US1999756A - Gyratory crusher - Google Patents

Description

A ril 39, 1935. A. GOLDBERG ET AL GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed March 16, 1932 Patented Apr. 30, 1935 UNITED STATES GYRATORY CRUSHER Abraham Goldberg, Milwaukee, Wis., and Isaac Merideth Jackson, Iuka, Miss assignors to Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wis., a'corporation of Delaware Application March 16,

6 Claims.

This invention relates in general to the art of gyratory crushers and relates more particularly to an improvement in the form and construction of the relatively gyrating crushing members to form surfaces cooperating to define a crushing chamber and to disintegrate materials admitted into the crushing chamber by the direct action of the members.

It has been found that when sticky materials, such as clay, constitute one of the constituents of an aggregate, such as gravel, which it is desired to disintegrate in a gyratory crusher, that the natural gravity feed of the aggregate during the process of disintegration, does not suffice to provide the desired rate and advancement of the aggregate toward the discharge of the crushing chamber and the chamber in fact becomes choked, unless the aggregate is activated toward the discharge of the chamber, which activation was in some cases accomplished by, and may be accomplished by, men or means having suitable tools for pushing the aggregate while in the admission end of the crushing chamber toward the discharge end thereof.

It is accordingly a specific object of this invention to provide the crushing surface of the gyrating member of a gyratory crusher with means whereby an inherent characteristic, to be stated and explained below, of a gyratory crusher, may be utilized to obviate the necessity of the independent means described above, and to facilitate and to secure a desired feed of the sticky aggregate through the crushing chamber.

It is a further specific object of this invention to materially increase the output of a gyratory crusher when the same is disintegrating a sticky aggregate, by providing the crushing surface of the gyrating member of the crusher with the means described above.

Other objects and advantages of the instant improvement will become apparent from a consideration of the detailed description thereof occurring in the specification and of the drawing forming a part of the specification, and on which like reference characters are used to designate the same parts or elements Wherever they occur throughout the various views.

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary central vertical section through an existing form of gyratory crusher and shows the instant feed activating and augmenting means applied to the outer surface of the inner or gyrating member of the crusher, the gyrating member or head being shown in elevation for the purpose of establishing clarity of the illustration. M

1932, Serial No. 599,080 (01. 83-40) Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the mantle or head proper forming portion of the gyrating member, shown in elevation in Fig. 1, and further illustrates the form and arrangement of the spiral ribs provided on its .outer surface.

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the referred to inherent characteristic of a gyratory crusher which is utilized in accomplishing the feed activating and augmenting action with the spiral ribs provided on the'outer surface of the mantle.

When the mantle-carrying mandrel of a gyratory crusher is under load or serving to directly crush material admitted to an annular crushing chamber formed by it and a mantle-surrounding concave, by reason of the gyratory motion imparted to the mandrel through a conventional eccentric, the mandrel rotates slightly in a direction opposite or backward with respect to the gyratory rotation of the mantle and at a finite rate. This backward rotation of the mandrel, and therefore also of the head, will now be explained in connection with the showing of Fig. 3.

This figure represents the circular surfaces of the concave and mantle respectively, where these are intercepted by a plane passed at right angles to the axis of the concave and passed somewhere through the mantle and concave forming the crushing chamber and with the mantle and con cave related as depicted byFig. 1, that is, with the closed side of the mantle at the left as viewed in Fig. 1 and with the changing axis about which the mantle may rotate located in the vertical plane along which Fig. 1 is taken, by outer and inner circles designated respectively, 0 and H.

These circles will hereafter be referred to as the concave circle and the head circle. In Fig. 3 the changing axial lines about which the mantle may rotate are indicated as lying in a circular orbit or path represented by the innermost circle concentric with the concave circle C and will be called the eccentricity circle E. The relation of the elements of Fig. 3 thus far described is the same as the relation of the parts of Fig. 1 which these elements represent, and there is further correspondence between these figures as to the direction of the gyratory rotation of the mantle, this being indicated by the direction of the arrow X used in connection with the eccentricity circle E in Fig."3'and by the direction of the corresponding arrow'X in Fig. 1. This is to indicate the change in the location of the axis about which the mantle is permitted to rotate takes place in the direction of the arrow X. 7

The head or mantle-of a gyratory crusher is commonly referred to as rolling during the time that it executes its gyratory rotation on a circular surface provided, in any plane, such as described above and passing through the crushing chamber, by solids of the aggregate being crushed of a size as determined by the radial distance separating the head or mantle and the concave at the closed side and in the assumed plane, with these solids imagined distributed in a circle and all located in the assumed transverse plane. In Fig. 3 two such solids S, T, have been indicated by circles, and the circular surface on which the above referred to rolling of the mantle takes place, is represented by a circle located inwardly of and concentric with respect to the concave circle C and is designated R. The action of a gyratory crusher in reducing the solid aggregate to the above referred to size of circles S and T is such that it is reduced by a direct radial force exerted outwardly by the head or mantle, which force is dependent for its direction upon the point in the eccentricity circle E that the axis of rotation of the head or mantle is at the particular instant located. The force corresponding to the initial, or thus far first referred to position of the head circle H, acts along and is represented by the arrow F. A similar force G will serve to crush an-. other body of the aggregate to the corresponding solid T as the axis of rotation of the head or mantle moves over the eccentricity circle E an amount corresponding to a small angle A, greatly magnified in the illustration ofv Fig. 3 for purpose of clarity. This force G depends for its direction on the new point K in the eccentricity circle E to which the axis of rotation of the head or mantle has shifted in the gyratory movement of the head or mantle through the assumed small angle A. While this gyratory movement of the head or mantle is being executed the portion of the head or mantle at the closed side which side engages the solid S remains fixed with reference to a point in the concave also engaged by the solid S. The circle representing the head in the selected final position determined by a movement through the small angle A, is represented by a circle I of the same diameter as the circle H but having its center in thepoint K representing the location of the new position of the axis for the rotation of the head or mantle about. its own axis. During this movement therefore, we may consider two corresponding points in these two head circles and located at the open side or back side, as obviously the movement of a point in the back side of the head must be represented by a line drawn from a point in the'initial head circle H to a corresponding point in the final head circle I. Such a point in the initial head circle is the point M located on thediametrical line D-D and the corresponding point N in the final head circle I is accordingly determined by the intersection of a diametrical lineof the final head circle I and passing through thepoint K located in the eccentricity circle E and passing through the point of contact of the solid circle S and the initial head circle H. This intersection is in the point N and 'a smooth line joining M and N obviously characterizes the movement, of this point in the back side of the head and its 'di rection under the assumed direction of movement of the axis of the head over theeccentricity circle E is indicated by going from M, to N, and may be designated by the arrow Y which is seen to be anti-clockwise whereas the movement of the axis of the head has been taken, as clockwise #181 16 cated by the arrow X. The analyzed movement of the chosen point in the back side of the head is therefore backward or reverse from that of the eccentric, normally provided to impart a gyratory rotation to a crusher head upon rotating the eccentric. The spiral ribs of this improvement therefore are formed and arranged so that when such a backward rotation of the head, during crushing, is imparted to the head on which they may be formed, they effect a positive feed activating and augmenting action, to move the aggregate being crushed continuously toward the discharge end of the crushing chamber.

Having now enunciated and explained the principle underlying the instant improvement, as required by the patent statutes, the preferred construction whereby applicants apply that principle will now be described.

Referring to Fig. 1 the gravity feed crushing chamber l of the illustrated gyratory crusher, is provided by a concave 2 and a gyrating member or head 3. The concave is supported within an upper frame 4. To the one end of the upper frame 4 is rigidly secured a spider 5, and a lower frame 6 is also rigidly secured to the other end of the upper frame 4. The lower frame 6 is provided with a centrally located cylindrical hub 1 in which is received a rotary cylindrical eccentric 8. A hearing 9 for the eccentric 8 is secured to the lower frame 6 by means of a bearing plate 22, and the eccentric 8 is suitably connected to the upright drive shaft H1. The centrally located hub I may be firmly braced and positioned within the lower frame 6 by means of suitable ribs andthe lower frame 6 is further formed and constructed to. provide a discharge spout I2 for the disintegrated material discharging from the crushing chamber I.

The gyrating member is shown to be constituted of a mandrel l3 having a cylindrical surface ll adjacent its upper end, a cylindrical surface l5 atits lower end and an intermediate conical surface [6 which cooperates with and receives a head center 23 which in turn receives a mantle H, to form the gyrating head proper 3 of this disclosure. The mantle is rigidly secured and locked with respect to said conical surface by means of an internally threaded ring l8 which cooperates with and engages complementary threads on the mandrel E3. The cylindrical surface M of the mandrel I3 is received within a bearing l9 located coaxially with the axis of the inner cylindrical portion of the concave 2, the eccentric 8 being similarly located within a cylindrical portion provided in the hub i. The cylindrical surface [5 of the mandrel I3 is received within a cylindrical bore in the eccentric 8, whose axis is oblique and eccentric with respect to the common axis of the concave 2 and bearing [9, the upper end of the mandrel l3 being supported by a universal bearing 20 positioned in the spider 5. It will thus be seen that rotation of the eccen-i trio 8 through the instrumentality of the upright shaft If), to which power maybe supplied in any suitable way,-will produce a gyratory movement of the mandrel i3 and mantle ll rigidly and nonrotatively carried thereby. And the gyratory movement of the head proper 3, in conjunction with the stationary concave 2 produces'a disintegrating action on the aggregate admitted to the crushing chamber I, in a well known manner.

In Fig. I this gyratory movement of the head has been indicated with an arrow X indicating a, clockwise gyratory rotation of the head. This rotation, as explained above, will be accompanied by a slight backward or anti-clockwise rotation of the head about its own axis. And it will be noted that the feed activating, intensifying and augmenting means provided on the outer surface of the mantle H, is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in the form of spiral ribs 2! which are so arranged that .2453 will cause the positive advancement in a generally axial direction through the annular crushing chamber I of sticky material of the aggregate to be disintegrated, which tends to adhere to the cooperating concave and in time to entirely obstruct the crushing chamber.

Although a practical commercial gyratory crusher embodying this invention, as illustrated by Figs. 1 and has been provided with three spiral ribs 2| on the outer surface of the headmantle, it is obvious that their number may vary according to conditions. It is, however, desirable to gradually decrease the radial extent of each rib 2!, as referred to a direction therealong from its upper to its lower end, with a zero value therefor adjacent its lower end or its end adjacent the larger diameter end of the mantle, in order not to interfere with or diminish the extent or annular area of the discharge portion of the crushing chamber I.

In the disclosure herein'it-has been assumed that the three parts forming the head proper, nam ly the mandrel 83, the head center 23, and the mantle H, are separate and independent, but, of course, any two contiguous ones of these parts may be united into a single part, or all three of the parts may be united into one part, the only essential attribute being that the head proper be rotatable on its own axis, such rotation being provided for in the eccentric at the bottom and in the spider bearing at the top.

In the disclosure herein the head proper 3 has been indicated at gyratable, the concave 2 being fixed; of course, this arrangement may be reversed and the concave be gyratable and the head proper fixed.

The spiral ribs in the disclosure are shown on the head proper 3, but they may just as well be put on the concave instead, arranged, of course, on a reverse slant; and if the arrangement is such that the concave is gyratable as suggested above, the ribs may just as well be put, in that case, on the head; or in either case of gyration of the head or gyration of the concave, the ribs may be placed on both the head proper and on the concave it then being perhaps sufiicient to have them project only one-half as much from the surface to which they are attached, as the effect would be equivalent to the sum of the heights of the ribs, that is, the distance they project from the surfaces on which they are formed.

Whether the head proper is gyrated or the concave is gyrated it is essential that one of the parts should have freedom of rotation about its axis and that the other part be restrained from rotation.

It will thus be seen that applicants have provided a means as a part of one of the relatively gyrating members forming a crushing chamber, and this is evidenced by the operation of a commercially successful gyratory crusher, whereby through its agency and the fact that the member to which it is applied when subjected to a gyratory crushing movement, a positive feeding effect or means is provided which activates the natural gravity feed of the crushing chamber and augments the same, to materially increase the output in disintegrated aggregate over the output of a crusher Without the instant improvement when likewise operating on a similar sticky aggregate and this without any additional expense flowing from the former methods employed to cope with the described undesirable effects a tributable to the sticky nature of the aggregate, as Where men with suitable poking tools were required to constantly stand near the admission end of the crushing chamber and continuously push the adhering aggregate to its proper position within the crushing chamber to maintain even a fairly satisfactory movement of the aggregate therethrough but at a rate now found to be much less than the rate of disintegration which it is possible to attain with the simplified integral means forming a part of the gyrating member of applicants instant invention.

It is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described for various and obvious modifications thereof, within the scope of the appended claims, may occur to persons skilled in the art to which the instant invention appertains.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In combination, a plurality of members providing relatively gyrating surfaces forming a tapered crushing chamber to which a sticky aggregate may be admitted for crushing, means for relatively gyrating the members with one of said members rotating about its axis in the sense of rolling one surface on the other surface through the medium of aggregate between said surfaces, and a spiral rib provided on the crushing surface of one of said members within said tapered crushing chamber and substantially coextensive therewith for urging, upon actuation of said means in the proper direction, the material to be crushed into the tapered crushing chamber and toward the discharge end thereof.

2. In a gyratory crusher especially adapted for the crushing of sticky aggregate, a hollow eccentric adapted to rotate on an axis, an upper bearing, a gyratory head having a portion received within said upper bearing and a portion received within said hollow eccentric in an offset relation to the axis of rotation of said eccentric, a concave surrounding the crushing surface of said head the head proper of said crusher being provided with a spiral rib projecting outwardly from its main crushing surface and extending from the top to the bottom thereof, but being within the confines of said concave, and means for rotating the eccentric in a direction such that the accompanying backward rotation of the head, manifest during crushing, cooperates to provide for said rib a feed activating and augmenting function in the direction of the discharge of the aggregate to feed sticky aggregate between said gyratory head and said concave, the upward inclination of said rib being in the direction of said backward rotation.

3. In a gyratory crusher especially adapted for the crushing of sticky aggregate, a rotary eccentric provided with an inclined cylindrical bore, a gyratory head having terminal cylindrical portions, one of said portions being received within a bearing provided in said crusher and the other portion being rotatively received within the bore of said eccentric, a concave surrounding said head, said head being provided with a spiral rib on its crushing surface, said rib occupying only a relatively small part of said crushing surface, and within the confines'of said concave, and means for rotating the eccentric in a direction such that the accompanying backward rotation of the head, manifest during crushing, cooperates to provide for said rib a feed activating and augmenting function in the direction of discharge of the aggregate to feed said aggregate into and through said crusher, said rib further serving to free the inner surfaces of the concave of adhering aggregate, the upward inclination of said rib being in the direction of said backward rotation.

4. A gyratory crusher, comprising an outer annular crushing member, an inner crushing member disposed within said outer member and forming therewith a crushing chamber of tapering section from the top to the bottom thereof, means for gyrating said inner crushing member relative to said outer crushing member to crush material therebetween said gyrating action resulting in rotation of said inner crushing member about its own axis, and spiral ribs arranged upon the crushing surface of said inner crushing member within said tapering crushing chamber and substantially coextensive therewith to urge material to be crushed into and downwardly through said tapering crushing chamber upon rotation of said inner crushing member.

5. A gyratory crusher, comprising an outer annular crushing member, an inner crushing member disposed within said outer member and forming therewith a crushing chamber of tapering section from the top to the bottom thereof, means for gyrating said inner crushing memberrelative to said outer crushing member to crush material therebetween said gyrating action resulting in rotation of said inner crushing member about its own axis, and spiral ribs arranged upon the crushing surface of said inner crushing member and extending from the top substantially to the bottom thereof and within the confines of said outer crushing member to urge material to be crushed into and downwardly through said tapering crushing chamber upon rotation of said inner crushing member.

6. A gyratory crusher, comprising an outer annular crushing member, an inner crushing member disposed within said outer member and forming therewith a crushing chamber of tapering section from the top to the bottom thereof, means for gyrating said innercrushing member relative to said outer crushing member to crush material therebetween said gyrating action resulting in rotation of said inner crushing member about its own axis, and spiral ribs arranged upon the surface of said inner crushing member to urge material to be crushed into and downwardly through said tapering crushing chamber upon rotation of said inner crushing member, said ribs decreasing in height from the top of said inner crushing member to the bottom thereof and merging with the periphery of said crushing member at the bottom thereof.

ABRAHAM GOLDBERG. 1 ISAAC MERIDETI-I JACKSON.

CERTEFICATE OF (IQRRECTION.

Patent No. 1,999,756. April 30, 1935.

ABRAHAM GOLDBERG, ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed speeifieation of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 3, second column, line 52, claim 2, after "thereof" strike out the comma; and line 72, claim 3, beginning with the comma, strike out all to and including the word "concave" in line 74, and insert instead and Within the confines of said concave, said rib occupying only a relatively small part of said crushing surface; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these eorreetions therein that the same may conform to the record of the ease in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 25th day of June, A Do 1935.

Bryan M. Battey (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

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