US1994750A - Typewriter paper of deferred indelibility and method of preparing the same - Google Patents

Typewriter paper of deferred indelibility and method of preparing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US1994750A
US1994750A US690742A US69074233A US1994750A US 1994750 A US1994750 A US 1994750A US 690742 A US690742 A US 690742A US 69074233 A US69074233 A US 69074233A US 1994750 A US1994750 A US 1994750A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
paper
coating
typewriter
ink
impression
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US690742A
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English (en)
Inventor
John G Callan
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to US690742A priority Critical patent/US1994750A/en
Priority to GB25905/34A priority patent/GB434852A/en
Priority to FR778513D priority patent/FR778513A/fr
Priority to DEC49662D priority patent/DE637103C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1994750A publication Critical patent/US1994750A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24521—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness with component conforming to contour of nonplanar surface
    • Y10T428/24529—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness with component conforming to contour of nonplanar surface and conforming component on an opposite nonplanar surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent

Definitions

  • This invention relates to writing paper of the several classes that are intended principally as typewriter papers for receiving typewriting by the impressions of the raised type either from the inked ribbon or from carbon paper.
  • paper of this invention is as well suited as are most writing papers for receiving markings from pen and ink or from lead pencil, but the advantages that it possesses relate more particularly to its use as a typewriter paper.
  • the objects of the invention are as follows: To produce a paper from which recent typing can be erased easily, quickly and practically completely by means of a pencil eraser of soft rubber or the composition known as art gum without resort to a sand rubber containing abrasive such as is commonly used for erasing typewriting:
  • writing papers made of difierent substances and made and finished in different ways show widely different degrees of resistance to erasure, but so far as this applicant. knows, all of them require the'use of an abrasive rubber or equivalent to eradicate the typed impression. it may therefore be emphasized that the firsto'bject of this invention contemplates an erasure wherein the fresh impression can be wiped cleanly from the surface in a manner difiering in more than degree from that characterizing even the more easily erasable papers of the prior art.
  • those constituents of the paper sheet capable of receiving a relatively permanent mark from the" of top sizing.
  • the material should be one that can be applied from solution or dispersion, preferably water dispersion, and dried on the surfaces ofthe paper; that will form on the paper surface a thin protective film or scum that shall have such' inherent properties,.and that shall be so related to the m superficial layers of the paper, as to kiep the ink of the typed impression from coming at once into direct contact with the cellulosic paper substance itself; and that shall be only slowly permeable to miss ordinarily used on typewriter ribbons and carbon papers, but shall eventually allow such inks or constituents thereof to penetrate it by diffucion, or otherwise, and reach the paper and permeate, stain or mark the paper itself.
  • casein preferably with additions its ink-permeability is one suitable one, and the preferred proportions of the mixture will be described hereinafter.
  • such filler coatings contain sucha large proportion'of mineral matter such as clay or the like, that surface finish of the paper is destroyed by even light rubbing with a soft rubber.
  • sizing material even in excess of the usual amount, is applied hot,'and the excess immediately removed by squeeze-rolls, as it is in the top-sizing or tub-sizing operation as commonly practiced in paper-sizing, the hot sizing liquid sinks into the paper structure like butter on very hot toast, and leaves the protuber-' ant tops of the fibres so thinly covered that the typewriter ink finds access to them at once and the operation does not confer the necessary sort of complete initial erasability that'is desired; it makes erasing with a sand-rubber easier, as is well known, but so far as this applicant's experiments have developed the facts, and so far' as can be judged from many examples of heavily top-sized paper's, it never makes a surface from which a'new typed impression can be cleanly wiped by the use
  • the two extremes or boundaries in procedure that are to be avoided, having thus been pointed out, the desired effect or result, and the preferred means of obtaining it, may the better be defined.
  • the surfacing material should be applied as a cold solution or dispersion well evened over the surface, leaving enough so that the is distinctly wetncl; merely very damp. There is some latitude as to the thickness of the solution or dispersion to be used, but its character should be such that either initially or with progressive .-drying it becomes gelatinous rather than merely viscous, so that once it coats the tops of the very minute protuberant fibres characterizing the surthan the hollows between them.
  • the resulting protective scum, f a thickness that appears from weight of added terial to be of the general order of one to two tenths of a mil (0.000Ito 0.0002 inch), must be practically continuous so that it shall not leave exposed pin-holes that give access forthe ink to the paper-substance beneath. If the film is well formed, a very slightly moist piece of the paper, on being held above a flaming match, will form a blister or balloon in which the steam, unable to escape, splits the paper into two layers; when this testis made it ing paper, and has been well calende'red on the paper machine.
  • pinholes Another convenient test for the minute uncovered or insufiicintly covered spots called pinholes consists in flowing gasoline over the surface of the sample and noting any progressive formation of translucent grease-spots" resulting from penetration of the gasoline through such pin-holes into the untreated interior of the sheet.
  • the size and rate of growth of such greasespots when the surface is covered'with a film of gasoline gives'a quick and very searching 'means of estimating the continuity of thesurface film.
  • Their number'and size should be relatively small after 20 seconds, but if there are none, it usually indicates that the scum is so thick that while the initial erasing properties will be excellent, the penetration of the typewriter ink with passage of time .will be slow. The operator soon learns to correlate test performance on the typewriter with this indication,
  • this protective film closely follows the minute hills and hollows of the interlaced fibres of the paper, and maintains as nearly as possible aneven thickness over'the whole contour, as shown by the drawing.
  • the protective material seems to penetrate and fill such very small or narrow .fissures between fibres as are somewhat parallel-sided and-of capillary dimensions, as indicated at 3 in the drawing, but-so far as microscopic examination is able to show, it follows vwell the other irregular contours if the precautions indicated have been observed, and if the preferred solution and method or their equivalents are used,' as specified hereinafter.
  • the scum or film may consist of any material that has the properties that have been defined. Excellent results have been obtained with filmforming colloids as, for example, casein, hardened and prevented from becoming sticky with moisture by addition of formaldehyde, and preferably made somewhat more quickly penetrable to oilbase typewriter inks by addition to the solution of some material such as sulphonated castor oil or soap, that oil will wet more readily, and diffuse through more rapidly, than is the case with a film of casein alone.
  • filmforming colloids as, for example, casein, hardened and prevented from becoming sticky with moisture by addition of formaldehyde, and preferably made somewhat more quickly penetrable to oilbase typewriter inks by addition to the solution of some material such as sulphonated castor oil or soap, that oil will wet more readily, and diffuse through more rapidly, than is the case with a film of casein alone.
  • a purple component shows preferential diffusion and the deferred relatively indelible impression on the paper substance, after erasing what a soft rubber will still remove after passage of time, is found to be purple instead of black.
  • the indelible mark from the ink appears initially as small black dots which gradually increase in size and number and on magnification give somewhat the appearance of the spots of the gray part of a half-tone print.
  • a casein solution is made by adding casein to cold water in the proportion of 1% pounds of casein to each gallon of water.
  • the casein is allowed to soak in the cold water for one to two hours and the mixture is then cooked as in preparation of caseinjor coating; at some time during the cobking either borax or ammonia are added in proportions well known, to cut the casein.
  • This cooked solution is allowed to stand at robm temperature for about 12 hours, whereby its physical character becomes more gelatinous and less viscous.
  • the working solution,-or dispersion is made by diluting this with water, and here there is some latitude; excellent results have been attained with a concentration reached by adding 20 gallons of water to 15 gallons of the strong casein solution, and adding thereto 2 quarts of commercial (50%) formaldehyde. To this is added the amounts of color and china-clay that will give the film the desired appearance and tint, and the whole is very thoroughly mixed. If it is desired to accentuate the strength of the indelible impression that will eventually be'developed, as it commonly will be, there is then added either of the following: cubic centimeters of sulphonated castor oil for each litre of solution or 25 grams of a pure soap, free from uncombined alkali.
  • the soap is less expensive, and. gives results as good in all respects aside from'some apprehension of possible
  • the treating material can be applied in any way There are also vathat will insure the formation of a continuous and very thin sufliciently cohesive film following the minute contours of. the irregular paper surface.
  • the preferred method is by the use of a coating machine, the aqueous dispersion being spread while at about room temperature.
  • the initial drying or setting is effected cold, at or below room temperature, though the final drying after the film has been formed may be 'by heat, if desired, as in the usual paper coating operation.
  • the coating machine may well be one having a roller feed and a pair of oscillatory brushes for evening the coating.
  • 'A sheet of typewriter paper including sizing material constituting a thin coating of even thickness following surface irregularities of the paper and capable of receiving ink from a typewriter type impressibn and from which said ink is initially easily erasable without noticeable defacement of the sheet, but which coating permits slow penetration therethrough of constituents of said ink capable of indelibly marking constituents of said paper, whereby said typewritten impression becomes progressively indelible.
  • a sheet of typewriter paper having a surface sizing coating of substantially even thickness following the surface irregularities of the paper and of such thickness as to initially prevent a typewritten ink impression on said paper from reaching constituents of the paper capable of receiving an indelible impression therefrom but sufficiently"thin to permit constituents of such ink to gradually penetrate such coating and progressively render said impression indelible.
  • a sheet oftypewriter paper having a sizing coating applied thereto under such controlled conditions as to produce a coating of even thickness following surface irregularities of the paper and sufliciently thin so that a typewriter ink impression made on said coated paper is initially easily erasable but progressively becomes indelible, said coating being of a character which initially receives the ink with sufficient adherence to resist smearing.
  • a sheet of typewriter paper having a sizing coating applied thereto under such conditions of temperature and viscosity as to produce a thin superficial coating of even thickness following surface irregularities of the paper and resistant to penetration of typewriter ink therethrough, so that a typewriter ink impression made on .said paper is initially' easily erasable but progressively becomes indelible.
  • a sheet of typewriter paper having a sizing coating applied thereto under such controlled conditions includingthe viscosity of such sizing as to produce a thin superficial coating of even thickness of the order of .1 to .2 of a mil sufiiciently-resistant to penetration of typewriter ink therethrough so that a typewritten impression on said coated paper is initially easily erasable but becomes progressively indelible as the ink penetra-tes said coating and stains the paper substance beneath said coating.
  • a sheet of typewriter paper having a sizing coating applied thereto under such conditions of temperature and viscosity as to produce a thin' superficial coating of substantially even thickness of the order of .1 to. .2 of 9. mil substantially following surface irregularities of the paper, said coating having suflicient cohesion and being suflicient ly resistant to the penetration of typewriter ink therethrough so that a typewritten impression on said coated paper is initially easily erasable without noticeable defacement of said coating but becomes progressively indelible as the ink penetrates said coating and stains the paper substance beneath said coating.
  • a sheet of typewriter paper having a superficial substantia y continuous protecting coating of substantia ly even thickness following surface irregularities of the paper and capable of initially receiving a typewritten ink impression and of suflicient fragility to be locally impaired under impact ofa typewriter type to an extent.
  • a sheet of typewriter paper having a sizing 14.
  • the method of treating paper which comprises applying a liquid coating size thereto and drying the same under such controlled conditions as to produce a coating of even thickness following surface irregularities of the paper and smilciently thin so that typewriter ink applied thereto is initially easily erasable butprogressively becomes indelible.
  • the method of treating paper which comprises applying a liquid coating size thereto while in a somewhat gelatinous condition and drying the same free from substantial surface pressure delible.

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  • Paper (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
  • Color Printing (AREA)
US690742A 1933-09-23 1933-09-23 Typewriter paper of deferred indelibility and method of preparing the same Expired - Lifetime US1994750A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US690742A US1994750A (en) 1933-09-23 1933-09-23 Typewriter paper of deferred indelibility and method of preparing the same
GB25905/34A GB434852A (en) 1933-09-23 1934-09-08 Improvements in typewriter paper of deferred indelibility and method of preparing the same
FR778513D FR778513A (fr) 1933-09-23 1934-09-15 Papier de machine à écrire à indébilité retardée des caractères écrits et procédé pour le fabriquer
DEC49662D DE637103C (de) 1933-09-23 1934-09-23 Schreibmaschinenpapier

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US690742A US1994750A (en) 1933-09-23 1933-09-23 Typewriter paper of deferred indelibility and method of preparing the same

Publications (1)

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US1994750A true US1994750A (en) 1935-03-19

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US690742A Expired - Lifetime US1994750A (en) 1933-09-23 1933-09-23 Typewriter paper of deferred indelibility and method of preparing the same

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US (1) US1994750A (de)
DE (1) DE637103C (de)
FR (1) FR778513A (de)
GB (1) GB434852A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2676119A (en) * 1953-03-13 1954-04-20 Brightwater Paper Company Method of coating paper
US3193403A (en) * 1961-11-28 1965-07-06 Budd Co Method of drying paper to produce a cockle finish
US3203054A (en) * 1956-10-24 1965-08-31 Nicoll Leslie Clarence Printing

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2676119A (en) * 1953-03-13 1954-04-20 Brightwater Paper Company Method of coating paper
US3203054A (en) * 1956-10-24 1965-08-31 Nicoll Leslie Clarence Printing
US3193403A (en) * 1961-11-28 1965-07-06 Budd Co Method of drying paper to produce a cockle finish

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR778513A (fr) 1935-03-18
DE637103C (de) 1936-10-23
GB434852A (en) 1935-09-10

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