US2000394A - Planing machine - Google Patents

Description

F. H. JENNINGS PLANING MACHINE May 7, 1935.

6 Shets-Sheet 1 Filed May 5, 1933 INVENTOR fl. JZNIVIN5 BY ATTORNEYS F. H. JENNINGS PLANING MACHINE May 7, 1935.

Filed May 5, 1935 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR FRANK. H. JZ'NN/NfS ATTO RN EYS PLANING MACHINE Filed May 5, 1953 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR FkA/VK fl. Jbv/w/vys ATTO RN EYS May 7, 1935.

F. H. JEN NINGS PLANING MACHINE Filed' May 5, 1933 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 ATTORNEY6 F. H. JENNINGS PLANING MACHINE May 7, 1935.

Filed May 5, 1935 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 W W 1111 l A r J H 3 0 M m \Q 3 Q &

May 7, 1935. F. H. JENNINGS PLANING MACHINE Filed May 5, 1935 6' Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR fkAA/K' H .7ZW/V/A/45 ATTORNEYS Patented May 7, 1935 PLANING PATENT OFFICE Frank H. Jennings, Akron, Ohio, assignor to National Rubber Machinery Company, Akron, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application Ma 5, 1933, Serial No. 669,468

Claims.

- J This invention relates to planing machines such as arelusedv in the metal-working industry, and the chief object of the invention is to provide an improved machine of the character mentioned 5 capable of planing or smoothing non-planar surfaces. More especially the invention aims to provide planing apparatus .capable of planing surfaces that are convex or concave longitudinally, or transversely, or both; and to provide for planing work having a curved or oblique marginal contour. Other objects will be manifest as the specification proceeds.

Of the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a planing machineembodying the invention in its preferred form, and the work therein; I o Figure 2 is a fragmentary front elevation thereof, on a larger scale, as viewed from the right of F e a .t

7 Figure 3 is a fragmentary rear elevation thereof, on the same scaleas Figure 2; r v H Figurel is asection on the line 44 of Figure 2; I Figure 5 is a section on the line55 of Figure 2;

Figure 6 is a plan view of the work; and r Figure 7 is asection on the line 1-7 of Figure 4.

B,eferring to the drawings, the planing machineembodyingthe invention comprises a bed Illhaving its top formed with the usual slideways I I, II for a longitudinally reciprocable table I2, .the latter carrying the work I3 that is secured to the table by clamps I4, I4. The under side of the table I2 is provided with a longitudinally extendingrack l5 that is meshed with a driving pinion I6, Figures 2 and 3, the latter being driven from the main drive shaft II of Figure 1' of the machine. The main drive shaft I1 is belt-driven in the usual manner (not shown) and is provided fwith'the usual reversing mechanism (not shown) whereby its 'direction of rotation periodically is reversed'as the reciprocable table I2 periodically reaches the respective ends of its range of movement;

Near one end of the machine," at each side thereof, is an upright support 20, 20, and extending from one of said supports to the other, above the table [2, is a main cross slide 2 I, that is conunison, the upper ends thereof, on top ofsupports 26, are provided with respective bevel gears 25 that mesh with bevel gears 26, 26 mounted upon a transverse shaft 21, and one end of the latter is provided with a gear 28 that is meshed with an 5 idler pinion 29 that is meshed with a driving gear 30. The gear 30 is mounted upon one end of a short shaft 3| that is journaled in a suitable bracket 32 on top of one of the supports 20, the other end of shaft 3| being provided with a drlv- 10 ing pulley 33 connected by a belt 34 with a suitable source of power (not shown).1 The usual clutch mechanism (not shown) is provided with the driving mechanism just described so that the main cross slide may be raised or lowered, upon 15 occasion, as desired.

Secured to the cross slide2| near the respec tive ends thereof are vertical brackets 36, 36, each of which has its front face formed with a vertical dovetail slideway 31 for a slide 38 thereon, 20

the slides 38 being connected at their upper ends by a plate39 having a cam slot 40 formed therein.

As is most clearly shown in Figure 7, the brackets 36 are formed with aligned journal bearings for a horizontal shaft 4|, and mounted upon the 25 latter, interiorly of each bracket 36, are respective double- thread gear worms 42, 42. Each of the worms 42 performs a similar function so a description of one will suffice for both, attention being especially directed to Figure 4.

Meshed'with worm 42 are worm gears 43,.43 that are mounted upon horizontal shafts 44', 44 that are journaled in the bracket. 36, above and below the shaft 4| and 'transverselywithrelation ;thereto. The'front. end of each. shaft 44 5 extends through a relatively large orifice 45 in the slide 38, and is provided with a cam 46 that engages a cam-roller 41. The latter is journalled on a short shaft 48 carried by, the slide 38 and a yoke 49 secured on the front of said 4 slide. The cams 46 are complemental cams, the arrangement being, such that rotation of the cams raises and/or lowers the slides 38 as a unit.

It is this" movement of the slides 38 that causes the machine to; plane; asurface that is longitu- 45 dinally curved, as-subsequently will be described.

At one side of the machine,- the left side as viewed in ,Figures 2 and '7 and the near side as viewed in Figure 1, a change gear bracket, 5| is secured to the rear side of main cross slide 2|, 50 a part of said bracket constituting a journal for that end of shaft 4|. ,The latter extends through bracket 5| and is provided thereat with agear 52 ,thatis meshed with an idler'pinion 53,that in turn is meshcdwith driving gear 54. yThe idler 55 the compound slide.

in the bracket 5|, and'said sleeve is splined-on. a vertical shaft 60, the arrangement being such that the gear 58 will be driven notwithstanding change of elevation of the main cross slide 2|.

At its lower end the shaft 60 is journaled in a bracket 6|, and is provided with a bevel gear 62 that is meshed with a bevel gear 63 on a counter shaft 64. The counter shaft 84 also carries a gear 65 that is meshed with a gear 36 onthe main drive shaft I1, and since the latter periodically reverses its direction of rotation during the operation of the machine, the shaft 4| will similarly reverse. The'ratio of the gearing between the'main drive shaft I1 and the cams 49 is such that said cams make something less; than one revolution'during the interval that the table i2 moves from one end of the bed l to the other.

Slidably mounted upon the front of the main c'ross slide 2|, intermediate the ends thereof, is

a saddle 61,.the front face of which is formed with a vertical dovetail guide 68 to receive a slide 69 thereon, the said slide 69 being formed at its upper end with a forked extension I0 that straddles the plate 39, and carries a cam roller I I that is disposed within the cam slot 40. Mounted upon the front of the slide 69 is a compound slide 12 that is formed with a dowel'IS, Figure 5, registering with an aperture 14 in slide 69, the compound slide being retained on slide 69 by a plurality of bolts I5, I that have their heads disposed in an annular undercut groove E5 in slide 69. The groove I6 is concentric with dowel '|3,'the arrangement being such that the com:-

pound slide may be positioned at various angles with'relation to slide 59. The front face of the compound slide i2 is formed with a vertical dovetail guide 11 that is longitudinally recessed at its center, and a vertically apertured boss l8is formed on the compound slide abovesaid recess.

A tool slide 80 is slidably mounted on the dovetail guide ll of the compound slide 12, and carries a bevel-gear 8| that is threaded onto a threaded spindle 82 that is disposed between the tool slide and compound slide, being fixedly secured at its upper end in boss 18. Meshed with gear 8| is a bevel gear 83 that has an elongate stem journaled in a suitable bearing structure 84 projecting from the front of the tool slide, said gear stem being provided with a handwheel 85 by which the gears may be rotated to raise and/or lowerthe tool slide with relation to Mounted upon the" front of tool slide 80 is an apron 81, that is arranged for angular ad- -justment by means of a pivot pin 88, Figure 5,

ends. pair of retaining bolts 89, 89 that are threaded into'thetool slide through an arcuate slot 90 in said apron, said slot being concentric with said pivot pin. Pivotally mounted upon a horizontal pivot pin 9| on the apron '81 is a clapper block 92, and-retained on the front of the latter by suitable clamps 93, 93 is a cutting tool'94. The arrangement of the clapper block is such-that the work I3 passes freely under the tool 94 during the return or inoperative movement of the table I2.

An important feature of the present invention is the provision of means for planing work having an oblique or curved marginal contour. This function of the machine is accomplished automatically by moving the tool laterally during each cutting movement of the work-carrying table. To this end the saddle 61 is constructed so as to embrace a portion of the shaft 4|, and splined upon that portion of said shaft is a single-thread gear worm 96. Meshed with worm .961 is a worm gear 91 that is mounted upon a shaft 98 that is journaled in the saddle 61, below the shaft 4| and transversely with relation thereto. The rear end of shaft 98 projects beyond its bearing and is provided with a cam 99.

Thecam 99 is engaged at two diametrically opposite points on its periphery by cam followers consisting of rollers I09, I00 that are journaled on respectivearms of a bracket |0|, and-the latter is pivotally mounted at I02 upon a slide I03 that is slidably mounted in a guide I04 that is mounted upon the top of main cross slide 2|. Set screws I25, I25 normally hold the bracket |0| in the operative position shown on the slide I03. The gear-ratio controlling the cam shaft 98 is such that the cam 99 makes somewhat less than one revolution during each cutting movement of the table It, and returns to point of starting during the return movement of said table. Since the cam followers occupy fixed positions, rotation of the cam causes lateral movement of the saddle 61 and tool 94 carried thereby whereby arcuate or oblique planing is accomplished. If it should be desirable, upon, occasion, to operate the machine without effecting lateral movement of the tool 94 during the cutting operation, the cam 99 may be removed, and by removing set screws I25 the bracket |0| may be tilted rearwardly to a position at 90 to that shown, whereby it will not interfere with periodic indexing of the cutting tool intermediate each cutting operation.

The guide I04 is provided with end brackets I05, I05 and carried therein is a screw I06 that threads through the slide I03. At one end the screw: M6 is provided with a gear I01 that is meshed with a gear I08 on the end of an operating rod I09, the latter being journaled in a bracket I05, and in a bracket ||0 secured to one end of the main cross slide 2|. The arrangement is such that manual rotation of rod |09 moves the slide I03 along guide I04. For looking the slide I03 in fixed position on guide I04, there is a tapered gib I||, Figures 5 and 7, between the interfitting dovetail portions of the said slide and guide, said gib being provided with an operating rod i 2 that is connected to one arm to move the tool laterally during the cutting operation, and the cam 99 is therefore removed, the following means is provided for indexing the tool laterally bet'weencutting operations. A screw IIB extends from end to end of the main cross slide 2|, being threaded through a nut III that is secured to the rear face of the saddle 61 (see Figure 5). As is shown in broken lines in Figure 2, one end of screw I I6 extends freely through the end wall of cross slide 2| and is provided with a removable collar H8. The other end of said screw extends freely through the other end wall of the said slide, and is provided with a gear I I9, Figure 7, that meshes with one of the gears. I20, l2! for driving the screw H6 in the usual manner, intermittently to index the cutting tool between cutting operations. When the tool is to be moved laterally during cutting, and is under control of cam 99, the screw I I6 is in the position shown in full lines in Figure 2, its'left end being withdrawn some distance from its bearing in the cross slide, and the gear on its right end being out of engagement with the gears H9, I20. In this position the screw moves freely with the movement of the tool.

In the operation of the machine, the work I3 is clamped to the table l2 in the usual manner, and the proper cams 46, 39 and 99 are mounted on the machine to control the planing of the work to proper contour. The machine is then set in motion and the table l2 reciprocates in the usual manner to move the work past the cutter 94 in operative relation thereto. 'Ihecams 46, operating in timed relation to the movement of the table I2, raise or lower the structure comprising slides 38 and cam plate 39, and thus raise or lower slide 69 that is connected to the latter, with the result that the tool 94 is raised or lowered during each cutting operation and a longitudinally curved cut is made on the work as is most clearly shown in Figures 1 and 5. The tool 94 is indexed laterally between cutting operations, and the cam groove 49 in plate 39 controls the depth of cut, so that by using the proper cam a transversely curved planing of the work may be effected as is most clearly shown in Figures 2 and 3.

The function of the cam 99 is to move the tool obliquely during the cutting operation and thus to plane a surface that is oblique to the movement of the work. The work shown in the drawings has such an oblique surface along only one margin thereof so that this cam may be adjusted so as to be inoperative during a part of the planing operation, in which case the tool will be automatically indexed after each cutting stroke by the screw I [6. When the cam 99 is operative, the screw I l 6 is inoperative and the tool is manually indexed by means of the screw N16.

The machine is mainly automatic in its operation, and is capable of planing a large number of intricate shapes. The feature of utilizing cams for effecting the various movements of the tool is advantageous in that it allows the tool to be moved at varying and non-uniform speeds in any direction, or to dwell in one place if desired, which,

Modification may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims, whichare not limited wholly to the specific construction shown and described.

What is claimed is:

1. In a planing machine, the combination of a' reciprocable table for the work, a cutting tool for operating upon the work, a movable support for said tool, a reversible rotatable shaft driven in timed relation to the operation of the table, respective cam means controlled by said shaft for concurrently effecting non-uniform vertical and lateral movements of the tool support during a cutting operation, and means for indexing the} tool support laterally between successive cutting operations whereby each cutting operation is begun at a position laterally of the preceding cut.

2. In a planing machine, the combination of a reciprocable table for the work, a tool for operating upon the work, a vertically movable slide carrying the tool, a laterally movable support for said slide, a rotatable cam carried by said support, means for rotating said cam and reversing the same in timed relation to the movement of the table, and a stationary camfollower engaging the said cam whereby rotation of the latter effects lateral movement of the tool support.

3. A combination as defined in claim 2 including means for laterally indexing the cam follower.

4. In a planing machine, the combination of a reciprocable table for the work, a tool for operating upon the Work, a laterally movable support upon which the tool is mounted, a rotatable cam carried by said support, means for rotating said cam and reversing the same in timed relation to the movement of the table, cam rollers engaging said cam, a normally stationary bracket carrying said rollers, a screw threaded through said bracket, and means for rotating said screw between cutting operations so as to advance the support laterally a determinate distance in one direction.

5. A combination as defined in claim 4 including means for tilting the cam roller bracket so that the rollers thereon are positioned out of their normal operative position.

FRANKH. JENNINGS.

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