US20020017432A1 - Transmission - Google Patents
Transmission Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020017432A1 US20020017432A1 US09/472,856 US47285699A US2002017432A1 US 20020017432 A1 US20020017432 A1 US 20020017432A1 US 47285699 A US47285699 A US 47285699A US 2002017432 A1 US2002017432 A1 US 2002017432A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- partial vacuum
- oil
- pump
- transmission according
- gear transmission
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/048—Type of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
- F16H57/0493—Gearings with spur or bevel gears
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/027—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein characterised by means for venting gearboxes, e.g. air breathers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/19—Gearing
- Y10T74/19991—Lubrication
Definitions
- the invention relates to transmissions, and in particular for the drive of generators by turbines, in which the transmission casing is under a partial vacuum and the operation of the transmission is monitored and protected by special devices.
- It is therefore an object of the invention is to provide a transmission casing in which, at a low cost of the casing, a partial vacuum of predetermined size can be maintained and which ensures a high degree of operational safety.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of prior art transmission casing with an inner casting
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the basic structure of a design example according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 An exemplary prior art embodiment is shown in FIG. 1.
- a gear ( 26 ) Arranged in a main casing ( 28 ) is a gear ( 26 ) which meshes with a gear ( 27 ).
- An inner casing ( 29 ) adapted to the outside diameter of the gears ( 26 , 27 ) in a close-fitting manner, encloses this gear train.
- the inner casing is fastened to the main casing ( 29 ).
- a partial vacuum is produced in the interior space of the inner casing by means of a pump (not shown).
- the space between the inner casing ( 29 ) and the main casing ( 28 ) is under atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 2 shows the functional structure of a design example according to an embodiment of the invention.
- gears ( 10 , 11 ) Arranged in the transmission interior space ( 13 ) are gears ( 10 , 11 ), which intermesh at the meshing point ( 12 ).
- a partial vacuum is produced in the transmission interior space ( 13 ) by a vacuum pump ( 1 ) and is maintained for the operating period of the transmission.
- the partial vacuum is designated as the state in which there is still a slight air pressure in an interior space.
- the bearing region ( 14 ) of the casing is spatially separate from the transmission interior space ( 13 ) and is under atmospheric pressure.
- the bearings ( 15 ) inserted in the bearing region ( 14 ) are partitioned off from the partial vacuum of the transmission interior space ( 13 ) by seals ( 18 ).
- the exit points of the drive shaft and output shaft from the transmission casing are provided with oil seals ( 19 ) to prevent oil leakage.
- the meshing point ( 12 ) is lubricated by oil flows which are fed by oil sprinklers above and below the meshing point ( 12 ).
- the oil quantities for the feed of lubricating and cooling oil are delivered by devices (not shown) which are also able to feed additional cooling-oil quantities.
- the oil collecting in the sump is delivered out of the casing by the oil scavenge pump ( 2 ).
- the oil scavenge pump ( 2 ) is flanged to the casing wall and is driven by a gear ( 17 ) which is fastened to the pump shaft ( 16 ) and meshes with the gear ( 11 ) in the transmission interior space.
- the oil scavenge pump ( 2 ) is designed such that it is capable of delivering the additional cooling-oil quantity.
- This oil scavenge pump ( 2 ) may also be driven via an electric motor independent of the main transmission or directly by a shaft of the main transmission.
- a pressure switch ( 4 ) for monitoring the internal pressure and a level switch ( 3 ) for controlling the oil level are provided in the transmission interior space ( 13 )
- a solenoid valve ( 5 ) is provided in order to regulate the inflow of additional cooling oil, and a motor-actuated shut-off flap ( 8 ), for discharging an excess quantity of oil, opens an additional outflow passage to the oil flow. If a second switching stage of the level switch ( 3 ) is tripped-by a further rise in the oil level-oil flow is directed to the bursting disk ( 7 ) via a solenoid valve ( 6 ), and this oil flow destroys the bursting disk ( 7 ) and thus opens a further oil drain.
- the coordinated activation of the regulating devices and operation of the vacuum pump is effected by a battery-backed control unit ( 9 ). Due to the safety circuits in the control unit ( 9 ), if malfunctions are detected, the transmission continues to run automatically in normal operation, (i.e., under atmospheric pressure or with a poorer quality of partial vacuum).
- the control unit ( 9 ) controls the feed of additional cooling oil and the drawing-off or the discharge of the oil in these states affected by higher power loss.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
Abstract
A transmission for the drive of generators by turbines. The transmission casing is under a partial vacuum, and the operation of the transmission is monitored and protected by special safety devices.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The invention relates to transmissions, and in particular for the drive of generators by turbines, in which the transmission casing is under a partial vacuum and the operation of the transmission is monitored and protected by special devices.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- It is generally known that in high-speed transmissions, the aerodynamic losses, compared with the friction, are greater. To reduce these windage losses, the air surrounding the rotating gears is completely or partly removed from this region. For this purpose, DE 295 17 964 U1 proposes an inner casing which closely surrounds the gears and is kept under partial vacuum by means of a pump. The installation of an inner casing involves additional effort which results in high costs. The feeds for lubricating and cooling oil must be passed through the inner casing in a complicated manner and the lubricating-oil sprinklers must be fastened in the interior of the inner casing. In the event of malfunctions at the scavenge pump, due to the small distance between the inner casing and the gears, the oil sump may rise rapidly up to the tooth flanks and lead to sudden braking of a gear, which results in considerable damage to the entire plant. A special dedicated inner casing is to be provided for every variation in the transmission ratio of the transmission and the accompanying change in the gear diameters.
- It is therefore an object of the invention is to provide a transmission casing in which, at a low cost of the casing, a partial vacuum of predetermined size can be maintained and which ensures a high degree of operational safety.
- This and other objects of the invention are achieved by dispensing with the additional inner casing in an advantageous manner and such that the technical outlay otherwise associated therewith does not apply. Due to the unobstructed interior space, the optimum arrangement of lubricating-oil sprinklers and scavenge devices in the configuration of the casing according to the invention is possible without extra technical outlay.
- The variation of different transmission ratios in a transmission casing according to the invention is possible due to the omission of the close-fitting inner casing.
- The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of the disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages, and specific objects attained by its use, reference should be had to the drawing and descriptive matter in which there are illustrated and described preferred embodiments of the invention.
- The invention and the prior art are explained in more detail in the drawings, in which, in detail:
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of prior art transmission casing with an inner casting; and
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the basic structure of a design example according to the invention.
- An exemplary prior art embodiment is shown in FIG. 1. Arranged in a main casing (28) is a gear (26) which meshes with a gear (27). An inner casing (29), adapted to the outside diameter of the gears (26, 27) in a close-fitting manner, encloses this gear train. The inner casing is fastened to the main casing (29). A partial vacuum is produced in the interior space of the inner casing by means of a pump (not shown). The space between the inner casing (29) and the main casing (28) is under atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 2 shows the functional structure of a design example according to an embodiment of the invention. Arranged in the transmission interior space (13) are gears (10, 11), which intermesh at the meshing point (12). A partial vacuum is produced in the transmission interior space (13) by a vacuum pump (1) and is maintained for the operating period of the transmission. The partial vacuum is designated as the state in which there is still a slight air pressure in an interior space. The bearing region (14) of the casing is spatially separate from the transmission interior space (13) and is under atmospheric pressure. The bearings (15) inserted in the bearing region (14) are partitioned off from the partial vacuum of the transmission interior space (13) by seals (18). However, it is also possible to maintain the hydrodynamic lubricating function of the bearings (15) in the partial vacuum, so that in this case the seals (18) become superfluous. The exit points of the drive shaft and output shaft from the transmission casing are provided with oil seals (19) to prevent oil leakage. The meshing point (12) is lubricated by oil flows which are fed by oil sprinklers above and below the meshing point (12).
- The oil quantities for the feed of lubricating and cooling oil are delivered by devices (not shown) which are also able to feed additional cooling-oil quantities. The oil collecting in the sump is delivered out of the casing by the oil scavenge pump (2).
- The oil scavenge pump (2) is flanged to the casing wall and is driven by a gear (17) which is fastened to the pump shaft (16) and meshes with the gear (11) in the transmission interior space. The oil scavenge pump (2) is designed such that it is capable of delivering the additional cooling-oil quantity. This oil scavenge pump (2) may also be driven via an electric motor independent of the main transmission or directly by a shaft of the main transmission.
- The safe operation of the transmission is ensured by automatic monitoring and safety devices. To this end, a pressure switch (4) for monitoring the internal pressure and a level switch (3) for controlling the oil level are provided in the transmission interior space (13)
- As regulating devices for maintaining the operation in the event of a malfunction and for initiating safety measures in order to avoid damage to the transmission, a solenoid valve (5) is provided in order to regulate the inflow of additional cooling oil, and a motor-actuated shut-off flap (8), for discharging an excess quantity of oil, opens an additional outflow passage to the oil flow. If a second switching stage of the level switch (3) is tripped-by a further rise in the oil level-oil flow is directed to the bursting disk (7) via a solenoid valve (6), and this oil flow destroys the bursting disk (7) and thus opens a further oil drain.
- The coordinated activation of the regulating devices and operation of the vacuum pump is effected by a battery-backed control unit (9). Due to the safety circuits in the control unit (9), if malfunctions are detected, the transmission continues to run automatically in normal operation, (i.e., under atmospheric pressure or with a poorer quality of partial vacuum). The control unit (9) controls the feed of additional cooling oil and the drawing-off or the discharge of the oil in these states affected by higher power loss.
- The invention is not limited by the embodiments described above which are presented as examples only but can be modified in various ways within the scope of protection defined by the appended patent claims.
Claims (19)
1. A gear transmission running at least in a partial vacuum and having at least two intermeshing gears having gear shafts, the transmission comprising:
means for feeding at least one of a lubricating and a cooling oil into a meshing point of the gears;
bearings carrying the gear shafts and having seals, said seals partially adjoining the partial vacuum; or being located entirely in the partial vacuum
a first sensor disposed in the partial vacuum and adapted to record a pressure of the partial vacuum, said first sensor activating at least one of a plurality of safety devices in response to a detected deviation of pressure from a preset pressure range, said plurality of safety devices comprising at least one from a group consisting of additional oil cooling, opening a shut-off flap and turning off a vacuum pump;
a second sensor arranged in the partial vacuum and adapted to detect an oil quantity, said second sensor activating at least one of a further plurality of safety devices in response to the detected oil quantity, wherein said at least one of a further plurality of safety devices comprises draining oil via an additional oil drain.
2. The gear transmission according to claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one vacuum pump for producing the partial vacuum; and
at least one further pump for drawing off oil from the partial vacuum.
3. The gear transmission according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one pump adapted to evacuate air to produce the partial vacuum and to draw off oil from the partial vacuum.
4 The gear transmission according to claim 2 , wherein said at least one further pump further comprises a pump shaft and a gear arranged on the pump shaft and meshed with the one of the at least two gears of the transmission.
5. The gear transmission according to claim 2 , further comprising at least one motor for driving said pumps.
6. The gear transmission according to claim 1 , further comprising a battery-backed control unit for controlling said safety devices.
7. The gear transmission according to claim 1 , wherein said second sensor comprises two switching stages, each switching stage being adapted to actuate different safety devices in accordance with the oil quantity in the casing.
8. The gear transmission according to claim 1 , further comprising a bursting disk adapted to direct oil flow for the additional oil drain.
9. The gear transmission according to claim 3 , wherein said at least one pump further comprises a pump shaft and a gear arranged on the pump shaft and meshed with the one of the at least two gears of the transmission.
10. The gear transmission according to claim 3 , further comprising at least one motor for driving said at least one pump.
11. A gear transmission running at least in a partial vacuum and having at least two intermeshing gears having gear shafts, the transmission comprising:
means for feeding at least one of a lubricating and a cooling oil into a meshing point of the gears;
bearings carrying the gear shafts and having seals, said seals being located entirely in the partial vacuum
a first sensor disposed in the partial vacuum and adapted to record a pressure of the partial vacuum, said first sensor activating at least one of a plurality of safety devices in response to a detected deviation of pressure from a preset pressure range, said plurality of safety devices comprising at least one from a group consisting of additional oil cooling, opening a shut-off flap and turning off a vacuum pump;
a second sensor arranged in the partial vacuum and adapted to detect an oil quantity, said second sensor activating at least one of a further plurality of safety devices in response to the detected oil quantity, wherein said at least one of a further plurality of safety devices comprises draining oil via an additional oil drain.
12. The gear transmission according to claim 11 , further comprising:
at least one vacuum pump for producing the partial vacuum; and
at least one further pump for drawing off oil from the partial vacuum.
13. The gear transmission according to claim 11 , further comprising at least one pump adapted to evacuate air to produce the partial vacuum and to draw off oil from the partial vacuum.
14. The gear transmission according to claim 12 , wherein said at least one further pump further comprises a pump shaft and a gear arranged on the pump shaft and meshed with the one of the at least two gears of the transmission.
15. The gear transmission according to claim 12 , further comprising at least one motor for driving said pumps.
16. The gear transmission according to claim 11 , further comprising a battery-backed control unit for controlling said safety devices.
17. The gear transmission according to claim 11 , wherein said second sensor comprises two switching stages, each switching stage being adapted to actuate different safety devices in accordance with the oil quantity in the casing.
18. The gear transmission according to claim 11 , further comprising a bursting disk adapted to direct oil flow for the additional oil drain.
19. The gear transmission according to claim 13 , wherein said at least one pump further comprises a pump shaft and a gear arranged on the pump shaft and meshed with the one of the at least two gears of the transmission.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19860353 | 1998-12-28 | ||
DE19860353A DE19860353C1 (en) | 1998-12-28 | 1998-12-28 | transmission |
DE19860353.3 | 1998-12-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20020017432A1 true US20020017432A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
US6374949B2 US6374949B2 (en) | 2002-04-23 |
Family
ID=7892862
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/472,856 Expired - Lifetime US6374949B2 (en) | 1998-12-28 | 1999-12-27 | Transmission |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6374949B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1016809B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19860353C1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170068534A1 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2017-03-09 | Soft Machines, Inc. | Allocation of a segmented interconnect to support the execution of instruction sequences by a plurality of engines |
US10094466B2 (en) * | 2015-04-18 | 2018-10-09 | Renk Aktiengesellschaft | Gear unit |
JP2018538486A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-12-27 | フォイト パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングVOITH PATENT GmbH | Cylindrical gear transmission mechanism |
Families Citing this family (15)
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EP1217261B1 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2010-02-17 | Sew-Eurodrive GmbH & Co. KG | Optimization of the time intervals for oil change of a transmission |
DE10259142B4 (en) | 2002-03-05 | 2022-03-31 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co Kg | Drive Component and Method |
US7144349B2 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2006-12-05 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Gas turbine gearbox |
DE102009034193A1 (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-02-03 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Turbo compound system for a drive device |
ES2496417T3 (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2014-09-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gear for industrial applications or wind power installations |
US8951157B2 (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2015-02-10 | Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. | Aircraft gearbox gaseous cooling system |
JP6538827B2 (en) | 2014-05-23 | 2019-07-03 | フォイト パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングVOITH PATENT GmbH | Cylindrical gear transmission |
DE102014008116A1 (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2015-12-03 | Bomag Gmbh | METHOD FOR THE LUBRICANT SUPPLY OF A GEARBOX, GEAR LUBRICATION DEVICE, GEAR UNIT AND CONSTRUCTION MACHINE |
DE102015007551A1 (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2016-12-22 | Renk Aktiengesellschaft | Transmission for a drive arrangement of a work machine and drive arrangement of a work machine |
DE102015221234A1 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Spur gears |
DE102016209549A1 (en) | 2016-06-01 | 2017-12-07 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Spur gears |
DE102019103877A1 (en) | 2019-02-15 | 2020-08-20 | Joma-Polytec Gmbh | Pump device for a transmission and transmission with such a pump device |
EP4124780A1 (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2023-02-01 | General Electric Company | Oil supply system with vacuum pump for transmission of drive system |
EP4345340A1 (en) | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-03 | Flender-Graffenstaden S.A.S. | Gearbox arrangement providing partial vacuum within a gearbox device as well as method of efficiently providing and maintaining partial vacuum |
DE102022132065B3 (en) | 2022-12-02 | 2023-11-09 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Transmission for a motor vehicle |
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US4192203A (en) * | 1978-02-01 | 1980-03-11 | Alvin Dailey | Variable gear ratio transmission |
US4322030A (en) * | 1979-03-14 | 1982-03-30 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Lubrication and cooling system for a high speed ultracentrifuge drive assembly |
JPS569636A (en) * | 1979-07-02 | 1981-01-31 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Temperature controller for internal combustion engine |
FR2599108B1 (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1990-08-17 | Alcatel Espace | LARGE TRAVEL DRIVE MECHANISM FOR VACUUM USE COMPRISING A REDUCER WHICH HAS BEEN DRIVEN LUBRICATION TREATMENTS |
US4848518A (en) * | 1988-05-20 | 1989-07-18 | Am International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for preventing fluid leakage from a gear case |
US4872530A (en) * | 1988-08-15 | 1989-10-10 | Burgess And Associates Manufacturing, Inc. | Self-lubricating centrifugal drilling mud degasser |
JP2731240B2 (en) * | 1989-05-25 | 1998-03-25 | 富士重工業株式会社 | Oil sensor |
DE3925412A1 (en) | 1989-08-01 | 1991-02-07 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | VEHICLE OR DEVICE DRIVE DEVICE |
US5147015A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1992-09-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Seal oil temperature control method and apparatus |
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US5310020A (en) * | 1993-06-09 | 1994-05-10 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Self contained lubricating oil system for a centrifugal compressor |
CH688524A5 (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1997-10-31 | Maag Getriebe Ag | Oil-lubricated and -cooled gearbox |
CH688630A5 (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1997-12-15 | Maag Getriebe Ag | Gear transmission. |
DE19525102C2 (en) * | 1995-06-29 | 1999-06-10 | Mannesmann Ag | Device for reducing the ventilation losses of a high-speed gear transmission |
JP3698855B2 (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 2005-09-21 | ナブテスコ株式会社 | Rotating motion transmission device |
US5921350A (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1999-07-13 | Tsai; Wei-Che | Multi-purpose lubricating oil feeding machine control apparatus |
-
1998
- 1998-12-28 DE DE19860353A patent/DE19860353C1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-12-23 DE DE59908017T patent/DE59908017D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-23 EP EP99125715A patent/EP1016809B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1999-12-27 US US09/472,856 patent/US6374949B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170068534A1 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2017-03-09 | Soft Machines, Inc. | Allocation of a segmented interconnect to support the execution of instruction sequences by a plurality of engines |
US10094466B2 (en) * | 2015-04-18 | 2018-10-09 | Renk Aktiengesellschaft | Gear unit |
JP2018538486A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-12-27 | フォイト パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングVOITH PATENT GmbH | Cylindrical gear transmission mechanism |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1016809A3 (en) | 2002-03-20 |
US6374949B2 (en) | 2002-04-23 |
EP1016809B1 (en) | 2003-12-10 |
DE19860353C1 (en) | 2000-06-21 |
DE59908017D1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
EP1016809A2 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
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