60 .
- a personal computer has the advantage, compared with current mobile devices, that it has a wider range of input options (such as a full size keyboard and a mouse), and has a larger display for retrieved data.
- the personal computer 60 is provided with a wired broadband connection to the internet 50 .
- Possible uses of a personal computer 60 in conjunction with the internet 50 , include retrieving data from servers to which there is intended to be restricted access, and carrying out online transactions, which may include transmitting confidential user information to a third party computer.
- the third party computer from which information is to be retrieved, or to which information is to be transmitted, has an associated authentication server 54 .
- FIG. 2 shows the PC connected to the internet 50 through a modem 56 , which has an associated authentication server 58 .
- the description below refers to authentication towards the authentication server, but the same procedure can be used to authenticate towards the authentication server 58 .
- Secure communications between the personal computer 60 and the authentication server 54 can then be achieved using an authentication token, as is generally known.
- the authentication token can use the cryptographic components of a device, which also uses those components in, for example, WTLS communications.
- FIG. 3 shows the operation of the device 10 as an authentication token in conjunction with the PC 60 .
- step 80 the user starts the application which requires authentication, and the authentication functionality of the device 10 is started.
- the device verifies the identity of the user.
- the user may be required to enter a Personal Identification Number (PIN), while, to provide an additional layer of security, the device 10 can also use a form of biometrics to provide user authentication.
- PIN Personal Identification Number
- the token can authenticate itself to the web server, at step 84 .
- the token uses the selected authentication protocol, the token performs the necessary calculations to generate the required passwords, and, at step 86 , information is sent to the authentication server 54 .
- the authentication server issues a challenge to the user.
- the authentication token encrypts the challenge with the user's private key, and returns it to the authentication server.
- the returned challenge is then decrypted by the authentication server with the user's public key, and the authentication server verifies that the decrypted challenge is the same as the original challenge.
- the necessary password can in effect be generated automatically by the WAP-enabled device 10 , using the public key infrastructure provided by the cryptographic module of the device, on the basis of the identity of the user confirmed by the wireless identity module in the device.
- the WAP-enabled device 10 can be used an authentication token for multiple authentication servers, including authentication servers from multiple manufacturers. All that is necessary is for an authentication server and the device 10 to be able to operate the same authentication protocols.
- the cryptographic module in the device can be used in any suitable method for generating passwords and encrypting communications, although use of Wireless Public Key Infrastructure is preferred.
- the WAP-enabled device allows the use of digital signatures, for the purposes of non-repudiation. This same functionality can also be re-used when the device is being used as an authentication token.
- connection between the personal computer 60 and the WAP-enabled mobile phone 10 .
- the connection may be wired, or, advantageously, communications between the personal computer 60 and mobile phone 10 can take place using the Bluetooth short-range radio transmission protocol.
- commands may be transferred to and from the device using the AT protocol.
- passwords which are generated in the mobile phone 10 acting a the authentication token are transferred to the personal computer 60 , and can be automatically sent to the authentication server.
- a manual operation is also possible, in which the necessary authentication calculations are carried out in the authentication token, and the required password or passwords are displayed on a screen of the device, and can be manually entered by the user through the keyboard of the personal computer, and can then be sent to the authentication server.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/928,491 US20020034301A1 (en) | 2000-08-15 | 2001-08-14 | Network authentication |
US11/261,177 US8165299B2 (en) | 2000-08-15 | 2005-10-28 | Network authentication |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0020095.6 | 2000-08-15 | ||
GB0020095A GB2366139B (en) | 2000-08-15 | 2000-08-15 | Network authentication |
US22689500P | 2000-08-23 | 2000-08-23 | |
US09/928,491 US20020034301A1 (en) | 2000-08-15 | 2001-08-14 | Network authentication |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/261,177 Division US8165299B2 (en) | 2000-08-15 | 2005-10-28 | Network authentication |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20020034301A1 true US20020034301A1 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
Family
ID=26244841
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/928,491 Abandoned US20020034301A1 (en) | 2000-08-15 | 2001-08-14 | Network authentication |
US11/261,177 Expired - Fee Related US8165299B2 (en) | 2000-08-15 | 2005-10-28 | Network authentication |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/261,177 Expired - Fee Related US8165299B2 (en) | 2000-08-15 | 2005-10-28 | Network authentication |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US20020034301A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1323323A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001283949A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002015626A1 (de) |
Cited By (39)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002015626A1 (en) | 2002-02-21 |
EP1323323A1 (de) | 2003-07-02 |
US8165299B2 (en) | 2012-04-24 |
AU2001283949A1 (en) | 2002-02-25 |
US20060053281A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
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