US20020011106A1 - Compact inertial measurement unit - Google Patents
Compact inertial measurement unit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020011106A1 US20020011106A1 US09/801,677 US80167701A US2002011106A1 US 20020011106 A1 US20020011106 A1 US 20020011106A1 US 80167701 A US80167701 A US 80167701A US 2002011106 A1 US2002011106 A1 US 2002011106A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- measurement unit
- inertial measurement
- unit according
- solid state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/10—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
- G01C21/12—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
- G01C21/16—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
- G01C21/166—Mechanical, construction or arrangement details of inertial navigation systems
Definitions
- the present invention is in the field of inertial measurement units of the type typically mounted on an a movable object, e.g. a marine vessel, a land vehicle or an airborne vehicle.
- a movable object e.g. a marine vessel, a land vehicle or an airborne vehicle.
- the invention is concerned with a housing for such a unit.
- airborne vehicle used herein in the specification and claims refers collectively to flying objects such as airplanes, missiles, rockets, etc.
- the invention is by no means restricted to any type of moving objects which are collectively referred to herein in the specification and claims as a “moving object”.
- IMU Inertial measurement units
- moving objects e.g. an airborne vehicle for obtaining data regarding orientation of a flying object, namely, acceleration and rotation in three main axes (pitch, yaw and role) with respect to an axis of the flying object from which it is possible to derive information such as location, attitude, etc.
- An IMU is part of an inertial navigating system (INS) which comprises, among others, also a processor unit.
- INS inertial navigating system
- An IMU typically comprises a set of sensors for measuring acceleration and rotation along the three main axes.
- the gyros may be mechanical gyroscopes suitable for measuring rotation in two axes (in which case two such gyros will suffice) or, fiber optic gyros (FOG) which measure rotation only in one axis.
- the gyros may be ring laser gyros (RLG).
- RMG ring laser gyros
- Three gyros of the two latter types are required for measuring rotation in the three main axes, namely yaw, role and pitch of the moving vehicle.
- Such rotation sensors and accelerometers are collectively referred to as “solid state sensors”.
- the data received from the IMU is then transferred to a suitable processor wherein it is converted into useful navigating information for guiding and controlling the moving object, so as to follow a target or according to any moving protocol, e.g. flying, diving, etc.
- the IMU In order to obtain precise data, it is required that the IMU be mounted onto the body of the moving vehicle at a fixed position with predetermined reference to an axis of the moving vehicle, typically a longitudinal axis thereof.
- the arrangement is such that the ratio between an axis of the moving vehicle and an axis of the IMU is known, whereby suitable calculations may be carried out for obtaining correction factors.
- the housing of the IMU be fitted with true position and fixing arrangement, cooperating with corresponding means fitted on the moving vehicle, and suitable arrangements for fixing the IMU in that position.
- the solid state sensors are fixedly received and articulated to the housing, their orientation (respective position with respect to an axis of the airborne vehicle) is calculable.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for a moving vehicle, fitted with a housing accommodating three solid state sensor couples, which has a significantly lower volume and weight as well as a low projection, as compared with known such platforms.
- IMU inertial measurement unit
- an inertial measurement unit mountable on a moving vehicle, said system comprising a carrying a platform accommodating three solid state sensor couples, each couple comprising a gyro member for measuring rotation and an associated accelerometer for measuring acceleration about three main axes; said housing being in the shape of a triangular pyramid, with a base thereof fitted with true position and fixation means for positioning and fixing the housing at a predetermined relation with respect to an axis of the moving vehicle; and where each of said solid state sensor couple is fitted on a respective face of the housing.
- a housing for an inertial measurement unit the housing being in the shape of a truncated triangular pyramid, and where each face thereof is fitted with a solid state sensor couple each couple comprising a gyro member and an associated accelerometer.
- the pyramid-shaped housing is a truncated triangular pyramid with the solid state sensors mounted on respective faces of the housing for measuring acceleration and rotation about three main axes orthogonal to one another, fixed with respect to an axis of the moving vehicle, and where these axes coincide.
- the moving vehicle is an airborne vehicle.
- FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an aircraft fitted with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a top isometric view of the IMU according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a top planar view of the IMU of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a bottom isometric view of the IMU seen in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 5 is a housing used in the IMU of the present invention, with one couple of solid state sensors shown in exploded view;
- FIG. 6 is a bottom isometric view of the housing shown in FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a harness used in an IMU in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 1 a moving object, namely an aircraft generally designated 10 is flitted within its nose with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) generally 12 , fixedly attached to a suitable seating 14 on the missile's body 16 .
- IMU inertial measurement unit
- the IMU 12 seen in FIGS. 2 and 3 comprises a housing 20 which at times is referred to in the art as a chassis.
- the housing 20 is in the shape of a triangular pyramid having three faces 22 , 24 and 26 orthogonally extending with respect to one another and having a truncated top portion 30 which is parallel to a bottom base 34 (FIGS. 4 and 6).
- Base 34 (FIGS. 4 and 6) is adapted for fixedly attaching onto the seating 14 of the airborne vehicle by suitable bolts (not shown) extendible through holes 36 .
- the base 34 In order to position the IMU in a predetermined orientation with respect to a longitudinal axis of the aircraft 10 , the base 34 is formed with two precisely formed bores 38 (FIGS. 4 and 6) for true position location over two corresponding pins (not shown) fitted on the seating 14 .
- a cover plate 40 (FIG. 4) covers a bottom opening of the housing 20 and is secured by several screws 44 .
- Received within the housing adjacent cover plate 40 is an electric circuitry printed board (not shown) to which the electronic components are connected as known per se by a harness 54 (FIG. 7), and from which, at a bottom portion of the IMU there extends a connection socket 50 adapted for coupling with a suitable communication plug.
- the housing 20 is formed at each of its faces 22 , 24 and 26 with a cylindrical receptacle projecting inwardly from the surfaces of the housing, designated 60 , 62 and 64 , respectively.
- Each of the cylindrical receptacles is formed with a coaxial aperture 68 , 70 and 72 , respectively, and an inclined aperture 76 , 78 and 80 , respectively, formed by removing a wall portion of the cylindrical receptacles.
- Cylindrical receptacle 60 , 62 and 64 are fitted for snugly accommodating a gyro sensor 86 (FIG. 5) with a connector thereof 88 extending through the corresponding aperture 76 , 78 and 80 into the cavity of the housing 20 for attaching thereto a respective socket 90 of harness 54 (FIG. 7).
- a gyro sensor 86 FIG. 5
- a connector thereof 88 extending through the corresponding aperture 76 , 78 and 80 into the cavity of the housing 20 for attaching thereto a respective socket 90 of harness 54 (FIG. 7).
- Each of the coaxial apertures 68 , 70 and 72 accommodates an accelerometer 96 engageable by a plug 98 to a corresponding socket 100 on the harness 54 (FIG. 7).
- Each such couple of gyros 86 and accelerometer 96 is referred to as a solid state sensor couple 104 .
- the accelerometers are secured to the housing by means of a suitable flange (not shown) fixed to the housing by screws via bores threaded 106 .
- the gyros 86 are secured by suitable bolts extending through apertures 108 formed in the housing 20 .
- Each of the gyros 86 is integrally fitted within a cover 110 , which at the assembled state projects from the surfaces 22 , 24 and 26 , respectively of the housing 20 .
- Harness 54 seen in FIG. 7 communicates between the three solid state sensor couples 104 and the printed circuit board (not shown), and for that purpose the harness is formed with three sockets 90 for connecting to three respective gyros 86 , and three sockets 100 for connecting to a three respective accelerometers 96 .
- the harness terminates at a connector 51 connectable to the printed circuit board the latter being formed with the externally accessible connection socket 50 for connecting to a processor means (not shown).
- the design of the housing 20 is such that all three faces 20 , 22 and 24 are orthogonal with respect to one another and the respective cylindrical receptacles 60 , 62 and 64 and co-axial apertures 68 , 70 and 72 extend along three octagonal axes which coincide below an apex of the pyramid.
- the overall height of the device is maintained as low as possible to reduce aerodynamic interference.
- the overall height of the device does not exceed about 54 mm with a volume of about 230 ccm.
- the invention has been exemplified with reference to an airborne vehicle.
- the IMU may be fitted to any type of moving vehicle, e.g. marine vessels, land vehicles, etc. and accordingly, the term “fly” and “flying” should be understood in the broad aspect of the invention, i.e. move/moving, respectively.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Gyroscopes (AREA)
- Navigation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention is in the field of inertial measurement units of the type typically mounted on an a movable object, e.g. a marine vessel, a land vehicle or an airborne vehicle. In particular, the invention is concerned with a housing for such a unit.
- The term “airborne vehicle” used herein in the specification and claims refers collectively to flying objects such as airplanes, missiles, rockets, etc. However, the invention is by no means restricted to any type of moving objects which are collectively referred to herein in the specification and claims as a “moving object”.
- Inertial measurement units (IMU's) are commonly mounted on moving objects, e.g. an airborne vehicle for obtaining data regarding orientation of a flying object, namely, acceleration and rotation in three main axes (pitch, yaw and role) with respect to an axis of the flying object from which it is possible to derive information such as location, attitude, etc. An IMU is part of an inertial navigating system (INS) which comprises, among others, also a processor unit.
- An IMU typically comprises a set of sensors for measuring acceleration and rotation along the three main axes. For that purpose, there are provided pairs of accelerometers for measuring acceleration, and gyros for measuring rotation. The gyros may be mechanical gyroscopes suitable for measuring rotation in two axes (in which case two such gyros will suffice) or, fiber optic gyros (FOG) which measure rotation only in one axis. Alternatively, the gyros may be ring laser gyros (RLG). Three gyros of the two latter types are required for measuring rotation in the three main axes, namely yaw, role and pitch of the moving vehicle. Such rotation sensors and accelerometers are collectively referred to as “solid state sensors”.
- The data received from the IMU is then transferred to a suitable processor wherein it is converted into useful navigating information for guiding and controlling the moving object, so as to follow a target or according to any moving protocol, e.g. flying, diving, etc.
- In order to obtain precise data, it is required that the IMU be mounted onto the body of the moving vehicle at a fixed position with predetermined reference to an axis of the moving vehicle, typically a longitudinal axis thereof. The arrangement is such that the ratio between an axis of the moving vehicle and an axis of the IMU is known, whereby suitable calculations may be carried out for obtaining correction factors. For that purpose it is important that the housing of the IMU be fitted with true position and fixing arrangement, cooperating with corresponding means fitted on the moving vehicle, and suitable arrangements for fixing the IMU in that position. Thus, since the solid state sensors are fixedly received and articulated to the housing, their orientation (respective position with respect to an axis of the airborne vehicle) is calculable.
- An evergrowing concern of moving vehicle designers and in particular of airborne vehicles is to reduce the size and weight of such vehicles wherein the volume per weight factor is of great importance and has direct influence on the overall payload which the airborne vehicle may carry. Still of importance is the projection of the IMU from the body of the airborne vehicle which influences the aerodynamic performances of the moving vehicle.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a housing for an IMU, fitted with solid state sensors for measuring acceleration and rotation about three main axes, and which is considerably compact in size, weight and volume and which is suitable for mounting on a moving object.
- The main object of the present invention is to provide an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for a moving vehicle, fitted with a housing accommodating three solid state sensor couples, which has a significantly lower volume and weight as well as a low projection, as compared with known such platforms.
- In accordance with the present invention there is provided an inertial measurement unit mountable on a moving vehicle, said system comprising a carrying a platform accommodating three solid state sensor couples, each couple comprising a gyro member for measuring rotation and an associated accelerometer for measuring acceleration about three main axes; said housing being in the shape of a triangular pyramid, with a base thereof fitted with true position and fixation means for positioning and fixing the housing at a predetermined relation with respect to an axis of the moving vehicle; and where each of said solid state sensor couple is fitted on a respective face of the housing.
- By another aspect of the present invention there is to provided a housing for an inertial measurement unit, the housing being in the shape of a truncated triangular pyramid, and where each face thereof is fitted with a solid state sensor couple each couple comprising a gyro member and an associated accelerometer.
- By a specific embodiment of the invention, the pyramid-shaped housing is a truncated triangular pyramid with the solid state sensors mounted on respective faces of the housing for measuring acceleration and rotation about three main axes orthogonal to one another, fixed with respect to an axis of the moving vehicle, and where these axes coincide.
- By one particular embodiment, the moving vehicle is an airborne vehicle.
- For better understanding the invention and to see how it may be carried out in practice, an embodiment will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an aircraft fitted with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) in accordance with the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a top isometric view of the IMU according to the present invention;
- FIG. 3 is a top planar view of the IMU of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a bottom isometric view of the IMU seen in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 5 is a housing used in the IMU of the present invention, with one couple of solid state sensors shown in exploded view;
- FIG. 6 is a bottom isometric view of the housing shown in FIG. 5; and
- FIG. 7 is a harness used in an IMU in accordance with the present invention.
- In FIG. 1 a moving object, namely an aircraft generally designated10 is flitted within its nose with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) generally 12, fixedly attached to a
suitable seating 14 on the missile'sbody 16. - The IMU12 seen in FIGS. 2 and 3 comprises a
housing 20 which at times is referred to in the art as a chassis. Thehousing 20 is in the shape of a triangular pyramid having threefaces top portion 30 which is parallel to a bottom base 34 (FIGS. 4 and 6). - Base34 (FIGS. 4 and 6) is adapted for fixedly attaching onto the
seating 14 of the airborne vehicle by suitable bolts (not shown) extendible throughholes 36. In order to position the IMU in a predetermined orientation with respect to a longitudinal axis of theaircraft 10, thebase 34 is formed with two precisely formed bores 38 (FIGS. 4 and 6) for true position location over two corresponding pins (not shown) fitted on theseating 14. - A cover plate40 (FIG. 4) covers a bottom opening of the
housing 20 and is secured byseveral screws 44. Received within the housingadjacent cover plate 40, is an electric circuitry printed board (not shown) to which the electronic components are connected as known per se by a harness 54 (FIG. 7), and from which, at a bottom portion of the IMU there extends aconnection socket 50 adapted for coupling with a suitable communication plug. - As can be further seen in FIGS. 5 and 6, the
housing 20 is formed at each of itsfaces coaxial aperture inclined aperture -
Cylindrical receptacle corresponding aperture housing 20 for attaching thereto arespective socket 90 of harness 54 (FIG. 7). Each of thecoaxial apertures accelerometer 96 engageable by aplug 98 to acorresponding socket 100 on the harness 54 (FIG. 7). Each such couple ofgyros 86 andaccelerometer 96 is referred to as a solidstate sensor couple 104. The accelerometers are secured to the housing by means of a suitable flange (not shown) fixed to the housing by screws via bores threaded 106. Thegyros 86 are secured by suitable bolts extending throughapertures 108 formed in thehousing 20. Each of thegyros 86 is integrally fitted within acover 110, which at the assembled state projects from thesurfaces housing 20. Harness 54 seen in FIG. 7 communicates between the three solidstate sensor couples 104 and the printed circuit board (not shown), and for that purpose the harness is formed with threesockets 90 for connecting to threerespective gyros 86, and threesockets 100 for connecting to a threerespective accelerometers 96. The harness terminates at aconnector 51 connectable to the printed circuit board the latter being formed with the externallyaccessible connection socket 50 for connecting to a processor means (not shown). - The design of the
housing 20 is such that all three faces 20, 22 and 24 are orthogonal with respect to one another and the respectivecylindrical receptacles co-axial apertures - It is desirable to maintain the weight and volume of the pyramid as low as possible in order to reduce the overall pay load of the airborne vehicle. It is also desirable that the overall height of the device be maintained as low as possible to reduce aerodynamic interference. In accordance with one preferred embodiment, the overall height of the device does not exceed about 54 mm with a volume of about 230 ccm.
- Whilst a preferred embodiment has been described and illustrated with reference to the accompanied drawings, it is to be appreciated that variations therefrom are possible, without departing from the scope of the invention. For example. the true position bores38 and fixing
holes 36 may be differently designed. Still, rather than having cylindric covers 110 projecting from thesurfaces housing 20, thecylindrical receptacle state sensor couples 104 such that covers of the gyros are flush with the surface of thehousing 20. - Even more so, the invention has been exemplified with reference to an airborne vehicle. This however is a mere example and the IMU may be fitted to any type of moving vehicle, e.g. marine vessels, land vehicles, etc. and accordingly, the term “fly” and “flying” should be understood in the broad aspect of the invention, i.e. move/moving, respectively.
Claims (17)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IL137572 | 2000-07-28 | ||
IL13757200A IL137572A0 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2000-07-28 | Compact inertial measurement unit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20020011106A1 true US20020011106A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
US6412346B2 US6412346B2 (en) | 2002-07-02 |
Family
ID=11074459
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/801,677 Expired - Fee Related US6412346B2 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2001-03-09 | Compact inertial measurement unit |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6412346B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1176391A3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL137572A0 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106441264A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-22 | 上海航天控制技术研究所 | Optical fiber inertial measurement unit used for spacecraft |
DE102017130126A1 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-19 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Gyroscope carrier structure, inertial spacecraft measurement unit and spacecraft |
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US7380457B2 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2008-06-03 | Honeywell International Inc. | Mechanical retainer for SAW torque sensor button |
US8037754B2 (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2011-10-18 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Integrated inertial measurement system and methods of constructing the same |
CN101349564B (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2010-12-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | Inertial measurement apparatus |
US8056412B2 (en) * | 2008-09-10 | 2011-11-15 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Inertial measurement unit and method of constructing the same using two orthogonal surfaces |
US9706948B2 (en) * | 2010-05-06 | 2017-07-18 | Sachin Bhandari | Inertial sensor based surgical navigation system for knee replacement surgery |
CN102435190B (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-10-23 | 中国航空工业第六一八研究所 | Redundancy sensor inertial measurement device |
FI124697B (en) * | 2012-04-04 | 2014-12-15 | Jc Inertial Oy | Positioning of vehicles |
FR2991044B1 (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2014-05-09 | Sagem Defense Securite | INERTIAL PLATFORM WITH VIBRATION GYROSCOPES MOUNTED ON A CARROUSEL AND METHOD OF ANGULAR MEASUREMENT |
CN104969078B (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2018-04-10 | 基斯特勒控股公司 | Method for manufacturing acceleration transducer |
CN104154933B (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2017-04-05 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | A kind of method based on vibrating fatigue theory analysis inertial measurement system failure mode |
US10187977B2 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2019-01-22 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Head mounted computing device, adhesive joint system and method |
US10869393B2 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2020-12-15 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Pedestal mounting of sensor system |
RU2639285C1 (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-12-20 | Публичное акционерное общество "Московский институт электромеханики и автоматики" (ПАО "МИЭА") | Three-axis micromechanical block of sensitive elements |
US10472098B2 (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2019-11-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Mass efficient reaction wheel assembly systems including multi-faceted bracket structures |
RU2660013C2 (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-04 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова" (МГУ) | Device for control of mutual orientation and mutual position of measurement devices |
RU2662455C1 (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2018-07-26 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова" (МГУ) | Device for control of mutual orientation and mutual position of measurement devices |
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US5363700A (en) * | 1992-11-17 | 1994-11-15 | Honeywell Inc. | Skewed axis inertial sensor assembly |
US5579110A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1996-11-26 | Honeywell Inc. | In-line multiple rotation sensor assembly |
US5822065A (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-10-13 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Conically arranged fiber optic gyroscope coils |
-
2000
- 2000-07-28 IL IL13757200A patent/IL137572A0/en unknown
-
2001
- 2001-03-09 EP EP01302200A patent/EP1176391A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-03-09 US US09/801,677 patent/US6412346B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106441264A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-22 | 上海航天控制技术研究所 | Optical fiber inertial measurement unit used for spacecraft |
DE102017130126A1 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-19 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Gyroscope carrier structure, inertial spacecraft measurement unit and spacecraft |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL137572A0 (en) | 2003-06-24 |
EP1176391A3 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
EP1176391A2 (en) | 2002-01-30 |
US6412346B2 (en) | 2002-07-02 |
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