US20010006339A1 - Circuit configuration for regulating the power consumption of an integrated circuit - Google Patents
Circuit configuration for regulating the power consumption of an integrated circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010006339A1 US20010006339A1 US09/752,920 US75292001A US2001006339A1 US 20010006339 A1 US20010006339 A1 US 20010006339A1 US 75292001 A US75292001 A US 75292001A US 2001006339 A1 US2001006339 A1 US 2001006339A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- integrated circuit
- load
- power
- circuit
- circuit configuration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C5/00—Details of stores covered by group G11C11/00
- G11C5/14—Power supply arrangements, e.g. power down, chip selection or deselection, layout of wirings or power grids, or multiple supply levels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a circuit configuration for regulating the power consumption of an integrated circuit.
- Integrated circuits are supplied with energy by a supply voltage, with a current flowing into the integrated circuit.
- the power drawn and also the supply voltage and the current drawn in integrated circuits has been subject to change in the past.
- the operating voltage of processors has been lowered from 5 volts to 3.3 volts.
- SIA Roadmap Silicon Industry Association
- a further problem is the control of system noise. If, by way of example, an integrated circuit is changed from an idle state, in which the activity of the integrated circuit is low and hence the current drawn is likewise low, into a state with a high level of activity, this results in an abrupt change in current on the supply line of approximately 290 amps, which needs to be controlled. Even if the current supply line has a low power resistance of only 0.01 m ⁇ , an abrupt change in current of 100 amps results in a voltage drop of 1 volt. A voltage drop of this order of magnitude is unacceptable and is not possible when the integrated circuit is being operated with only a 0.6 volt supply voltage.
- the circuit configuration includes an integrated circuit for drawing a power and which has electrical contacts for connecting to a supply voltage; and a load for drawing a controllable power which is dependent upon the power drawn by the integrated circuit.
- the advantage of the solution according to the invention is the uniform power drawn by the integrated circuit as perceived by the voltage source. This response is advantageously permitted by a load which draws power in parallel with the integrated circuit when the integrated circuit is consuming relatively little power, with the result that the combination of integrated circuit and load draws an approximately constant power.
- the load converts electrical energy into thermal energy. As a result of this configuration, the excess power is consumed.
- the load is controlled such that the power consumption of the combination of the integrated circuit and the load is essentially constant.
- the effect achieved by this regulating measure is that the power drawn by the combination of integrated circuit and load is essentially constant at least intermittently. This prevents current surges and current dips on the supply line.
- a further advantage is that the load draws more power when the integrated circuit is drawing relatively little power. This approach means that the power not consumed by the integrated circuit is drawn by the load, and current surges and current dips on the supply lines are likewise prevented.
- the power drawn by the load is reduced during a period of time when the power drawn by the load is essentially constant. This makes it possible to lower the power drawn by the combination of integrated circuit and load at times of little activity, when the load is drawing a large part of the power. This is preferably effected using a time constant which is large in comparison with the reciprocal of an operating frequency of the integrated circuit. This reduces the total power drawn by the combination of integrated circuit and load, which lengthens the operating time of a battery-operated circuit. In addition, the power drawn by the load is not reduced entirely to zero so that there is a reserve for an increase in consumption by the integrated circuit. The reserve is available immediately if the integrated circuit draws more power.
- the load, the load controller and/or a load regulator are/is configured in the integrated circuit. This permits a compact design requiring no additional effort outside the integrated circuit.
- the load includes a controllable resistor, a transistor, a capacitor and/or a further integrated circuit.
- a transistor may be in the form of, by way of example, a field-effect transistor or bipolar transistor and can be connected to circuit elements such as resistors, capacitors and inductors.
- the load it is advantageous for the load to be in the form of a further integrated circuit. Activation of sub-regions of the further integrated circuit permits the power drawn to be controlled.
- the power consumption of the combination of integrated circuit and load are lowered when the integrated circuit is transferred to an idle state. This prevents switching pulses and current surges on the supply lines, which could result in voltage drops in the supply voltage.
- the operating frequency of the integrated circuit is lowered when the integrated circuit is transferred to an idle state. This approach slowly lowers the power drawn by the integrated circuit when transferring to an idle state, and current surges on the supply lines are prevented.
- FIG. 1 shows an inventive configuration with a load having a regulator/controller
- FIG. 2 shows another inventive configuration with a load and a separate regulator/controller
- FIG. 3 shows another inventive configuration with a load and a separate regulator/controller
- FIG. 4 shows an inventive configuration for frequency control
- FIG. 5 shows another inventive configuration with a load.
- FIG. 1 there is shown an integrated circuit 1 that is suitable for making the power consumption between a supply potential 2 and a reference-ground potential 3 uniform, at least intermittently. This is achieved by virtue of the fact that the load 4 with the integrated regulator/controller draws a constant power via the supply potential 2 and, depending on requirements, passes it on to the integrated circuit 1 or consumes it directly.
- the load 4 with the regulator/controller can be configured as a separate component outside the integrated circuit 1 , or can be produced directly in the integrated circuit. po With reference to FIG. 2, a further inventive configuration is shown. This configuration includes a reference-ground potential 3 , a supply potential 2 , and also a regulator/controller 6 for a load 5 .
- the load 5 is controlled by means of a control signal 7 , so that the power drawn by the integrated circuit 1 and by the load 5 is made uniform, at least intermittently.
- the regulator/controller 6 ensures that the power drawn by the integrated circuit 1 and by the load 5 is approximately constant, so that the power impressed via the supply potential 2 and via the reference-ground potential 3 is uniform at least intermittently. To this end, the regulator/controller 6 measures the current impressed via the supply potential 2 and ensures that this current is approximately constant. This is achieved by controlling a load 5 by means of the control signal 7 .
- FIG. 3 shows a variant of the configuration illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the configuration differs from that shown in FIG. 2 in that the regulator/controller 6 measures only the current drawn by the integrated circuit 1 , and does not, as in FIG. 2, measure the current drawn both by the integrated circuit and by the load. Again, the regulating/control unit 6 controls the power drawn by the load 5 .
- FIG. 4 Another variant of the inventive configuration is illustrated.
- An integrated circuit 1 is connected to a reference-ground potential 3 and to a supply potential 2 .
- a frequency controller 8 is provided which uses a frequency control signal 9 to control the operating frequency of the integrated circuit 1 .
- This configuration makes it possible to match the operating frequency of the integrated circuit 1 to the present operating state.
- the operating frequency of the integrated circuit 1 can be slowly reduced during relatively long idle phases of the integrated circuit 1 , in order thereby to prevent current surges on the supply potential 2 .
- FIG. 5 shows a further example of an inventive configuration.
- a chip 10 is connected to a reference-ground potential 3 and to a supply potential 2 .
- a capacitance is provided outside the chip 10 .
- the chip 10 has eight connections which are connected to the supply potential 2 and eight connections which are connected to the reference-ground potential 3 .
- the eight lines for the reference-ground potential are shown in the chip 10 using an equivalent circuit diagram including a respective inductor and a respective resistor.
- the eight lines for the supply potential are shown using a respective inductor and a respective resistor as an equivalent circuit diagram.
- the eight lines for the reference-ground potential 3 are connected together at a ground node 11 , and the eight lines for the supply potential are connected together at a voltage node 12 .
- Configured between the ground node 11 and the voltage node 12 are a load 5 and a capacitance.
- an integrated circuit 1 is connected to the ground node 11 .
- the integrated circuit 1 is connected to a voltage regulator 6 , which, for its part, is connected to the voltage node 12 and, by means of the control signal 7 , to the control mechanism for the load 5 .
- the load 5 can be in the form of a controllable resistor, a transistor, or an integrated circuit. If the load 5 is in the form of an integrated circuit, then it can be designed such that circuit configurations equivalent to configurations of the integrated circuit are formed, which are activated and deactivated depending on the power consumption of the integrated circuit.
- a ring oscillator for example, is suitable for this purpose, which can be enlarged or reduced depending on the power consumption of the integrated circuit 1 .
- parallel ring oscillators can be activated.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a circuit configuration for regulating the power consumption of an integrated circuit.
- Integrated circuits are supplied with energy by a supply voltage, with a current flowing into the integrated circuit. The power drawn and also the supply voltage and the current drawn in integrated circuits has been subject to change in the past. Thus, for example, the operating voltage of processors has been lowered from 5 volts to 3.3 volts.
- It is expected that future development of integrated circuits will proceed in accordance with the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, 1999 Edition, Overall Roadmap Technology Characteristics and Glossary (SIA Roadmap).
- The SIA Roadmap (Semiconductor Industry Association) forecasts the expected future development of microelectronics, as seen by a consortium of firms.
- The table below shows a comparison between today (1999) and the year 2011.
Year, technology 1999, 180 nm 2011, 50 nm Minimum supply voltage for 1.8 0.6 logic VDD/volts Power consumption/watts 90 174 Current consumption/amps 50 290 - This shows that, in the year 2011, a current of 290 amps is expected for a supply voltage of 0.6 volts. In this context, 290 amps should be regarded as a very high current value. The question arises as to how it is possible to impress 290 amps into an integrated circuit, since electrical wiring today is able to carry only one amp per bonding wire on account of electromigration. The solution to this problem is assisted by the large number of electrical connections, which will be in the order of magnitude of 10,000.
- A further problem is the control of system noise. If, by way of example, an integrated circuit is changed from an idle state, in which the activity of the integrated circuit is low and hence the current drawn is likewise low, into a state with a high level of activity, this results in an abrupt change in current on the supply line of approximately 290 amps, which needs to be controlled. Even if the current supply line has a low power resistance of only 0.01 mΩ, an abrupt change in current of 100 amps results in a voltage drop of 1 volt. A voltage drop of this order of magnitude is unacceptable and is not possible when the integrated circuit is being operated with only a 0.6 volt supply voltage.
- Typically, fluctuations in the supply voltage are tolerated in a range of 10% of the supply voltage.
- It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a circuit configuration for drawing power from a voltage source which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantageous of the prior art apparatus of this general type, and in which the drawn power, as seen by a voltage source, is essentially uniform, at least intermittently.
- With the foregoing and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention a circuit configuration for regulating power consumption of an integrated circuit. The circuit configuration includes an integrated circuit for drawing a power and which has electrical contacts for connecting to a supply voltage; and a load for drawing a controllable power which is dependent upon the power drawn by the integrated circuit.
- The advantage of the solution according to the invention is the uniform power drawn by the integrated circuit as perceived by the voltage source. This response is advantageously permitted by a load which draws power in parallel with the integrated circuit when the integrated circuit is consuming relatively little power, with the result that the combination of integrated circuit and load draws an approximately constant power.
- In accordance with an added feature of the invention, the load converts electrical energy into thermal energy. As a result of this configuration, the excess power is consumed.
- In accordance with an additional feature of the invention, the load is controlled such that the power consumption of the combination of the integrated circuit and the load is essentially constant. The effect achieved by this regulating measure is that the power drawn by the combination of integrated circuit and load is essentially constant at least intermittently. This prevents current surges and current dips on the supply line.
- A further advantage is that the load draws more power when the integrated circuit is drawing relatively little power. This approach means that the power not consumed by the integrated circuit is drawn by the load, and current surges and current dips on the supply lines are likewise prevented.
- In accordance with another feature of the invention, the power drawn by the load is reduced during a period of time when the power drawn by the load is essentially constant. This makes it possible to lower the power drawn by the combination of integrated circuit and load at times of little activity, when the load is drawing a large part of the power. This is preferably effected using a time constant which is large in comparison with the reciprocal of an operating frequency of the integrated circuit. This reduces the total power drawn by the combination of integrated circuit and load, which lengthens the operating time of a battery-operated circuit. In addition, the power drawn by the load is not reduced entirely to zero so that there is a reserve for an increase in consumption by the integrated circuit. The reserve is available immediately if the integrated circuit draws more power.
- In accordance with a further feature of the invention, the load, the load controller and/or a load regulator are/is configured in the integrated circuit. This permits a compact design requiring no additional effort outside the integrated circuit.
- In accordance with a further added feature of the invention, the load includes a controllable resistor, a transistor, a capacitor and/or a further integrated circuit. A transistor may be in the form of, by way of example, a field-effect transistor or bipolar transistor and can be connected to circuit elements such as resistors, capacitors and inductors. In addition, it is advantageous for the load to be in the form of a further integrated circuit. Activation of sub-regions of the further integrated circuit permits the power drawn to be controlled.
- In accordance with a further additional feature of the invention, the power consumption of the combination of integrated circuit and load are lowered when the integrated circuit is transferred to an idle state. This prevents switching pulses and current surges on the supply lines, which could result in voltage drops in the supply voltage.
- In accordance with a concomitant feature of the invention, the operating frequency of the integrated circuit is lowered when the integrated circuit is transferred to an idle state. This approach slowly lowers the power drawn by the integrated circuit when transferring to an idle state, and current surges on the supply lines are prevented.
- Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims.
- Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in a circuit configuration for regulating the power consumption of an integrated circuit, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims.
- The construction and method of operation of the invention, however, together with additional objects and advantages thereof will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
- FIG. 1 shows an inventive configuration with a load having a regulator/controller;
- FIG. 2 shows another inventive configuration with a load and a separate regulator/controller;
- FIG. 3 shows another inventive configuration with a load and a separate regulator/controller;
- FIG. 4 shows an inventive configuration for frequency control; and
- FIG. 5 shows another inventive configuration with a load.
- Referring now to the figures of the drawing in detail and first, particularly, to FIG. 1 thereof, there is shown an
integrated circuit 1 that is suitable for making the power consumption between asupply potential 2 and a reference-ground potential 3 uniform, at least intermittently. This is achieved by virtue of the fact that the load 4 with the integrated regulator/controller draws a constant power via thesupply potential 2 and, depending on requirements, passes it on to the integratedcircuit 1 or consumes it directly. - In this context, the load4 with the regulator/controller can be configured as a separate component outside the integrated
circuit 1, or can be produced directly in the integrated circuit. po With reference to FIG. 2, a further inventive configuration is shown. This configuration includes a reference-ground potential 3, asupply potential 2, and also a regulator/controller 6 for a load 5. The load 5 is controlled by means of a control signal 7, so that the power drawn by theintegrated circuit 1 and by the load 5 is made uniform, at least intermittently. - The regulator/
controller 6 ensures that the power drawn by theintegrated circuit 1 and by the load 5 is approximately constant, so that the power impressed via thesupply potential 2 and via the reference-ground potential 3 is uniform at least intermittently. To this end, the regulator/controller 6 measures the current impressed via thesupply potential 2 and ensures that this current is approximately constant. This is achieved by controlling a load 5 by means of the control signal 7. - FIG. 3 shows a variant of the configuration illustrated in FIG. 2. The configuration differs from that shown in FIG. 2 in that the regulator/
controller 6 measures only the current drawn by theintegrated circuit 1, and does not, as in FIG. 2, measure the current drawn both by the integrated circuit and by the load. Again, the regulating/control unit 6 controls the power drawn by the load 5. - With reference to FIG. 4, another variant of the inventive configuration is illustrated. An
integrated circuit 1 is connected to a reference-ground potential 3 and to asupply potential 2. In addition, afrequency controller 8 is provided which uses afrequency control signal 9 to control the operating frequency of theintegrated circuit 1. This configuration makes it possible to match the operating frequency of theintegrated circuit 1 to the present operating state. Thus, for example, the operating frequency of theintegrated circuit 1 can be slowly reduced during relatively long idle phases of theintegrated circuit 1, in order thereby to prevent current surges on thesupply potential 2. - FIG. 5 shows a further example of an inventive configuration. A
chip 10 is connected to a reference-ground potential 3 and to asupply potential 2. In this case, a capacitance is provided outside thechip 10. In this illustrative embodiment, thechip 10 has eight connections which are connected to thesupply potential 2 and eight connections which are connected to the reference-ground potential 3. The eight lines for the reference-ground potential are shown in thechip 10 using an equivalent circuit diagram including a respective inductor and a respective resistor. Similarly, the eight lines for the supply potential are shown using a respective inductor and a respective resistor as an equivalent circuit diagram. The eight lines for the reference-ground potential 3 are connected together at aground node 11, and the eight lines for the supply potential are connected together at avoltage node 12. Configured between theground node 11 and thevoltage node 12 are a load 5 and a capacitance. In addition, anintegrated circuit 1 is connected to theground node 11. Theintegrated circuit 1 is connected to avoltage regulator 6, which, for its part, is connected to thevoltage node 12 and, by means of the control signal 7, to the control mechanism for the load 5. - In all of the aforementioned illustrative embodiments, the load5 can be in the form of a controllable resistor, a transistor, or an integrated circuit. If the load 5 is in the form of an integrated circuit, then it can be designed such that circuit configurations equivalent to configurations of the integrated circuit are formed, which are activated and deactivated depending on the power consumption of the integrated circuit. A ring oscillator, for example, is suitable for this purpose, which can be enlarged or reduced depending on the power consumption of the
integrated circuit 1. Alternatively, parallel ring oscillators can be activated.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19963813A DE19963813A1 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 1999-12-30 | Circuit arrangement for regulating the power consumption of an integrated circuit |
DE19963813.6 | 1999-12-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010006339A1 true US20010006339A1 (en) | 2001-07-05 |
US6448749B2 US6448749B2 (en) | 2002-09-10 |
Family
ID=7935018
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/752,920 Expired - Lifetime US6448749B2 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2001-01-02 | Circuit configuration for regulating the power consumption of an integrated circuit |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6448749B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1118928B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001237382A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100780976B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE19963813A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW588229B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
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WO2006058235A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2006-06-01 | Chroma Systems Solutions, Inc. | System and method for regenerative burn-in |
US7802216B2 (en) | 2007-09-13 | 2010-09-21 | Rapid Bridge Llc | Area and power saving standard cell methodology |
US8722592B2 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2014-05-13 | Wincom, Inc. | Use of triazoles in reducing cobalt leaching from cobalt-containing metal working tools |
US8236205B1 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-08-07 | Wincom, Inc. | Corrosion inhibitor compositions comprising tetrahydrobenzotriazoles and other triazoles and methods for using same |
US8236204B1 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-08-07 | Wincom, Inc. | Corrosion inhibitor compositions comprising tetrahydrobenzotriazoles solubilized in activating solvents and methods for using same |
US9309205B2 (en) | 2013-10-28 | 2016-04-12 | Wincom, Inc. | Filtration process for purifying liquid azole heteroaromatic compound-containing mixtures |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB716278A (en) * | 1952-08-28 | 1954-09-29 | Cinema Television Ltd | Improvements in or relating to direct voltage stabiliser circuits |
US3532960A (en) * | 1968-05-10 | 1970-10-06 | Webb James E | Thermionic diode switch |
GB1231904A (en) * | 1969-03-07 | 1971-05-12 | ||
DE2207735A1 (en) * | 1972-02-18 | 1973-08-23 | Siemens Ag | CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR THE COORDINATE FLOWS OF A MAGNETIC CORE MEMORY |
US3924102A (en) * | 1974-05-22 | 1975-12-02 | Nicolaas W Hanekom | Apparatus for controlling temperature |
WO1985002275A1 (en) | 1983-11-07 | 1985-05-23 | Motorola, Inc. | Synthesized clock microcomputer with power saving |
JPS60124715A (en) | 1983-12-12 | 1985-07-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Power supply control circuit |
US4849611A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1989-07-18 | Raychem Corporation | Self-regulating heater employing reactive components |
KR100307683B1 (en) * | 1994-11-29 | 2001-12-17 | 어드밴테스트 코포레이션 | Temperature Compensation Circuit for IC Chips |
WO1996019764A1 (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-06-27 | Intel Corporation | Power budgeting with device specific characterization of power consumption |
US5731735A (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1998-03-24 | Advantest Corporation | Power supply circuit for driving an integrated circuit, wherein the power supply is adjusted based on temperature so that a delay variation within the IC according to temperature may be cancelled |
FR2742013B1 (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1998-03-27 | Sgs Thomson Microelectronics | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR LIMITING THE CURRENT CALL OF A CAPACITOR ASSOCIATED WITH A RECTIFIER |
FR2754669B1 (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 2002-04-12 | Alsthom Cge Alkatel | ELECTRONIC POWER MODULE, AND ELECTRONIC POWER SYSTEM INCLUDING A PLURALITY OF SAID MODULE |
JPH1174768A (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 1999-03-16 | Advantest Corp | Current consumption balance circuit for cmos circuit |
US6008686A (en) | 1997-06-24 | 1999-12-28 | Advantest Corp. | Power consumption control circuit for CMOS circuit |
KR19990035769U (en) * | 1998-02-09 | 1999-09-15 | 윤종용 | Power supply with power factor correction circuit |
US6172885B1 (en) * | 1998-04-01 | 2001-01-09 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Switched-mode power supply with mains current consumption regulation |
JP2000164809A (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2000-06-16 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Semiconductor integrated circuit |
US6169391B1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2001-01-02 | Supertex, Inc. | Device for converting high voltage alternating current to low voltage direct current |
-
1999
- 1999-12-30 DE DE19963813A patent/DE19963813A1/en active Pending
-
2000
- 2000-11-28 EP EP00126001A patent/EP1118928B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-18 TW TW089127067A patent/TW588229B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-29 KR KR1020000085719A patent/KR100780976B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-01-02 US US09/752,920 patent/US6448749B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-04 JP JP2001000197A patent/JP2001237382A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR100780976B1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
TW588229B (en) | 2004-05-21 |
JP2001237382A (en) | 2001-08-31 |
US6448749B2 (en) | 2002-09-10 |
EP1118928B1 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
EP1118928A1 (en) | 2001-07-25 |
KR20010070380A (en) | 2001-07-25 |
DE19963813A1 (en) | 2001-07-19 |
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