CN109773097B - Earring forging forming method - Google Patents
Earring forging forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109773097B CN109773097B CN201811639495.7A CN201811639495A CN109773097B CN 109773097 B CN109773097 B CN 109773097B CN 201811639495 A CN201811639495 A CN 201811639495A CN 109773097 B CN109773097 B CN 109773097B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lug forging forming method, which comprises the steps of freely forging raw materials with proper specifications with a lug product into a primary blank with a large end and a small end, then placing the primary blank in a die, forging the primary blank into a final blank through die forging, and then cutting off the flash of a forged piece, performing shot blasting and machining on the final blank to form the final lug product. The earring forging and forming method has the advantages of simplicity, practicability, reduction of the forming force of the forge piece, improvement of the qualification rate of the forge piece, improvement of the utilization rate of materials and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging, in particular to a method for forging and forming earrings.
Background
The existing manufacturing method of the earring products mainly comprises two steps of blank making and machining, wherein the blank making method generally adopts free forging or die forging. The blank formed by free forging is generally large in machining allowance, so that the material utilization rate is low, and the time required by subsequent mechanical machining is long; if the die forging is adopted to form the blank, the section change of the earring is severe, so that the deformation resistance is large, the flow is difficult, the cooling speed is high, the cavity cannot be filled with the metal during the flowing process, the blank is unqualified, and the die is subjected to large load and small load during the forming process, and the die cavity is greatly abraded by uneven load. In addition, since the conventional earrings have a drastic change in the shape of the cross section in the longitudinal direction, when a simple round or square blank is used before forging, the problem of folding of the large and small cross-sectional excessive portions is likely to occur,
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a simple and practical earring forging forming method which can reduce the forming force of a forging, improve the qualification rate of the forging and improve the utilization rate of materials.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a forging and forming method of earrings comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting materials: selecting a proper bar material as a raw material according to the specification of the required earring product, wherein the weight of the raw material is 1.18-1.2 times of that of the earring product;
s2: initial forging: forging the raw material in the step S1 into a primary blank through free forging, wherein the section of the primary blank is enclosed by two sections of outwards convex arcs with different diameters and two tangent lines connecting the two sections of arcs;
s3: finish forging: placing the primary blank in the step S2 into a finish forging die for die forging until the blank is filled in a cavity of the finish forging die to form a finish blank; the final blank comprises a ring body and a fastening part, the ring body is a cylindrical body with the cross section identical to the outer contour line of the ring part of the earring product, the fastening part is a stepped cylinder, the fastening part is fixedly connected with the ring body through the end surface of a large-diameter cylinder, and the axes of the fastening part and the ring body are perpendicular;
s4: and (3) machining: and cutting off the flash of the forged piece of the final blank, and machining to finally form the earring product.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the process of the initial forging comprises the following steps:
s21: upsetting the raw material;
s22: turning the upset blank by 90 degrees and placing the upset blank to ensure that the processing surface in the step S21 is vertical to the working table;
s23: and continuously forging to enable the blank to be finally formed into the shape of the primary blank.
In the cross section of the primary blank, the diameter ratio of the two arcs is 2-2.5, the distance between the centers of the two arcs is 2.8-3 times of the radius of the small arc, and the thickness of the primary blank is equal to the radius of the large arc.
The finish forging die comprises an upper die and a lower die, wherein the upper die and the lower die take the symmetrical surface of an earring product as a die parting surface, and the die parting surface passes through the axis of the ring body.
The die cavity structure of the finish forging die corresponds to the structure of the finish blank, the thermal expansion and cold shrinkage rate of the die cavity of the finish forging die is 1.2-1.4%, and the draft angle of the finish forging die is 1.5-3.0 degrees.
In a finish blank formed by the finish forging die, transition fillets between the ring body and the fastening part and step column transition fillets of the fastening part are R8-R15, and the rest transition fillets are R2-R4.
And in the finish blank formed by the finish forging die, the rest surfaces except the processing surface are provided with a processing allowance of 1.5 mm-3.0 mm.
And step S4, performing shot blasting after cutting off the flash of the forged piece of the final blank, and performing machining after the shot blasting is finished.
The forging temperature range is 800-1200 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
when the earring product is produced, the earring product is mainly subjected to the steps of material selection, free forging and initial forging, die forging and final forging, machining and the like, and before the final forging, the raw material is freely forged into an initial blank with one large end and one small end corresponding to the shape of the earring product, so that the problem of abrasion of a die cavity caused by nonuniform deformation during subsequent die forging can be effectively solved, the condition that excessive parts with large and small cross sections are folded can be prevented, the forming force during the final forging is reduced, the tonnage of equipment can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced; and the blank is easier to fill the die cavity, the forging efficiency is high, the quality of the finished product is good, and the qualification rate of the finished product is greatly improved. In addition, the blank machining allowance can be reduced by performing free forging and then performing die forging, the material utilization rate can be improved to be more than 84.5%, and a large amount of materials and cost are saved; A1T electro-hydraulic hammer is used for blank manufacturing in the free forging process, so that oxide skin can be effectively removed, and the quality of a non-processing surface is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a primary blank obtained by primary forging of a raw material;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a final blank produced by finish forging a primary blank;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the finish forging die.
Illustration of the drawings: 1. primary blank; 2. finish forging the mould; 21. an upper die; 22. a lower die; 23. parting surfaces; 3. finishing the blank; 31. a ring body; 32. a fastening portion.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Example (b):
the earring forging and forming method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting materials: selecting a proper bar material as a raw material according to the specification of the required earring product, wherein the weight of the raw material is 1.18-1.2 times of that of the earring product;
s2: initial forging: and (3) performing free forging on the raw material in the step S1 to obtain a primary blank 1, wherein the primary forging process comprises the following steps:
s21: upsetting the raw material;
s22: turning the upset blank by 90 degrees and placing the upset blank to ensure that the processing surface in the step S21 is vertical to the working table;
s23: the forging is continued to form the blank into the shape of the primary blank 1.
Wherein, the section of the primary blank 1 is enclosed by two sections of outwards convex circular arcs with different diameters and two tangent lines connecting the two sections of circular arcs as shown in figure 1; the diameter ratio of the two arcs is 2-2.5, the distance between the centers of the two arcs is 2.8-3 times of the radius of the small arc, and the thickness of the primary blank 1 is equal to the radius of the large arc;
s3: finish forging: placing the primary blank 1 in the step S2 in a finish forging die 2 for die forging until the blank is filled in the cavity of the finish forging die 2 to form a finish blank 3; as shown in fig. 2, the final blank 3 includes a ring body 31 and a fastening portion 32, the ring body 31 is a cylindrical body with a cross section identical to the outer contour of the ring portion of the earring product, the fastening portion 32 is a stepped cylinder, the fastening portion 32 is fixedly connected with the ring body 31 through the end surface of the large-diameter cylinder, and the axes of the two are perpendicular to each other;
s4: and (3) machining: and cutting off the flash of the forged piece of the final blank 3, performing shot blasting on the forged piece, and performing machining such as cutting off machining allowance and drilling after the shot blasting is finished to finally form an earring product.
According to the method, the raw materials are freely forged into the primary blank 1 with one large end and one small end corresponding to the shape of the earring product before finish forging, so that the problem of abrasion of a die cavity caused by non-uniform deformation during subsequent die forging can be effectively solved, the condition that excessive parts of large and small sections are folded can be prevented, and when the earrings with the same type are forged, the forming force of the method during finish forging is reduced by 30.3% compared with that of other die forging methods, so that the equipment tonnage and the manufacturing cost are greatly reduced; and the blank is easier to fill the die cavity, the forging efficiency is high, the quality of the finished product is good, and the qualification rate of the finished product forged by the method of the embodiment can be improved to more than 99%. In addition, the blank machining allowance can be reduced by performing free forging and then performing die forging, the material utilization rate can be improved to be more than 84.5%, and a large amount of materials and cost are saved; A1T electro-hydraulic hammer is used for blank manufacturing in the free forging process, so that oxide skin can be effectively removed, and the quality of a non-processing surface is ensured.
The finish forging die 2 used in this embodiment includes, as shown in fig. 3, an upper die 21 and a lower die 22, the upper die 21 and the lower die 22 have a parting plane 23 as a symmetrical plane of the earring product, and the parting plane 23 passes through an axis of the ring body 31,
in this embodiment, the cavity structure of the finish forging die 2 corresponds to the structure of the finish blank 3, the thermal expansion and cold shrinkage rate of the cavity of the finish forging die 2 is 1.2% -1.4%, the draft of the finish forging die 2 is 1.5-3.0 °, and the formed finish blank 3 has a machining allowance of 1.5-3.0 mm except for the machined surface.
In the embodiment, the transition fillet between the ring body 31 and the fastening part 32 of the finish blank 3 formed by the finish forging die 2 and the transition fillet of the stepped column of the fastening part 32 are R8-R15, and the rest transition fillets are R2-R4, so that the transition fillet at the position with large section change in the finish forging die 2 is enlarged, the flow resistance of metal in the die forging process can be reduced, and the situations of folding and the like are avoided.
In this embodiment, the forging temperature range is 800 ℃ to 1200 ℃.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A forging and forming method of earrings is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting materials: selecting a proper bar material as a raw material according to the specification of the required earring product, wherein the weight of the raw material is 1.18-1.2 times of that of the earring product;
s2: initial forging: forging the raw material in the step S1 into a primary blank (1) through free forging, wherein the section of the primary blank (1) is enclosed by two sections of outwards convex arcs with different diameters and two tangent lines connecting the two sections of arcs;
s3: finish forging: placing the primary blank (1) in the step S2 in a finish forging die (2) for die forging until the blank fills the cavity of the finish forging die (2) to form a finish blank (3); the final blank (3) comprises a ring body (31) and a fastening part (32), the ring body (31) is a cylindrical body with the cross section identical to the outline of the ring part of the earring product, the fastening part (32) is a stepped cylinder, the fastening part (32) is fixedly connected with the ring body (31) through the end surface of a large-diameter cylinder, and the axes of the fastening part and the ring body are perpendicular;
s4: and (3) machining: and (4) cutting off the flash of the forged piece of the final blank (3) and machining to finally form the earring product.
2. The earring forging method according to claim 1, wherein: the process of the initial forging comprises the following steps:
s21: upsetting the raw material;
s22: turning the upset blank by 90 degrees and placing the upset blank to ensure that the processing surface in the step S21 is vertical to the working table;
s23: and continuously forging to finally form the blank into the shape of the primary blank (1).
3. The earring forging method according to claim 1, wherein: in the cross section of the primary blank (1), the diameter ratio of the circular arcs is 2-2.5, the distance between the centers of the circular arcs is 2.8-3 times of the radius of the small circular arc, and the thickness of the primary blank (1) is equal to the radius of the large circular arc.
4. The earring forging method according to claim 1, wherein: the finish forging die (2) comprises an upper die (21) and a lower die (22), the upper die (21) and the lower die (22) take the symmetrical surface of an earring product as a die parting surface (23), and the die parting surface (23) passes through the axis of the ring body (31).
5. The earring forging method according to claim 4, wherein: the die cavity structure of the finish forging die (2) corresponds to the structure of the finish blank (3), and the thermal expansion and cold shrinkage rate of the die cavity of the finish forging die (2) is 1.2-1.4%.
6. The earring forging method according to claim 5, wherein: the draft angle of the finish forging die (2) is 1.5-3.0 degrees.
7. The earring forging method according to claim 4, wherein: in a finish blank (3) formed by the finish forging die (2), transition fillets between the ring body (31) and the fastening part (32) and step column transition fillets of the fastening part (32) are R8-R15, and the rest transition fillets are R2-R4.
8. The earring forging method according to claim 4, wherein: and in the finished blank (3) formed by the finish forging die (2), the rest surfaces except the processing surface are provided with a processing allowance of 1.5 mm-3.0 mm.
9. The earring forging molding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: in the step S4, shot blasting is carried out after the flash of the forge piece of the final blank (3) is cut off, and machining is carried out after the shot blasting is finished.
10. The earring forging molding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the forging temperature range is 800-1200 ℃.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811639495.7A CN109773097B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Earring forging forming method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811639495.7A CN109773097B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Earring forging forming method |
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| CN109773097A CN109773097A (en) | 2019-05-21 |
| CN109773097B true CN109773097B (en) | 2020-07-07 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110814663B (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-07-06 | 湖南高致精工机械有限公司 | Oil cylinder end cover lug ring forming process |
| CN113458304B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-08-26 | 株洲中车天力锻业有限公司 | Forging method of thrust rod spherical shell for rail transit |
Citations (6)
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| US4079584A (en) * | 1976-11-05 | 1978-03-21 | American Hoist & Derrick Company | Heavy duty shackle |
| CN101269398A (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2008-09-24 | 四川振强模锻有限公司 | U shaped suspension clamp swaging technique |
| CN102151776A (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-08-17 | 重庆众诚精密模锻有限公司 | Manufacturing method of rotating flat double lugs for railway electrification contact net |
| CN102500741A (en) * | 2011-10-08 | 2012-06-20 | 西安奥邦科技有限责任公司 | One-step forging and molding method of steering knuckle of heavy-duty car |
| CN103567719A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-02-12 | 江苏亚星锚链股份有限公司 | Swivel forging method |
| CN106040944A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-10-26 | 许昌中兴锻造有限公司 | Light slip yoke forging die and combined forging process thereof |
-
2018
- 2018-12-29 CN CN201811639495.7A patent/CN109773097B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4079584A (en) * | 1976-11-05 | 1978-03-21 | American Hoist & Derrick Company | Heavy duty shackle |
| CN101269398A (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2008-09-24 | 四川振强模锻有限公司 | U shaped suspension clamp swaging technique |
| CN102151776A (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-08-17 | 重庆众诚精密模锻有限公司 | Manufacturing method of rotating flat double lugs for railway electrification contact net |
| CN102500741A (en) * | 2011-10-08 | 2012-06-20 | 西安奥邦科技有限责任公司 | One-step forging and molding method of steering knuckle of heavy-duty car |
| CN103567719A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-02-12 | 江苏亚星锚链股份有限公司 | Swivel forging method |
| CN106040944A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-10-26 | 许昌中兴锻造有限公司 | Light slip yoke forging die and combined forging process thereof |
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