US20020005052A1 - Fiber optic draw furnace featuring a fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing programmable logic controller - Google Patents

Fiber optic draw furnace featuring a fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing programmable logic controller Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020005052A1
US20020005052A1 US09/233,816 US23381699A US2002005052A1 US 20020005052 A1 US20020005052 A1 US 20020005052A1 US 23381699 A US23381699 A US 23381699A US 2002005052 A1 US2002005052 A1 US 2002005052A1
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fiber
fiber optic
heating
furnace
optic preform
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US09/233,816
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US6354113B2 (en
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Daniel D. Uhm
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Draka Comteq BV
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Priority to US09/233,816 priority Critical patent/US6354113B2/en
Priority to JP08655799A priority patent/JP3773374B2/en
Priority to CNB991051866A priority patent/CN1228265C/en
Priority to DK99403212T priority patent/DK1022259T3/en
Priority to AT99403212T priority patent/ATE322468T1/en
Priority to DE69930713T priority patent/DE69930713T2/en
Priority to EP99403212A priority patent/EP1022259B1/en
Publication of US20020005052A1 publication Critical patent/US20020005052A1/en
Publication of US6354113B2 publication Critical patent/US6354113B2/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C03B37/0253—Controlling or regulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2205/00—Fibre drawing or extruding details
    • C03B2205/40—Monitoring or regulating the draw tension or draw rate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2205/00—Fibre drawing or extruding details
    • C03B2205/60—Optical fibre draw furnaces
    • C03B2205/72—Controlling or measuring the draw furnace temperature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fiber optical fiber draw furnace for drawing optical fiber from a preform.
  • Known fiber optic draw furnaces control the draw of the optical fiber from the preform by monitoring various parameters, including among others fiber tension, fiber diameter, fiber velocity and furnace temperature. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,079,433; 5,228,893 and 5,316,562.
  • the use of the sight port results in several disadvantages including among other things uneven heating of the preform (temperature profile not uniform due to heat sink created by pyrometer port), accelerated graphite erosion (heating element, furnace insulation, etc.), and improper alignment and calibration of the pyrometer for proper furnace control feedback. Induced stresses created by a non-uniform thermal profile can result in optical and physical defects in the drawn fiber such as elevated attenuation loss, fiber curl, etc.
  • the present invention provides a fiber optic draw furnace having a fiber optic heating and draw control system that controls the heating of a fiber optic preform which is partially melted by a furnace and the drawing of an optical fiber from the fiber optic preform by a fiber drawing device.
  • the fiber optic heating and draw control system features a fiber optic heating and drawing device controller that responds to a furnace power consumption control signal from a fiber optic preform heating device in the furnace, for providing a furnace heating control signal to the fiber optic preform heating device in the furnace and a fiber tension draw control signal to the fiber drawing device to maintain a desired fiber draw tension on the optical fiber.
  • the fiber optic heating and drawing device controller is a programmable logic controller.
  • the fiber optic preform heating feedback signal from the fiber optic preform heating device is a furnace power consumption feedback signal that feeds information about the power consumption of the furnace back to the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller.
  • the furnace power consumption feedback signal includes information about a sensed measurement of voltage and amperage of electrical energy used to heat the furnace.
  • One advantage of the present invention is that it eliminates the need for an optical pyrometer port, which results in a symmetrical temperature profile around the circumference of the preform and also helps eliminate induced stresses that can cause defects in an optical fiber.
  • Another advantage is that the overall furnace life is increased, reducing operating costs, because graphite erosion is reduced. Reducing graphite erosion results in a cleaner furnace (dramatically reduces graphite dust and particulate generation) and increased furnace stability and longevity. This results in a cleaner furnace having significantly less graphite dust and particulate generation while increasing furnace stability and longevity. A clean furnace is essential for the manufacturing of high strength optical fiber.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fiber optic draw furnace that is the subject matter of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fiber optic draw furnace generally indicated as 10 for drawing an optical fiber F from a molten preform 12 .
  • the fiber optic draw furnace 10 includes a furnace heating chamber 14 , a fiber optic preform heating device 16 , a fiber tension sensing means 18 , a fiber drawing means 20 , and a fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means 22 .
  • the fiber optic draw furnace 10 may be an optical graphite furnace, although the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to any particular type of furnace.
  • the furnace heating chamber 14 houses the fiber optic preform heating device 16 , which continuously heats and partially melts the molten preform 12 .
  • the fiber drawing means 20 draws the optical fiber F from the molten preform 12 as a melting glass.
  • the fiber optic preform heating means 16 responds to a fiber optic preform heating control signal along line 22 a from the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means 22 , for heating the molten preform 12 , and provides a fiber optic preform heating feedback signal along line 16 a back to the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means 22 .
  • the preform heating device 16 is known in the art, and the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to any particular type thereof.
  • the preform heating device 16 may be of the graphite resistance type, although other forms of heating devices are clearly intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
  • the optical fiber F As fiber optic preform 12 begins melting, the optical fiber F is formed.
  • the optical fiber F passes a fiber tension sensing means 18 , which senses a fiber tension.
  • the fiber tension sensing means 18 responds to a tension sensed in the optical fiber F, for providing a sensed fiber tension signal along line 18 a to the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means 22 .
  • the fiber tension sensing means 18 is known in the art, and may include a non-contact type. Embodiments are also envisioned in which the fiber tension sensing means 18 is a contact type, which are also known in the art, although the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to any particular way of sensing fiber tension.
  • the fiber drawing means 20 responds to a fiber drawing control signal along line 22 b from the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means 22 , for drawing the optical fiber F.
  • the fiber drawing means 20 is known in the art, and the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to any particular type thereof.
  • the fiber drawing means 20 is also known in the art as a capstan.
  • the drawing device 20 may sometimes be downstream of other devices, such as a fiber coating applicator (not shown), which are not a part of the present invention shown and described herein.
  • the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means 22 responds to the fiber optic preform heating feedback signal along line 16 a from the preform heating device 16 , and further responds to the sensed fiber tension signal along line 18 a from the fiber tension sensing means 18 , for providing the fiber optic preform heating control signal along line 22 a to the fiber optic preform heating means 16 to control the heating of the fiber optic preform 12 , and also for providing the fiber drawing control signal along line 22 b to the fiber drawing means 20 to control the drawing of the optical fiber (F).
  • the fiber optic preform heating and drawing controller means 22 may be a programmable logic controller (PLC), or a microprocessor-based architecture for running a fiber optic preform heating and drawing controller program. In operation, the programmable logic controller 22 maintains desired draw tension by controlling the preform heating device 16 and the draw capstan 20 .
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • the scope of the invention is intended to cover embodiments using hardware, software or a combination thereof.
  • the fiber optic preform heating feedback signal along line 16 a from the fiber optic preform heating means ( 16 ) is a furnace power consumption feedback signal that feeds information about the power consumption of the furnace ( 10 ) back to the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means ( 22 ).
  • the furnace power consumption feedback signal includes information about a sensed measurement of voltage and amperage of electrical energy used to heat the furnace ( 10 ).
  • the present invention uses power control instead of temperature control to predict the melting rate of the fiber optic preform 12 .
  • the power control relies on the principal of power feedback using a preform heating feedback signal 24 to control fiber optic draw tension.
  • the power in the form of current and voltage consumed by the fiber optic preform heating element 16 is fed back to the programmable logic controller 22 in the process control loop.
  • the fiber optic draw tension is controlled without the need for sensing the furnace temperature.
  • the power control can also be accomplished by measuring consumption of any type of energy used to heat the fiber optic preform 12 , whether it be electric or otherwise.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a fiber optic draw furnace having a fiber optic heating and draw control system that controls the heating of a fiber optic preform which is partially melted by a furnace and the drawing of an optical fiber from the fiber optic preform by a fiber drawing device. The fiber optic heating and draw control system features a fiber optic heating and drawing device controller that responds to a furnace power consumption control signal from a fiber optic preform heating device in the furnace, for providing a furnace heating control signal to the fiber optic preform heating device in the furnace and a fiber tension draw control signal to the fiber drawing device to maintain a desired fiber draw tension on the optical fiber. In one embodiment, the fiber optic heating and drawing device controller is a programmable logic controller. One advantage of the present invention is that it eliminates the need for an optical pyrometer port, which results in a symmetrical temperature profile around the circumference of the preform and also helps eliminate induced stresses that can cause defects in an optical fiber.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention [0001]
  • The present invention relates to a fiber optical fiber draw furnace for drawing optical fiber from a preform. [0002]
  • 2. Description of Related Art [0003]
  • Known fiber optic draw furnaces control the draw of the optical fiber from the preform by monitoring various parameters, including among others fiber tension, fiber diameter, fiber velocity and furnace temperature. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,079,433; 5,228,893 and 5,316,562. [0004]
  • Existing graphite resistance fiber optic draw furnace control methods utilize temperature feedback based on optical measurement using a pyrometer to control furnace temperature. The pyrometer requires a sight “port” that is essentially a cylindrical hole through the insulation material. [0005]
  • The use of the sight port results in several disadvantages including among other things uneven heating of the preform (temperature profile not uniform due to heat sink created by pyrometer port), accelerated graphite erosion (heating element, furnace insulation, etc.), and improper alignment and calibration of the pyrometer for proper furnace control feedback. Induced stresses created by a non-uniform thermal profile can result in optical and physical defects in the drawn fiber such as elevated attenuation loss, fiber curl, etc. [0006]
  • Another disadvantage of using a site port is that it will darken over time due to the frequent condensation of material on the transparent wall which blocks the light flux to be measured, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,317,666, [0007] column 1, lines 36-43.
  • Yet another disadvantage is that induced stresses are created by the non-uniform thermal profile of the preform which result in optical and physical defects in the drawn fiber such as elevated attenuation loss and fiber curl. [0008]
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention provides a fiber optic draw furnace having a fiber optic heating and draw control system that controls the heating of a fiber optic preform which is partially melted by a furnace and the drawing of an optical fiber from the fiber optic preform by a fiber drawing device. [0009]
  • The fiber optic heating and draw control system features a fiber optic heating and drawing device controller that responds to a furnace power consumption control signal from a fiber optic preform heating device in the furnace, for providing a furnace heating control signal to the fiber optic preform heating device in the furnace and a fiber tension draw control signal to the fiber drawing device to maintain a desired fiber draw tension on the optical fiber. [0010]
  • In one embodiment, the fiber optic heating and drawing device controller is a programmable logic controller. [0011]
  • The fiber optic preform heating feedback signal from the fiber optic preform heating device is a furnace power consumption feedback signal that feeds information about the power consumption of the furnace back to the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller. [0012]
  • The furnace power consumption feedback signal includes information about a sensed measurement of voltage and amperage of electrical energy used to heat the furnace. [0013]
  • One advantage of the present invention is that it eliminates the need for an optical pyrometer port, which results in a symmetrical temperature profile around the circumference of the preform and also helps eliminate induced stresses that can cause defects in an optical fiber. [0014]
  • Another advantage is that the overall furnace life is increased, reducing operating costs, because graphite erosion is reduced. Reducing graphite erosion results in a cleaner furnace (dramatically reduces graphite dust and particulate generation) and increased furnace stability and longevity. This results in a cleaner furnace having significantly less graphite dust and particulate generation while increasing furnace stability and longevity. A clean furnace is essential for the manufacturing of high strength optical fiber. [0015]
  • The present invention may be more clearly understood from the following description of a specific and preferred embodiment read in conjunction with the accompanying detailed drawing.[0016]
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fiber optic draw furnace that is the subject matter of the present invention.[0017]
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE BEST MODE OF THE INVENTION
  • FIG. 1 shows a fiber optic draw furnace generally indicated as [0018] 10 for drawing an optical fiber F from a molten preform 12. The fiber optic draw furnace 10 includes a furnace heating chamber 14, a fiber optic preform heating device 16, a fiber tension sensing means 18, a fiber drawing means 20, and a fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means 22. In one embodiment, the fiber optic draw furnace 10 may be an optical graphite furnace, although the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to any particular type of furnace.
  • The [0019] furnace heating chamber 14 houses the fiber optic preform heating device 16, which continuously heats and partially melts the molten preform 12. The fiber drawing means 20 draws the optical fiber F from the molten preform 12 as a melting glass.
  • In operation, the fiber optic preform heating means [0020] 16 responds to a fiber optic preform heating control signal along line 22 a from the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means 22, for heating the molten preform 12, and provides a fiber optic preform heating feedback signal along line 16 a back to the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means 22. The preform heating device 16 is known in the art, and the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to any particular type thereof. The preform heating device 16 may be of the graphite resistance type, although other forms of heating devices are clearly intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
  • As fiber [0021] optic preform 12 begins melting, the optical fiber F is formed. The optical fiber F passes a fiber tension sensing means 18, which senses a fiber tension. The fiber tension sensing means 18 responds to a tension sensed in the optical fiber F, for providing a sensed fiber tension signal along line 18 a to the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means 22. The fiber tension sensing means 18 is known in the art, and may include a non-contact type. Embodiments are also envisioned in which the fiber tension sensing means 18 is a contact type, which are also known in the art, although the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to any particular way of sensing fiber tension.
  • The fiber drawing means [0022] 20 responds to a fiber drawing control signal along line 22 b from the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means 22, for drawing the optical fiber F. The fiber drawing means 20 is known in the art, and the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to any particular type thereof. The fiber drawing means 20 is also known in the art as a capstan. The drawing device 20 may sometimes be downstream of other devices, such as a fiber coating applicator (not shown), which are not a part of the present invention shown and described herein.
  • The fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means [0023] 22 responds to the fiber optic preform heating feedback signal along line 16 a from the preform heating device 16, and further responds to the sensed fiber tension signal along line 18 a from the fiber tension sensing means 18, for providing the fiber optic preform heating control signal along line 22 a to the fiber optic preform heating means 16 to control the heating of the fiber optic preform 12, and also for providing the fiber drawing control signal along line 22 b to the fiber drawing means 20 to control the drawing of the optical fiber (F). The fiber optic preform heating and drawing controller means 22 may be a programmable logic controller (PLC), or a microprocessor-based architecture for running a fiber optic preform heating and drawing controller program. In operation, the programmable logic controller 22 maintains desired draw tension by controlling the preform heating device 16 and the draw capstan 20. The scope of the invention is intended to cover embodiments using hardware, software or a combination thereof.
  • In operation, the fiber optic preform heating feedback signal along line [0024] 16 a from the fiber optic preform heating means (16) is a furnace power consumption feedback signal that feeds information about the power consumption of the furnace (10) back to the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means (22). The furnace power consumption feedback signal includes information about a sensed measurement of voltage and amperage of electrical energy used to heat the furnace (10).
  • In effect, the present invention uses power control instead of temperature control to predict the melting rate of the fiber [0025] optic preform 12. The power control relies on the principal of power feedback using a preform heating feedback signal 24 to control fiber optic draw tension. The power in the form of current and voltage consumed by the fiber optic preform heating element 16 is fed back to the programmable logic controller 22 in the process control loop. As a result, the fiber optic draw tension is controlled without the need for sensing the furnace temperature. The power control can also be accomplished by measuring consumption of any type of energy used to heat the fiber optic preform 12, whether it be electric or otherwise.
  • As those skilled in the art will recognize, the invention is not necessarily limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and the inventive concept may be implemented in additional ways, all in accordance with the claims below. [0026]

Claims (8)

What is claimed is:
1. A furnace (10) for heating a fiber optic preform (12) inside a furnace heating chamber (14) and drawing an optical fiber (F), comprising:
fiber optic preform heating means (16), responsive to a fiber optic preform heating control signal, for heating the fiber optic preform (12), and for further providing a fiber optic preform heating feedback signal;
fiber tension sensing means (18), responsive to a tension of the optical fiber (F), for providing a sensed fiber tension signal;
fiber drawing means (20), responsive to a fiber drawing control signal, for drawing the optical fiber (F); and
fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means (22), responsive to the fiber optic preform heating feedback signal, and further responsive to the sensed fiber tension signal, for providing the fiber optic preform heating control signal to the fiber optic preform heating means (16) to control the heating of the fiber optic preform (12), and for providing the fiber drawing control signal to the fiber drawing means (20) to control the drawing of the optical fiber (F);
whereby the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means (22) controls fiber draw tension of the fiber optic preform (12) independent of the temperature of the furnace (10).
2. A furnace (10) according to claim 1, wherein the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means (22) is a programmable logic controller.
3. A furnace (10) according to claim 1,
wherein the fiber tension sensing means (18) is a non-contact fiber tension device that responds to the tension of the optical fiber (F), for providing a non-contact sensed fiber tension signal to the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means (22).
4. A furnace (10) according to claim 1, wherein the fiber optic preform heating feedback signal from the fiber optic preform heating means (16) is a furnace power consumption feedback signal that feeds information about the furnace power consumption of the furnace (10) back to the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means (22).
5. A furnace (10) according to claim 4, wherein the furnace power consumption feedback signal includes information about a sensed measurement of voltage and amperage of electrical energy used to heat the furnace (10).
6. A furnace (10) for heating a fiber optic preform (12) inside a furnace heating chamber (14) and drawing an optical fiber (F), having fiber optic preform heating means (16) for heating the fiber optic preform (12), having non-contact fiber tension sensing means (18) for providing a non-contact sensed fiber tension signal, and also having a fiber drawing means (20) for drawing the optical fiber (F), characterized in that the furnace (10) comprises a fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing programmable logic controller (22) that responds to a fiber optic preform heating furnace power consumption feedback signal from the fiber optic preform heating means (16), and further responds to a sensed fiber tension signal from the non-contact fiber tension sensing means (18), for providing a fiber optic preform heating control signal to the fiber optic preform heating means (16) to control the heating of the fiber optic preform (12), and for providing a fiber drawing control signal to the fiber drawing means (20) to control the drawing of the optical fiber (F);
whereby the fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing controller means (22) controls fiber draw tension of the fiber optic preform (12) without the need for sensing the temperature of the furnace (10).
7. A furnace (10) according to claim 6, wherein the furnace power consumption feedback signal includes information about a sensed measurement of voltage and amperage of electrical energy used to heat the furnace (10).
8. A fiber optic heating and draw control system for a furnace (10) for controlling the continuous heating of a fiber optic preform (12) that is partially melted by a furnace and the continuous drawing of an optical fiber from the fiber optic preform (12) by a fiber drawing device (20),
characterized in that the fiber optic heating and draw control system comprises a fiber optic heating and drawing device controller (22) that responds to a furnace power consumption control signal (24) from a fiber optic preform heating device (16) in the furnace (10), for providing a furnace heating control signal (26) to the fiber optic preform heating device (16) in the furnace (10) and a fiber tension draw control signal (30) to the fiber drawing device (20) to maintain a desired fiber draw tension on the optical fiber (F).
US09/233,816 1999-01-20 1999-01-20 Fiber optic draw furnace featuring a fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing programmable logic controller Expired - Lifetime US6354113B2 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/233,816 US6354113B2 (en) 1999-01-20 1999-01-20 Fiber optic draw furnace featuring a fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing programmable logic controller
JP08655799A JP3773374B2 (en) 1999-01-20 1999-03-29 Optical fiber drawing furnace featuring programmable logic controller for optical fiber preform heating and fiber drawing
CNB991051866A CN1228265C (en) 1999-01-20 1999-04-27 Optical fiber draw machines with programmable logical controller
AT99403212T ATE322468T1 (en) 1999-01-20 1999-12-20 OVEN FOR PULLING AN OPTICAL FIBER FROM A PREFORM WITH A CONTROLLER FOR CONTROLLING THE OVEN TEMPERATURE AND THE DRAWING FORCE INDEPENDENTLY
DK99403212T DK1022259T3 (en) 1999-01-20 1999-12-20 Oven for drawing an optical fiber from a preform with a control device for independent control of the oven temperature and the pulling voltage
DE69930713T DE69930713T2 (en) 1999-01-20 1999-12-20 Furnace for drawing an optical fiber from a preform with a regulator for controlling the furnace temperature and the pulling force independently
EP99403212A EP1022259B1 (en) 1999-01-20 1999-12-20 Furnace for drawing an optical fibre from a preform having a controller for independently controlling the furnace temperature and the draw tension

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/233,816 US6354113B2 (en) 1999-01-20 1999-01-20 Fiber optic draw furnace featuring a fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing programmable logic controller

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US20020005052A1 true US20020005052A1 (en) 2002-01-17
US6354113B2 US6354113B2 (en) 2002-03-12

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US09/233,816 Expired - Lifetime US6354113B2 (en) 1999-01-20 1999-01-20 Fiber optic draw furnace featuring a fiber optic preform heating and fiber drawing programmable logic controller

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US (1) US6354113B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1022259B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3773374B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1228265C (en)
AT (1) ATE322468T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69930713T2 (en)
DK (1) DK1022259T3 (en)

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ATE322468T1 (en) 2006-04-15
CN1228265C (en) 2005-11-23
EP1022259A1 (en) 2000-07-26
JP3773374B2 (en) 2006-05-10
DK1022259T3 (en) 2006-07-24
US6354113B2 (en) 2002-03-12
JP2000211939A (en) 2000-08-02
EP1022259B1 (en) 2006-04-05
DE69930713D1 (en) 2006-05-18
CN1261061A (en) 2000-07-26

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