US20020017123A1 - Method for forging a metallic workpiece - Google Patents
Method for forging a metallic workpiece Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020017123A1 US20020017123A1 US09/888,270 US88827001A US2002017123A1 US 20020017123 A1 US20020017123 A1 US 20020017123A1 US 88827001 A US88827001 A US 88827001A US 2002017123 A1 US2002017123 A1 US 2002017123A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- forging
- workpiece
- tools
- stroke
- angularly offset
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
- B21J7/02—Special design or construction
- B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for forging a metallic workpiece with at least four forging tools which are mutually opposite in pairs and are angularly offset against one another about the forging axis, according to which the workpiece is deformed under prevention of any lateral flow during each forging stroke by the simultaneously deforming forging tools which enclose the workpiece cross section, and is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure all over.
- the forging of a metallic workpiece, especially a continuously cast workpiece is to substantially close the blowholes and pores occurring during the solidification of the molten metal and reduce the occurring segregations on the one hand, and on the other hand to break up the solidification structure with its coarse crystal structure and transfer the same to a compact grained state, with the build-up of an all-over hydrostatic pressure being responsible for the compression and thus for the elimination of cavities and a consistent deformation with its destruction of the coarse crystal structure for a re-crystallization and the dependent improvement of the structure.
- the known forging methods can be principally broken down into the two-hammer and the four-hammer method, with the workpiece being forged in the two-hammer method between two forging tools which deform relative to one another and in the four-hammer method between at least four simultaneously forging tools which are disposed mutually opposite in pairs and are mutually angularly offset about the forging axis.
- the forging tools enclose the workpiece during each forging stroke, thus substantially preventing any lateral flow and the material deformation substantially leading to an elongation of the workpiece, so that due to the weak kneading effect it also only possible to achieve a slight improvement in the structure.
- the deformation which occurs substantially in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece different mechanical properties of the material are obtained in the longitudinal and lateral direction. Particularly the impact value decreases in the lateral direction.
- a high hydrostatic pressure is built up by the forging tools which enclose the workpiece cross section all over, which ensures outstandingly dense forging.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method of the kind mentioned above which combines in a rational manner the advantages of the two-and four-hammer method and ensures during the forging of a workpiece both a desired improvement of the structure as well as a sufficiently dense forging.
- the invention achieves this object in such a way that the workpiece, prior to the final enclosure of the workpiece cross section and the consequent deformation obstructing the lateral flow, is deformed during each forging stroke by an uneven deformation effect of the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools in addition with an at least reduced obstruction to lateral flow.
- a deformation with an obstruction to lateral flow and high hydrostatic pressure build-up and a workpiece deformation without any stronger obstruction to lateral flow with an only lower hydrostatic pressure build-up.
- the last zone during the exit of the material from the forging tools will preferably be a zone with deformation obstructing lateral flow in order to enable the calibration of the exiting workpiece.
- the forging tools can be provided with respectively adjusted impact surface shapes and the movement sequences of the forging tools can be influenced in a suitable manner. It is understood that the two measures can also be combined with one another.
- the uneven deformation effect of the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools is achieved by using forging tools with differently shaped impact surfaces which converge into the same end cross section, however, as a result of which the one pair of tools with impact surfaces which are bulged in comparison with the impact surfaces of the other pair of tools touches down at first on the workpiece during synchronous forging tool movements and can deform the material in the zone of said bulging with free lateral flow in the time until the later touchdown of the other pair of tools.
- the end cross section of the impact surfaces which is the same in all tools then finally not only leads to the build-up of a high hydrostatic pressure all over, but also to the calibration of the workpiece leaving the tools.
- the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools which can also be provided with an identical arrangement, are subjected to a different stroke movement which can each be triggered per se, the unevenness of the deformation effect of said pairs of tools can be varied within wide ranges and be adjusted to the respective forging conditions.
- FIG. 1. 1 to FIG. 1. 4 show the performance of the forging method according to the invention on the basis of four tool positions during the forging stroke in a crosssectional view along line I-I in FIG. 3 and 4 ;
- FIG. 2. 1 to FIG. 2. 3 show a modified mode of operation according to this forging method on the basis of three tool positions in a forging stroke also in a crosssectional view along line I-I in FIG. 3 and 4 ;
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show axial sectional views along lines III-III and IV-IV of FIG. 1. 4 and 2 . 3 , respectively, and
- FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view along line V-V of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.
- the workpiece W is deformed by the forging tools 1 , 2 enclosing the workpiece cross section during each forging stroke by obstructing lateral flow and subjected to a hydrostatic pressure all over, so that favorable dense forging occurs.
- the workpiece W prior to the final enclosure of the workpiece cross section and the thus linked deformation that prevents lateral flow, is additionally deformed during each forging stroke by an uneven deformation effect of the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools 1 , 2 with at least a reduced obstruction to lateral flow.
- pairs of forging tools 1 , 2 with differently shaped impact surfaces 3 , 4 which converge into the same end cross section, however, as a result of which the one pair of tools 1 with its impact surfaces 3 which are bulged as compared with the other pair of tools 2 touches down first on the workpiece W during synchronous forging tool movements and can deform the material of the workpiece W in the zone 5 of said bulging with free lateral flow (FIG. 1. 2 , FIG. 1. 3 ) in the time until the later touchdown of the other pair of tools 2 .
- FIGS. 2. 1 to 2 . 3 Another possibility of such an uneven deformation effect is obtained (as is indicated in FIGS. 2. 1 to 2 . 3 ) when the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools 1 , 2 are stroke-moved with a different stroke height (FIG. 2. 1 , FIG. 2. 2 ) from the same lower dead center position (FIG. 2. 3 ), as a result of which there is again an uneven immersion of the forging tools in the workpiece W.
- This method with different stroke height can be performed with forging tools 1 , 2 both of similarly and also differently arranged impact surfaces 3 , 4 .
- the end of the forging stroke (FIG. 1. 4 , 2 . 3 ) then also leads during each forging stroke to a high hydrostatic pressure all over due to the tools enclosing the workpiece cross section, which hydrostatic pressure ensures the respective dense forging.
- a zone 6 which obstructs lateral flow and with calibrating deformation will be provided at the exit of the workpiece from the forging tools.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
During the forging of a metallic workpiece (W) with at least four forging tools (1, 2) which are mutually opposite in pairs and are mutually angularly offset about the forging axis (S), the workpiece (W) is deformed under prevention of any lateral flow during each forging stroke by the deforming forging tools (1, 2) which enclose the workpiece cross section and is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure all over. In order to achieve in addition to the favorable dense forging due to the hydrostatic pressure Iall over a kneading effect for the desired improvement of the structure, the workpiece (W), prior to the final enclosure of the workpiece cross section and the consequent deformation obstructing the lateral flows is deformed during each forging stroke by an uneven deformation effect of the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools (1, 2) in addition with an at least reduced obstruction to lateral flow.
Description
- The invention relates to a method for forging a metallic workpiece with at least four forging tools which are mutually opposite in pairs and are angularly offset against one another about the forging axis, according to which the workpiece is deformed under prevention of any lateral flow during each forging stroke by the simultaneously deforming forging tools which enclose the workpiece cross section, and is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure all over.
- The forging of a metallic workpiece, especially a continuously cast workpiece, is to substantially close the blowholes and pores occurring during the solidification of the molten metal and reduce the occurring segregations on the one hand, and on the other hand to break up the solidification structure with its coarse crystal structure and transfer the same to a compact grained state, with the build-up of an all-over hydrostatic pressure being responsible for the compression and thus for the elimination of cavities and a consistent deformation with its destruction of the coarse crystal structure for a re-crystallization and the dependent improvement of the structure.
- The known forging methods can be principally broken down into the two-hammer and the four-hammer method, with the workpiece being forged in the two-hammer method between two forging tools which deform relative to one another and in the four-hammer method between at least four simultaneously forging tools which are disposed mutually opposite in pairs and are mutually angularly offset about the forging axis.
- According to the two-hammer method, an unobstructed lateral flow of the workpiece occurs during each forging stroke through the forging tools which act only upon two mutually opposite sides of the workpiece, so that this material is strongly deformed and kneaded and only a low hydrstatic pressure is allowed to build up. This two-hammer method leads therefore to a very favorable improvement of the structure as a result of the re-crystallization initiated with the deformation. However, a respective dense forging will only occur after several forging passes due to lack of a higher hydrostatic pressure, i.e. only after large quality losses.
- According to the four-hammer method, according to which the same forging tools operate synchronously in the forging plane, the forging tools enclose the workpiece during each forging stroke, thus substantially preventing any lateral flow and the material deformation substantially leading to an elongation of the workpiece, so that due to the weak kneading effect it also only possible to achieve a slight improvement in the structure. Moreover, as a result of the deformation which occurs substantially in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece, different mechanical properties of the material are obtained in the longitudinal and lateral direction. Particularly the impact value decreases in the lateral direction. However, a high hydrostatic pressure is built up by the forging tools which enclose the workpiece cross section all over, which ensures outstandingly dense forging.
- The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method of the kind mentioned above which combines in a rational manner the advantages of the two-and four-hammer method and ensures during the forging of a workpiece both a desired improvement of the structure as well as a sufficiently dense forging.
- The invention achieves this object in such a way that the workpiece, prior to the final enclosure of the workpiece cross section and the consequent deformation obstructing the lateral flow, is deformed during each forging stroke by an uneven deformation effect of the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools in addition with an at least reduced obstruction to lateral flow.
- Before the workpiece cross section is fully enclosed during forging by the forging tools, it can be kneaded and fulled in a concentrated manner within a suitable passage zone due to a respective uneven deformation effect of the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools, because in this passage zone the pairs of forging tools do not grasp and process the workpiece cross section in an even manner, but instead the one pair of forging tools advances in its working effect to the other pair(s) of forging tools and therefore there is only a reduced obstruction to the lateral flow or no obstruction whatsoever. During each forging stroke there is an indepth deformation as a precondition for the desired re-crystallization of the material. The complete enclosure of the workpiece cross section by the forging tools at the end of the forging stroke or in the zone of the end cross section of the forging tools also leads in each forging stroke to a high hydrostatic pressure which acts all over and ensures the respective dense forging. Although the achievable level of the hydrostatic pressure remains lower than the one achieved during the conventional four-hammer method, it is still sufficient to eliminate the cavities in the workpiece which are caused by the casting. The omission of excessive hydrostatic pressure levels allows in contrast to the known four-hammer method the structure-improving workpiece deformation with a lacking or lower obstruction to lateral flow. Relevant for the method is therefore the combination of a deformation with an obstruction to lateral flow and high hydrostatic pressure build-up and a workpiece deformation without any stronger obstruction to lateral flow with an only lower hydrostatic pressure build-up. There can be different zones of said types of deformation in the pass-through direction depending on the workpiece and material as a result of the forging tools. Merely the last zone during the exit of the material from the forging tools will preferably be a zone with deformation obstructing lateral flow in order to enable the calibration of the exiting workpiece.
- In order to achieve the adjacency of deformations with stronger or lower obstruction to lateral flow, the forging tools can be provided with respectively adjusted impact surface shapes and the movement sequences of the forging tools can be influenced in a suitable manner. It is understood that the two measures can also be combined with one another.
- The uneven deformation effect of the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools is achieved by using forging tools with differently shaped impact surfaces which converge into the same end cross section, however, as a result of which the one pair of tools with impact surfaces which are bulged in comparison with the impact surfaces of the other pair of tools touches down at first on the workpiece during synchronous forging tool movements and can deform the material in the zone of said bulging with free lateral flow in the time until the later touchdown of the other pair of tools. The end cross section of the impact surfaces which is the same in all tools then finally not only leads to the build-up of a high hydrostatic pressure all over, but also to the calibration of the workpiece leaving the tools.
- A further possibility of an uneven deformation effect is obtained when the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools are stroke-moved with a different stroke height from the same lower dead center position, as a result of which there is an uneven immersion in the workpiece despite the simultaneous deformation of the forging tools. The joint lower dead center position again produces the required high hydrostatic pressure and the desired workpiece calibration.
- If the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools, which can also be provided with an identical arrangement, are subjected to a different stroke movement which can each be triggered per se, the unevenness of the deformation effect of said pairs of tools can be varied within wide ranges and be adjusted to the respective forging conditions.
- The subject matter of the invention is shown schematically in the drawings, wherein:
- FIG. 1.1 to FIG. 1.4 show the performance of the forging method according to the invention on the basis of four tool positions during the forging stroke in a crosssectional view along line I-I in FIG. 3 and 4;
- FIG. 2.1 to FIG. 2.3 show a modified mode of operation according to this forging method on the basis of three tool positions in a forging stroke also in a crosssectional view along line I-I in FIG. 3 and 4;
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show axial sectional views along lines III-III and IV-IV of FIG. 1.4 and 2.3, respectively, and
- FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view along line V-V of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.
- For the purpose of forging a metallic workpiece W with at least four
forging tools forging tools forging tools - For this purpose, as is indicated in FIGS. 1.1 to 1.4 for example, pairs of
forging tools impact surfaces tools 1 with itsimpact surfaces 3 which are bulged as compared with the other pair oftools 2 touches down first on the workpiece W during synchronous forging tool movements and can deform the material of the workpiece W in thezone 5 of said bulging with free lateral flow (FIG. 1.2, FIG. 1.3) in the time until the later touchdown of the other pair oftools 2. - Another possibility of such an uneven deformation effect is obtained (as is indicated in FIGS. 2.1 to 2.3) when the mutually angularly offset pairs of
forging tools forging tools impact surfaces - The end of the forging stroke (FIG. 1.4, 2.3) then also leads during each forging stroke to a high hydrostatic pressure all over due to the tools enclosing the workpiece cross section, which hydrostatic pressure ensures the respective dense forging. In the zone of the end cross section of the pairs of forging tools (FIG. 5)9 a
zone 6 which obstructs lateral flow and with calibrating deformation will be provided at the exit of the workpiece from the forging tools.
Claims (4)
1. A method for forging a metallic workpiece with at least four forging tools which are mutually opposite in pairs and are mutually angularly offset about the forging axis, according to which the workpiece is deformed under prevention of any lateral flow during each forging stroke by the simultaneously deforming forging tools which enclose the workpiece cross section and is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure all over, wherein the workpiece, prior to the final enclosure of the workpiece cross section and the consequent deformation obstructing the lateral flow, is deformed during each forging stroke by an uneven deformation effect of the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools in addition with an at least reduced obstruction to lateral flow.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the uneven deformation effect of the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools is achieved by using forging tools with differently shaped impact surfaces which converge into the same end cross section,
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools are stroke-moved with a different stroke height from the same lower dead center position.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mutually angularly offset pairs of forging tools are subjected to a different stroke movement which can each be triggered per se.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0108400A AT408852B (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2000-06-23 | METHOD FOR FORGING A METAL WORKPIECE |
ATA1084/2000 | 2000-06-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20020017123A1 true US20020017123A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
Family
ID=3685177
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/888,270 Abandoned US20020017123A1 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2001-06-22 | Method for forging a metallic workpiece |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020017123A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1166917A3 (en) |
AT (1) | AT408852B (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040139781A1 (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2004-07-22 | Rozhdestvenskiy Vladimir Vladimirovich | Method for producing forgings mainly made of metals and alloys of titanium group and a forging system for carrying out said method |
US7197809B2 (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2007-04-03 | Ultraflex Spa | Method for fabricating an helical stranded cable, particularly for mechanical motion transmission, and cable produced by that method |
US20160016217A1 (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2016-01-21 | Steyr Mannlicher Gmbh | Method for producing a gun barrel having barrel flutings |
US20170313343A1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Mando Corporation | Steering apparatus for vehicle |
CN114029439A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-11 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Method for processing ultra-long and ultra-high pressure steel pipe |
CN114178450A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-15 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Method for processing ultra-thin and ultra-high pressure steel pipe blank |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102513483B (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2014-11-05 | 芜湖新兴铸管有限责任公司 | Forging and striking production process for blank with rectangular section |
CN102581187B (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2014-01-22 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Method for forging flat steel by using universal hammerhead |
CN105344906A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-02-24 | 芜湖新兴铸管有限责任公司 | Forging process of radial forging machine for rectangular forge piece |
AT523160B1 (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-06-15 | Gfm Gmbh | Process for processing a metallic cast strand with a round cross-section by reducing the cross-section in the final solidification area |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB840927A (en) * | 1956-09-12 | 1960-07-13 | Kralowetz Bruno | Stretch-forging machine |
DE29918120U1 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2000-01-20 | Gfm Beteiligungs- Und Management Gmbh & Co. Kg, Steyr | Forming tool |
-
2000
- 2000-06-23 AT AT0108400A patent/AT408852B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-06-20 EP EP01890190A patent/EP1166917A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-06-22 US US09/888,270 patent/US20020017123A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040139781A1 (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2004-07-22 | Rozhdestvenskiy Vladimir Vladimirovich | Method for producing forgings mainly made of metals and alloys of titanium group and a forging system for carrying out said method |
US7197809B2 (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2007-04-03 | Ultraflex Spa | Method for fabricating an helical stranded cable, particularly for mechanical motion transmission, and cable produced by that method |
US20160016217A1 (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2016-01-21 | Steyr Mannlicher Gmbh | Method for producing a gun barrel having barrel flutings |
US9446440B2 (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2016-09-20 | Steyr Mannlicher Gmbh | Method for producing a gun barrel having barrel flutings |
US20170313343A1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Mando Corporation | Steering apparatus for vehicle |
CN114029439A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-11 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Method for processing ultra-long and ultra-high pressure steel pipe |
CN114178450A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-15 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Method for processing ultra-thin and ultra-high pressure steel pipe blank |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATA10842000A (en) | 2001-08-15 |
AT408852B (en) | 2002-03-25 |
EP1166917A3 (en) | 2002-07-31 |
EP1166917A2 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GFM BETEILIGUNGS-UND MANAGEMENT GMBH & CO. KG, AUS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WIESER, RUPERT;REEL/FRAME:012278/0362 Effective date: 20010716 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: EXPRESSLY ABANDONED -- DURING EXAMINATION |