US20020015771A1 - Agent for increasing brown fat, comprising conjugated linoleic acid as active ingredient - Google Patents

Agent for increasing brown fat, comprising conjugated linoleic acid as active ingredient Download PDF

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US20020015771A1
US20020015771A1 US09/560,902 US56090200A US2002015771A1 US 20020015771 A1 US20020015771 A1 US 20020015771A1 US 56090200 A US56090200 A US 56090200A US 2002015771 A1 US2002015771 A1 US 2002015771A1
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conjugated linoleic
linoleic acid
agent
acid
fat
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Michihiro Sugano
Masanobu Sakuno
Kazunori Koba
Hitoshi Okuyama
Masaaki Kasai
Toshio Iwata
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Nisshin Oillio Group Ltd
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Assigned to RINORU OIL MILLS CO., LTD. reassignment RINORU OIL MILLS CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: IWATA, TOSHIO, KASAI, MASAAKI, KOBA, KAZUNORI, OKUYAMA, HITOSHI, SAKONO, MASANOBU, SUGANO, MICHIHIRO
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/14—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by isomerisation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
    • A23L33/12—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an agent for increasing brown fat, comprising a conjugated linoleic acid as an active ingredient. More particularly, the present invention relates to an agent for increasing brown fat, comprising a conjugated linoleic acid as an active ingredient, which agent can increase brown fat cells capable of consuming extra energy and producing heat to prevent obesity, and use of the agent in the field of foods.
  • Fat is stored in adipose tissues.
  • Adipose tissues are classified into two types which are utterly different from each other in function.
  • One of the adipose tissues is a white adipose tissue which occupies the major part of the adipose tissues and functions to accumulate extra energy
  • the other adipose tissue is a brown adipose tissue which has a function opposite to that of the white adipose tissue, that is, functions to consume extra energy.
  • the brown adipose tissue is significantly found in infancy, and the level thereof decreases with aging.
  • the brown adipose tissue is present in the back of the neck, a portion around shoulder blade in the back, axilla, periphery of the heart, and periphery of the kidney, and the total weight thereof is as small as about 40 g.
  • This brown adipose tissue is governed by a sympathetic nervous system, and functions to generate heat for body temperature retention purposes and, in addition, to burn extra energy, thereby preventing obesity.
  • Increasing and developing this brown adipose tissue are a great aid in eliminating obesity and are expected to prevent or reduce obesity.
  • conjugated linoleic acids are isolated from fried meats (Y. L. Ha et al., Carcinogenesis, 8, 1881-1887, 1987), and, up to now, the following reports have been made on various activities of the conjugated linoleic acids: ⁇ circle over (1) ⁇ anti-carcinogens (Cancer Research, 51, 6118-6124, 1991); ⁇ circle over (2) ⁇ method for enhancing animal feed efficiency (Japanese Patent No. 2745245); ⁇ circle over (3) ⁇ method for storing foods and a preservative for use therein (Japanese Patent No.
  • an agent for increasing brown fat comprising a conjugated linoleic acid as an active ingredient.
  • Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) usable in the present invention include 9,11-octadecadienoic acid, 10,12-octadecadienoic acid, and mixtures of said compounds. Among others, 9c,11t/9t, 11c-octadecadienoic acid is preferred.
  • Forms of the conjugated linoleic acid usable herein include fatty acids, mono-, di-, or triglycerides, sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, phospholipids, and lysophospholipids, and a mixture of two or more of them. Among them, fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and calcium salts are preferred. Further, derivatives of conjugated linoleic acids, for example, ascorbic acid derivatives and mitomycin C derivatives, may also be used.
  • the “agent for increasing brown fat, comprising a conjugated linoleic acid as an active ingredient” according to the present invention may be used as pharmaceutical preparations and, in addition, as antiobesitic foods.
  • One of embodiments of the antiobesitic food is a conjugated linoleic acid-containing fat-and-oil product obtained by subjecting a linoleic acid-containing fat and oil (for example, a safflower oil) to an alkali conjugation reaction to convert linoleic acid in the fat and oil to conjugated linoleic acid.
  • the “alkali conjugation reaction” is a reaction such that a fatty acid is converted to a conjugated fatty acid by isomerization of the fatty acid in an alkali-organic solvent solution.
  • potassium hydroxide is used as the alkali
  • ethylene glycol is used as the organic solvent (J. Am.
  • the content of CLA in a conjugated linoleic acid-containing fat and oil obtained by the above alkali conjugation method is generally 10 to 95%, preferably 50 to 80%, with the balance comprising palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, unconjugated linoleic acids, etc.
  • the conjugated linoleic acid may be used in combination with other ingredients, for example, medicinal diluents (lactose, starch, dextrin, gum arabic or the like).
  • the agent for increasing brown fat may be used in the form of tablets, capsules, or liquids.
  • the content of the conjugated linoleic acid in the food or feed is generally 0.001 to 100% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 80% by weight.
  • the intake of the conjugated linoleic acid is generally 0.01 to 3% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 1% by weight, based on the weight of diet.
  • Sprague-Dawley male rats of four weeks of age were pre-bred, and then divided into two groups (each group consisting of 8 rats), a 1.0% linoleic acid group (a control group) and a 1.0% CLA group.
  • the experimental diet shown in Table 1 and water were then freely fed to these two groups of rats.
  • the CLA used was composed mainly of two types, 9c,11t/9t,11c-18:2 and 10t,12c-18:2.
  • the 8 rats constituting each group were sacrificed, and the organs were taken out.
  • CPT carnitine palmitoyltransferase

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

Abstract

There is provided an agent for increasing brown fat, comprising a conjugated linoleic acid as an active ingredient.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention [0001]
  • The present invention relates to an agent for increasing brown fat, comprising a conjugated linoleic acid as an active ingredient. More particularly, the present invention relates to an agent for increasing brown fat, comprising a conjugated linoleic acid as an active ingredient, which agent can increase brown fat cells capable of consuming extra energy and producing heat to prevent obesity, and use of the agent in the field of foods. [0002]
  • 2. Background Art [0003]
  • In recent years, patients suffering from obesity have been increased also in Japan, and this is becoming a serious social problem. Obesity derived from such factors as increased ingestion (hyperphagia), reduced excercise (lack of excercise), and a fluctuation in generation of body heat causes accumulation of a large amount of body fat. This is causative of arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiac diseases, and, in some cases, leads to complications, such as angiopathy, neuropathy, and aphylaxis. [0004]
  • Fat is stored in adipose tissues. Adipose tissues are classified into two types which are utterly different from each other in function. One of the adipose tissues is a white adipose tissue which occupies the major part of the adipose tissues and functions to accumulate extra energy, and the other adipose tissue is a brown adipose tissue which has a function opposite to that of the white adipose tissue, that is, functions to consume extra energy. The brown adipose tissue is significantly found in infancy, and the level thereof decreases with aging. The brown adipose tissue is present in the back of the neck, a portion around shoulder blade in the back, axilla, periphery of the heart, and periphery of the kidney, and the total weight thereof is as small as about 40 g. This brown adipose tissue is governed by a sympathetic nervous system, and functions to generate heat for body temperature retention purposes and, in addition, to burn extra energy, thereby preventing obesity. Increasing and developing this brown adipose tissue are a great aid in eliminating obesity and are expected to prevent or reduce obesity. [0005]
  • On the other hand, conjugated linoleic acids are isolated from fried meats (Y. L. Ha et al., Carcinogenesis, 8, 1881-1887, 1987), and, up to now, the following reports have been made on various activities of the conjugated linoleic acids: {circle over (1)} anti-carcinogens (Cancer Research, 51, 6118-6124, 1991); {circle over (2)} method for enhancing animal feed efficiency (Japanese Patent No. 2745245); {circle over (3)} method for storing foods and a preservative for use therein (Japanese Patent No. 1935402); {circle over (4)} methods for preventing weight loss, reduction in weight gain, and anorexia due to immune stimulation (U.S. Pat. No. 5,430,066); {circle over (5)}[0006] 0 method for reducing body fat (U.S. Pat. No. 5,554,646); {circle over (6)} methods for maintaining and enhancing bone mineral content (U.S. Pat. No. 5,804,210); and {circle over (7)} method for reducing secretion of apolipoprotein B (U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,733). So far as the present inventors know, however, there is no report such that the conjugated linoleic acids act to increase brown fat.
  • Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide pharmaceutical preparations, foods, and feed which can increase and develop brown adipose tissues to prevent and remedy obesity. [0007]
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present inventors have repeated extensive and intensive studies using brown adipose tissues as an index of the usefulness in prophylaxis and therapy of obesity and, as a result, have found that conjugated linoleic acids have high activity to increase brown fat and thus are useful for the prophylaxis of obesity. This has led to the completion of the present invention. [0008]
  • Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided an agent for increasing brown fat, comprising a conjugated linoleic acid as an active ingredient.[0009]
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIOIN
  • Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) usable in the present invention include 9,11-octadecadienoic acid, 10,12-octadecadienoic acid, and mixtures of said compounds. Among others, 9c,11t/9t, 11c-octadecadienoic acid is preferred. [0010]
  • Forms of the conjugated linoleic acid usable herein include fatty acids, mono-, di-, or triglycerides, sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, phospholipids, and lysophospholipids, and a mixture of two or more of them. Among them, fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and calcium salts are preferred. Further, derivatives of conjugated linoleic acids, for example, ascorbic acid derivatives and mitomycin C derivatives, may also be used. [0011]
  • The “agent for increasing brown fat, comprising a conjugated linoleic acid as an active ingredient” according to the present invention may be used as pharmaceutical preparations and, in addition, as antiobesitic foods. [0012]
  • One of embodiments of the antiobesitic food is a conjugated linoleic acid-containing fat-and-oil product obtained by subjecting a linoleic acid-containing fat and oil (for example, a safflower oil) to an alkali conjugation reaction to convert linoleic acid in the fat and oil to conjugated linoleic acid. The “alkali conjugation reaction” is a reaction such that a fatty acid is converted to a conjugated fatty acid by isomerization of the fatty acid in an alkali-organic solvent solution. In a conventional representative method used to this end, potassium hydroxide is used as the alkali, and ethylene glycol is used as the organic solvent (J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 36, 631, (1959) and Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives 2.4.16-17, Abstract of the 34th Annual Meeting of Japan Oil Chemists' Society, p. 171 (1995)). Further, the present inventors have previously proposed a process for producing conjugated linoleic acid with improved conversion wherein propylene glycol is used as an organic solvent (Japanese Patent Application No. 288094/1996). When the starting fat and oil is a safflower oil, the content of CLA in a conjugated linoleic acid-containing fat and oil obtained by the above alkali conjugation method is generally 10 to 95%, preferably 50 to 80%, with the balance comprising palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, unconjugated linoleic acids, etc. [0013]
  • When the “agent for increasing brown fat, comprising a conjugated linoleic acid as an active ingredient” according to the present invention is used as pharmaceutical preparations, the conjugated linoleic acid may be used in combination with other ingredients, for example, medicinal diluents (lactose, starch, dextrin, gum arabic or the like). The agent for increasing brown fat may be used in the form of tablets, capsules, or liquids. [0014]
  • When the agent for increasing brown fat according to the present invention is used as foods or feeds, the content of the conjugated linoleic acid in the food or feed is generally 0.001 to 100% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 80% by weight. [0015]
  • In any of the use of the agent for increasing brown fat according to the present invention in foods, pharmaceutical preparations, feeds, and pet foods, the intake of the conjugated linoleic acid is generally 0.01 to 3% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 1% by weight, based on the weight of diet. [0016]
  • The following experimental example demonstrates that conjugated linoleic acid can increase the weight of brown adipose tissues. [0017]
    • EXAMPLE 1
  • Sprague-Dawley male rats of four weeks of age were pre-bred, and then divided into two groups (each group consisting of 8 rats), a 1.0% linoleic acid group (a control group) and a 1.0% CLA group. The experimental diet shown in Table 1 and water were then freely fed to these two groups of rats. As shown in Table 2, the CLA used was composed mainly of two types, 9c,11t/9t,11c-18:2 and 10t,12c-18:2. Four weeks after the initiation of feeding, the 8 rats constituting each group were sacrificed, and the organs were taken out. [0018]
  • As a result, there was no significant difference in intake and weight gain between the two groups. [0019]
  • Further, as shown in Table 3, there was no difference in the weight of tissues of liver, kidney, heart, lungs, spleen, and brain between the two groups. On the other hand, for the CLA-supplemented group, as compared with the control group, the weight of adipose tissues around the kidney, which are white adipose tissues, was significantly decreased, and the weight of brown adipose tissues in the back was significantly increased. [0020]
  • Further, the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) as a rate-determining enzyme in β-oxidation of fatty acids was measured in brown adipose tissues. As shown in Table 4, the activity for the CLA-supplemented group was higher than that for the control group. [0021]
  • The above results show that feeding of CLA to rats can increase brown adipose tissues and can enhance carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity without affecting the food intake and weight gain of rats. Therefore, CLA can be expected to consume extra energy and to generate heat, thereby exhibiting antiobesitic effect which is free from side effect and harmless to the human body. [0022]
    TABLE 1
    Composition of feed (AIN-93G)
    Experimental groups
    Control group CLA
    Ingredients (g/100 g)
    Casein 20.0 20.0
    Soybean oil  6.0  6.0
    α-Cornstarch 13.2 13.2
    Sucrose 10.0 10.0
    Mineral mix (AIN-93G)  3.5  3.5
    Vitamin mix (AIN-93VX)  1.0  1.0
    L-Cystine  0.3  0.3
    Choline tartrate  0.25  0.25
    Cellulose  5.0  5.0
    t-Butylhydroquinone  0.0014  0.0014
    Cornstarch 39.7 39.7
    LA (safflower oil)  1.0 —
    CLA —  1.0
  • [0023]
    TABLE 2
    CLA and fatty acid composition of safflower oil
    CLA Safflower oil
    C16: 0 (palmitic acid ) 6.9  6.7
    C18: 0 (stearic acid) 2.4  2.4
    C18: 1 (oleic acid) 15.3 15.1
    C18: 2 (linoleic acid) 0.7 74.1
    CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) 74.1 n.d.
    c9, t11/t9, c11-18:2 (34.1) —
    t10, c12-18:2 (35.9) —
    c9, c11/c10, c12-18:2 (2.5) —
    t9, t11/c10, t12-18:2 (1.6) —
    C18: 3 (α-linolenic acid) —  0.5
    Others 0.6  1.2
  • [0024]
    TABLE 3
    Growth and weight of organs of rats
    Experimental groups
    Parameter Control group CLA
    Weight gain, g/4 weeks 217 227
    Food intake, g/day 21.0 21.0
    Weight of organs, g/100 g body weight
    Liver 4.36 4.40
    Kidney 0.75 0.78
    Heart 0.39 0.36
    Lung 0.42 0.40
    Spleen 0.22 0.22
    Brain 0.40 0.38
    Peri-renal adipose tissue 1.72 1.16
    Epididymal adipose tissue 1.13 1.17
    Brown adipose tissue 0.15 0.21
  • [0025]
    TABLE 4
    Activity of carnitine-palmitin transferase
    (CPT) in brown adipose tissue
    Experimental groups
    Parameter Control group CLA
    CPT activity, 192.5 239.1
    μmol/min/total BAT
    (brown adipose tissue)

Claims (7)

What is claimed is:
1. An agent for increasing brown fat, comprising a conjugated linoleic acid as an active ingredient.
2. The agent for increasing brown fat according to claim 1, wherein the conjugated linoleic acid is selected from the group consisting of 9,11-octadecadienoic acid, 10,12-octadecadienoic acid, and a mixture of said compounds.
3. The agent for increasing brown fat according to claim 1, wherein said conjugated linoleic acid is used in the form of a fatty acid, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, a calcium salt, a triglyceride, a diglyceride, a monoglyceride, a pospholipid, or a mixture of two or more of them.
4. A food or a feed having a capability of increasing brown fat, said food or feed comprising the conjugated linoleic acid according to claim 1.
5. The food or feed according to claim 4, which is in the form of a conjugated linoleic acid-containing fat-and-oil product.
6. The food or feed according to claim 5, wherein the fat-and-oil product has been prepared by subjecting a safflower oil to an alkali conjugation reaction.
7. The food or feed according to claim 4, which is used as a pet food.
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1174416A1 (en) * 1999-04-27 2002-01-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha Conjugated fatty acid esters
WO2002094027A1 (en) * 2001-05-21 2002-11-28 Nestec, Ltd. Inhibition of $i(tyrophagus putrescentiae) in pet food products
US20100150885A1 (en) * 2005-06-01 2010-06-17 Joslin Diabetes Center, Inc. Methods and compositions for inducing brown adipogenesis
US20110104133A1 (en) * 2008-05-06 2011-05-05 Joslin Diabetes Center, Inc. Methods and compositions for inducing brown adipogenesis
US9132169B2 (en) 2003-10-17 2015-09-15 Joslin Diabetes Center, Inc. Methods and compositions for modulating adipocyte function
CN115245510A (en) * 2021-04-28 2022-10-28 扬州大学 Application of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid

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US20040101545A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2004-05-27 Schoenherr William D. Composition and method
US20040202732A1 (en) * 2003-04-11 2004-10-14 Brown William Stewart Composition to promote weight loss
KR100889655B1 (en) 2006-11-15 2009-03-19 고려대학교 산학협력단 Animal Feed Composition containing by-products obtained from purification process of the conjugated linoleic acid
US20120076906A1 (en) * 2009-06-25 2012-03-29 Kasia Aeberhardt Flavouring ingredient
US9044606B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2015-06-02 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Methods and devices for activating brown adipose tissue using electrical energy
US8476227B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2013-07-02 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Methods of activating a melanocortin-4 receptor pathway in obese subjects
SG11201401193XA (en) 2011-10-03 2014-05-29 Univ California TREATMENT OF OBESITY AND OBESITY-RELATED DISORDERS BY PHARMACOLOGICAL TARGETING OF Kv1.3 POTASSIUM CHANNELS
US10092738B2 (en) 2014-12-29 2018-10-09 Ethicon Llc Methods and devices for inhibiting nerves when activating brown adipose tissue
US10080884B2 (en) 2014-12-29 2018-09-25 Ethicon Llc Methods and devices for activating brown adipose tissue using electrical energy

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US5760082C1 (en) * 1994-08-29 2001-03-06 Wisconsin Alumni Res Found Dietetic foods containing conjugated linoleic acids
US5814663A (en) * 1994-08-29 1998-09-29 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Method for maintaining an existing level of body fat
US5626849A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-05-06 Reliv International, Inc. Weight loss composition for burning and reducing synthesis of fats

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1174416A1 (en) * 1999-04-27 2002-01-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha Conjugated fatty acid esters
EP1174416A4 (en) * 1999-04-27 2002-09-25 Yakult Honsha Kk Conjugated fatty acid esters
WO2002094027A1 (en) * 2001-05-21 2002-11-28 Nestec, Ltd. Inhibition of $i(tyrophagus putrescentiae) in pet food products
US9132169B2 (en) 2003-10-17 2015-09-15 Joslin Diabetes Center, Inc. Methods and compositions for modulating adipocyte function
US20100150885A1 (en) * 2005-06-01 2010-06-17 Joslin Diabetes Center, Inc. Methods and compositions for inducing brown adipogenesis
US9346869B2 (en) 2005-06-01 2016-05-24 Joslin Diabetes Center, Inc. Methods and compositions for inducing brown adipogenesis
US20110104133A1 (en) * 2008-05-06 2011-05-05 Joslin Diabetes Center, Inc. Methods and compositions for inducing brown adipogenesis
CN115245510A (en) * 2021-04-28 2022-10-28 扬州大学 Application of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid

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