US1999883A - Manufacture of pile fabrics - Google Patents

Description

April '30, 1935. w. MICHAELls `1,999,883

MA-NUFACTURE OF PILE FABRICS April 30, 1935.

` W. MICHAELIS MANUFACTURE oF PILE FABRICS Filed March 50, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 April 30, 1935. W MlcHAELlS 1,999,883

MANUFACTURE OF PILE FABRICS Filed March so, 1951 4 Sheefsshee1 5 April 30, 1935 I w. MICHAl-:Lls 1,999,883

I MANUFACTURE OF PILE FABRICS Filed March-3o, 1931 4 sweets-sheet 4 Patented l Apr. 30, 1935 l. gUNITED vSTAT MANUFACTURE vor l.PILE FABRICS, i'

Wolfgang Asplgation March l3o, 1931,

Michaelis, Neubabelsberg, near Potsdam, Germany yserial No.152a374 In Germany May I0, 1930 v 8 Claims. '(Cl. 139-405) This invention relates to wire warp pile fabrics withback patternV woven through, inparticular for the production of carpets and the like, which are very similar in appearance to real Oriental carpets. With the fabric, to which the invention refers, there are present in the fabricnot only the pile warp threads formingthe pattern at the moment but also the other pile warps lie assocalled dead pile warps between the upper and the backing weft .in the fabric. e ,Y

With one known wire warp pile fabric of the kind mentioned, the pile warp threads forming the pattern are simply tied underneath thebase warp by backing wefts.. rThe disadvantage of the said method of weaving consists, onthe one hand, in the comparatively easy loosening of the pile threads from the fabric, and on the othery hand, the back of the fabric, in spite of the` back pattern woven through, has-not the appearance of the back of real Oriental carpetsas the'cross entanglement of the pile warp threads forming the pattern is wanting y n l, With anotherknown kprocess,by theV aidof which wire warp pile fabrics with back patterns woven through and dead pile warps lying in the fabric are produced, a twisting of theA pile warp threads round `the ground warp takes place, -It is characteristic, however, of the last-mentioned process that all the pile warp threads, -that is therefore both the ones serving lat the moment to form the pattern as well as the deadpile warp threads, lie permanently twisted in the weaving process. The treatment of the pile warp thread serving to form the pattern differs from the treatment of the other pile warp threads simplyl in that the pile 'warpthread servingto formthe patternis lifted up, in order to place it over the wire. With this known process, the permanent twisting ofall the pile warp threads has the great disadvantage that the pile Warp threads are heavily stressed. In carrying out the last-mentioned process, therefore, either material of great strength and consequently L*expensive, is necessary for the pile warp threads, or the pile warp threads must` consist of highly twisted material which has the disadvantage of forming an uneven pile. Furthermore, a considerably increased consumptionV of material is connectedwith the process in question, which is to be attributed to the Working in of the permanently twisted dead pile warp threads. Finally,

owingto thepermanent twisting of all the pile warpthreads, the faults taking place in weaving, in particular the formation of' knots, are increased.; I

' By means ofthe process according to the present invention`the disadvantages attaching to the Aknown processes are avoided. The process accordingtotheinvention is characterized by a lesser1V 'consumption ofv materialand arsmaller 5 stressingoffthe pile warpl threads, and produces a strong close fabric with good pile formation in which the pile threads areffsormly tied inv that theycannot practically be detached from the fabric; According to the invention, of the pile warp threads lying'untwisted in the fabric, the pile warpA threads lifted at the moment to make the pattern,` are carried to the back of the'fabric and there interlaced round the ground warp in half twistweave. .Y f

4'Owing to the fact that only the pile warp threads lifted up over the wires are twisted,while the ,other` dead pilev warp threads lie untwi'sted in the fabric,-the pile Warp Vmaterial is greatly protected. Furthermore, with the process according to the invention,v less strongly twisted yarns which permit of a closer -pile can be used. There is also a considerablen saving of material attaching'A to the process according to the` invention,l as Vthe dead pile warp threads lie in thefabric without working in. The saving in material can. also be increasedwith the process according to the in- Vention by the firmer interlacing which is made possible by the twisting of only the pile warp threads forming the pattern. Furthermore, the interlacing takes placepreferably always only round one ground warp thread, which also effects afsavin'gl of'ina'terial.` As, furthermore, only the pilerwarpthreads serving to form the. pattern are carried to the back of the fabric, the possi# bility of the occurrence of faults in weaving in consequence of knots and the like, is reduced. Finally,4 a considerable saving in power and time is effected in the process according to the invention. Y A 40 The invention is more fully explained on the drawings by means of a number of examples of carrying it out. Y v n Y Figs. 1 and 2 showa double weft wire warp pile fabric according tothe invention;diagrarnmati-v 'A cally in longitudinal section and in plan.- Fig. 3 also shows a double weft wire warp pile fabric according to the invention with altered position of the top weft, diagrammatically in tudinal section and in plan a triple' weft' wire Warp pile fabric according tothe invention, while Figs. 6 andY 'Zalso show a triple weft wire warp 55 and in plan a fabric corresponding to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in which thewire is placed Ain the knot and the lower weft introduced into the loop.

Figs. 12 and 13 are similar views of -afabric corresponding to that shown in Figs. 4 and 5 modied in the same manner as Figs. 1'0 and 11.

Figs. 14 and 15 are similar views `of a'fabric' corresponding to that shown in Figs.; .6, and '7;

In the figures', I indicates ltheground warp. 2, 3, 4,5, v( are five pile'warps which serve to form the pattern, and which consequently have the different colours necessary for theformation of thepattern. 'I'in'dicates the binding warp. The fabricsshownin Figs. 11' to 3 "are double weft fabrics, 8 indicating the top weft, and 9 the lower weft, which are introduced with each working cycle. I0 indicatesthe wires over which the pile warp threads lifted up at any time in order to form the pattern, are laid'. i

`The process for A,the production of the fabric according to Figs. l and2 takes place in much the 'The weft 8 isintroducedv underrthe binding warp, while the ground warp and all the pile warps are lowered. Atthefs'ame'time, 'or 1mmediately afterwards, thatthread 'of the pile warp, as for example the thread I5` `which isl to serve to form thel pattern, is lowered by means of the jacquard mechanism under the other pile warp threads 2, 3, 4, 5 and under the ground warp I. The same thing can be attained by the pile warp threads 2,'3, 4 and 5, and theground warp I being raised.'y The pile warp thread serving to form the pattern is drawn away under the ground-warp, Vand is 'brought twisted into the upper shed, so that the parta (see Fig. 2) is formed.' t' j i After the raising of the pile threadstwisted at the side, a second'weft 'thread Sfis 'introduced over the ground and binding warp," and under the partly twistedfandpartly"untwisted pile warp threads. The members which have effected the raising of the pile warpthread twisted round the ground vwarp then sink, `so that this pile warp thread springs back; Finally, the previously twisted pile warp thread is lifted up by means of jacquard cords into a straightl direction (see part b) in order to be placedin the upper shed over the wire I0. In the bottom shed, on the other hand, are the ground and binding warps, as also the socalled dead pile warp threads which do'not take part in the formation of the pattern.

After the pile warp thread raised over the wire has been lowered, rst the binding warp is again raised alone in to the upper shed, and a fresh weft 8 is inserted. The Vtwisting of the next pattern forming pile warp thread then begins, this lying, after its lifting, twisted in the upper shed, whereuponv the. lower weft V9 fis inserted; The pattern forming threadspringsA back andv is finally laid over the wire.v this manner, the'working Vcycleis continuously'repeated.

= In order to carry out the above described'proca double-repeat weaving'loom. Apart from the introduction of the upper weft simultaneously Y` with the fwire; the process for making the fabric according to Fig.;3'is'entirely the same as the above described process. y

The fabric whichkis shown in Figs. 4 and 5 differs from vthefabric according to Figs. 1 and 2 bythe fact'that between the pile warp thread serving to form the pattern, after it is lowered below the ground warp I, and the ground warp, a third weft Il is introduced, by means offwhich the principal purpose in View' is to bring theback pattern of the carpet fully into accord with the back pattern of real Orientalcarpets. With the object of- Figs.- 4 and 5, the binding'warp 'I is also wovenbelow the ground warp I by the weft thread II. TheA binding warp 'I does not, however, need to be woven'underneath the -ground warp, but can be also interlaced in the manner shown from Figs. 1 and 3 by the lower weft 9, which`lies above the ground warp I`. Y

Apart from the introduction ofthe second lower` weft II the process for the production ofthe fabric according to Figs. 4 and 5 ispthe same as that above described for the Figs. 1 and 2. Y I

In Figs.' 6 Yand 7 a triple weft fabric is also shown and there are also Ahere two bottom wefts. The one bottom weft 9 has the sameposition and the same function'as the bottom weft 9 according to Figs. 1 and 2, while the second bottomV weft I2, after the introduction of the weft thread S is introduced above the ground warp and the pile Y warp Vthread serving to form the pattern, and underneath the vbindingwarp andthe dead pile warp threads. -The weftthread I2 has'the object of making the fabric still thicker. Apart from the introduction of the'weft thread I2, the process'of production is the same with the object of Figs. 6 to 7,-aswith the object of Figs. 1 and 2. In theV production of the triple weft fabrics according to Figs. 4 to 7, four-'repeat looms are to be used. With the Afabrics according toY Figs. 4 to 7, the upper weft 8 can, in the same way as has been explained in the case of Fig 3, be introduced simultaneously with the wire ,I0 (Figs. 8 and 9). In this case, only three repeat looms are necessary for the production of the fabric according to Figs. 4 to 7.

In order to obtain a similarity to real Persian carpets'i'n'the matter of the fringe making, the 4ground warp I may be allowed to project from the woven goods so that it can be used for the knotting of the fringe. j

The wire. can also be placed in the knot a (see Figs. 2, 5 and'l)4 and in place of this the lower weft 9 be introduced above the ground warp in the part b (Figs. `10 to 15).

Iclaim: l

V1. A wire warp pile fabric having a'plurality of ground warp threads, each of said ground warp threads having associated therewith a plurality of pile warp threads, and weft threads, saidA pile warp threads serving to form patterns, each of said pile Warp threads having'at selectedloca'- tions a portion extending above the faceof the fabric to form the pattern and an adjacent portion bent around the ground warp thread with which said pile warp thread is associated and forming a loop on the opposite side of said ground warp thread from said pattern forming portion, and a weft extending through said loop, the portions of the other pile warp threads associated with such ground warp thread adjacent said pattern forming portion and bent portion lying unbent in the fabric.

2. A wire warp pile fabric having a plurality of ground warp threads, each of said ground warp threads having associated therewith a plurality of pile warp threads,A and weft threads, said pile warp threads serving to form patterns, each of said pile warp threads having at selected locations a portion extending above the'face of the fabric forming a loop and an adjacent portion bent around the ground warp thread with which said pile warp thread is associated and engaging the lower side thereof and forming a loop on the opposite side of said ground warp thread from said pattern forming portion, and a weft thread extending through said second loop, the portions of the other pile warp threads associated with such ground warp thread adjacent said loop and bent portion lying unbent in the fabric, said first loop being on the same side of the ground warp thread as said unbent portions.

3. A wire warp pile fabric having a plurality of ground warp threads, each of said Aground warp threads having associated therewith, a plurality of pile warp threads, and weft threads, said pile warp threads serving to form patterns, each of said pile warp threads having at selected locations a portion extending above the face of the fabric to form the pattern and an adjacent portion bent around the ground warp thread with which said pile warp thread is associated and engaging the lower side thereof and forming a loop on the opposite side of said ground warp thread from said pattern forming portion, the portions or" the other pile warp threads associatedwith such ground warp thread adjacent said pattern forming portion and bent portion lying unbent in the fabric, said weft threads comprising an upper weft thread and a, lower weft thread located between said ground warpvthread and said pile warp threads, said lower weft thread extending through said second loop.

4. A wire warp pile fabric having a plurality of ground warp threads, each of v.said ground warp threads having associated therewith a plurality of pile warp threads, and weft threads, said pile warp threads serving to form patterns each of said pile Warp threads having at selected locations a portion extending above the face of the fabric to form the pattern and an adjacent portion bent around the ground warp thread with which said pile warp thread is associated and engaging the lower side thereof and forming a loop on the opposite side of said ground warp thread from said pattern forming portion,

the portions of the other pile warp threads associated with such ground warp thread adjacent said pattern forming portion and bent portion lying unbent in the fabric, said weft threads comprising an upper weft thread, an intermediate weft thread between said ground warp thread and said pile warp threads and extending through said loop, and a lower weft thread lying Vbelow the ground warp thread, said bent portion of said pattern forming warp thread engaging said lower weft thread and binding the same against said ground warp thread.

5. The process for producing wire warp pile.

fabrics having ground warp threads, a plurality of pile warp threads associated with each ground warp thread, and weft threads, which comprises carrying that one of the pile warp threads which formsv the pattern at any point to the back of the fabric and bending the same around the ground warp thread, while leaving the adjacent portions of the remaining pile warp threads unbent in the fabric, formingy a'loop in an adjacent portion of said pattern forming thread on the opposite side of the ground warp thread from the pattern forming'fportion, inserting a weft thread through said loop, and repeating said steps for each of said pile warp threads selectively to form a pattern. Y l

6. In a process as claimed. in claim 5the step of inserting a weft thread below said ground warp thread and between said ground warp thread and that portion of the pattern forming pile warp thread which is bent` around the ground warp thread. Y

7. In a process as claimed in claim 5, the step of inserting a weft thread between Vsaid pile warp threads and said ground warp thread at a point outside the said loop.

8. A wire warp pile fabric having a plurality of ground warp threads, each of .said ground warp threads having associated therewith a plurality of pile warp threads, and weft threads, said pile warp threads serving to form patterns'each of said pile warp threads having at selected locations a portion extending above the face of the fabric to form the pattern and an adjacent portion bent around the ground warp thread with which said pile warp thread is associated and engaging the lower side thereof and forming a loop on the opposite side of said ground warp thread from said pattern forming portion, the portions of the other pile warp threads associated with such ground warp thread adjacenty WOLFGANG MICHAELIS.

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