US1994447A - Burner - Google Patents

Description

March 12, 1935. I A E ET 1,994,447

' BURNER Filed April 7, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 BY 'TH'EIR TTO NEY Man-ch E2, 1935, E. a. BAILEY EIAL,

BURNER Filed April 7, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig 2' March 12, 1935. G, BAfLEY ET AL 1,994,447

BURNER Filed April 7, 1931 5 sheets-sheet 5 INVENTORS Ervin 5. fiazzey 3' kDd/Id HM Mayo arch H2; 1935. E. e. BAILEY ET AL 3,994,?

BURNER Filed April 7, 1931- 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR Dana fl. JV. Mayo March 12, 1935.

E. G. BAILEY ET AL BURNER Filed April 7, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 .Dana HM Mayo BY HEI NEY tentedar. 12, 1935 I r L994 447 BURNER Ervin G. Bailey, Easton, and Dana H. N. Mayo,-

Bethlehem, Pa, assignors to- Fuller Lefhigh. Company, New York, N. Y.) a corporation of Delaware Application April 7, 1931, Serial No; 52am 18 Claims. (Cl.'112 2) Our invention relates to burners, especially changing from one fuel to another without shutburners which are capable of operation with a ting down the furnace and with a minimum of plurality'of fuels which may beburned jointly trouble and delay, For purposes of'convenience or separately. The invention is especially usethe invention will be described as applied to a 5 ful in connection with furnaces wherein pulverfurnace in which pulverized coal and gas are 5 ized coal and gas may be burned. burned, but it will be understood that other fuels One object of the invention'is the provision .of in'fiuid or semi-fluid form might be employed.

a burner combination which will permit burn- In the drawings there .is shown a furnace wall ing of two fuels-for instance, pulverized coal and 15 having air-ports 16 therein for the admission gas, at the same time, and which will also permit of combustion air to the furnace. The wall 10 the burning of these fuels separately, and repreferably comprises water cooling tubes 17 which quire merely an operating adjustment for shiftmay be covered in any known or convenient maning from one fuel to the other. A further objectv ner to make a substantially airtight wall. As of the invention is the provision of means for here shown, certain of the tubes 1711 are dissupplying the requisite quantity of air under placed, outwardly from the line of the furnace 1.5

all operating conditions. Still a further object wall and form a recess 18 in the wall. a This reis the provision of adequate cooling means for 'cess is ofvalue in permitting a thorough mixture the burners and the walls immediately adjacent of fuel and air as the combusting fuel enters the thereto. Other objects will be apparent upon furnace, A consideration of the present specification. The air-ports 16 may open'into the recess 18 20 The invention is shown by way of illustration which has just been described. Each air-port in its application to a coal and gas burning furpreferably lies between two of the water cooling nace, in the accompanying drawings, wherein--- tubes. and is so associated with them that it iS Figure 1 is a vertical section through a furnace cooled by the tubes. Pulverized'coal burners 19 constructed in accordance with the invention, are provided which extend through the wall in I Fig. 2 is an enlarged view'of a part of the proximity to the air-ports. It will be seen that Construction illustrated i Figure 1, a modified the coal burners 19 are ports or nozzles. It will form of burner being illustrated,

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line -III and carrying air into the furnace, and thatwhere $0 III of y astream of pulverized coal is mentioned as being Fig. 4 is a horizontal section th ugh o e Of projected by a coal burner, the stream is in fact i the burners and associated parts own on an a coal-air mixture. Obviously air alone mightenlal'ged sc w be projected through the coal nozzle 19 merely Fig. 5 is a fragmental view illustratingythe gas by shutting ofl th 1 bin and cgntmuing t 1 also be realized that they project a stream of coal $5 burner and damper-arrangement according to erate the blower whereby th coal-air'mixture the construction shown r is normally projected into the furnace. Thus, 6 is Vertical sectlon on h the nozzle 19 is in fact a coal or air nozzle. .As through f burner illustrated in 4 Show here illustrated, these coal burners extend ing the perforations through which the gas leaves through the wall 15 at the recess-18 and maybe 40 ziz 'l i s a fragmental view corresponding to located between two of the Watercooling tubes b ooled b these tubes. 5 'mustratmg the gas burner damper c i ag n z l s fl ivlficlf sire fed f rom gas maniarrangement Smwn Flgure folds 21 extend into' the air-ports is in the wall.

Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate on an enlarged scale the type of damper shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and The gas nozzles do {m close; e a'ir'ports but Fig. 10 is a section on the lineX-X of Fig. 4. leave an ample opemng for an to pass through A satisfactory form of burner for use with more Wan Whel} they are in Place. In order that than one type of fuelhas long been desired in the r-p t eed t be d too large and the combustion art. It is particularly important that the as le need not ob truc t too g tthat such a burner be adapted for changing from 3', t e nozzle is p flf y flattened- Perfolfl- 50 one fuel to another without shutting down the tions 22 are provided ad acent the ends of th s furnace or making other than operating adjustnozzles nearest the interior of the furnace in ments. The present invention. provides such a order that the gas may escape in a number of burner, and is peculiarly adapted to meet the resmall jets and thoroughly mix with the surcuirements of burning two fuels together or rounding air in doing so. Thus, where gas is M into the furnace through the air-ports.

Passage of air through .the air-ports may be governed by dampers 23. In the embodiment 5 illustrated in the drawings segmental dampers are movable over the air-ports 16 to restrict the passage of air through them. These dampers are pivoted to supports 24 and may be operated in any known or convenient manner. They are movable above and below the gas nozzles with which they do not interfere.

When gas alone is burned it may be desirable to supply to the furnace more air than can be passed through the air-ports. To this end means may be provided for supplying additional air to the furnace through the coal burner. We do not desire to restrict ourselves to any particular means for accomplishing this end, and'therefore, merely mention by way of example the possibility M of throwing ,a'valve which will cut off the supply of pulverized coal to the coal burned and substitute therefor a supply of air.

The operation of a furnace constructed in accordance with the invention and provided with burners as above described will be ,obvious. When pulverized coal alone is burned the gas nozzles will remain in place but will not be used. Since they do not'restrict the air-ports unnecessarily secondary air may be passed into the furnace through the air-ports, the rate of its passage into the furnace being controlled by the position of the segmental dampers. In the event of coal shortage or injury to the pulverized coal plant, it is only necessary to supply gas to the gas nozzles. Thus the gas flame may either assist a reduced pulverized coal flame or may replace it altogether. Air entering the furnace passes over the gas nozzles and is intimately mixed with the gas issuing therefrom by reason of the fact that the gas leaves the gas nozzles in a great number of small jets which are projected into the entering air stream" at numerous points. The air passing over the gas nozzles tends to cool them in addition to the action of the water cooling tubes which act to cool the air-ports generally.

As illustrated in Fig. 4, the coal nozzle may be constructed to project the stream of pulverized coal across the air-ports 16, for instance, at right angles to the entering stream of secondary air. If gas is burned as well, the coal will be projected across the entering stream of secondary air and gas.

We prefer to stagger in a vertical direction the secondary air-ports on either side of the recess a 18, and to turn the coal nozzle at each elevation toward the secondary air-port, as illustrated in Fi 4.

Should it be found that with the dampers wide open insufficient air is entering thefurnace to permit completecombustion of the gas, additional combustion air may be supplied through the coal burner as previously described. K

From the above description it be seen that pulverized coal and gas may be urnedLat the same time, air being supplied for both fuels through the air-ports. It will be further apparent that by the simple process of shutting oif the gas, pulverized coal alonemay be burned, the stream of coal and carrying air entering the furnacethrough the coal burner and the secondary air entering through the air-ports past the inactive gas nozzles. Further, by supplying the gas nozzles with gas and shutting down the coal burner, the furnace may be operated on gas alone; and if the supply of air through the air-ports should be insuflicient to support com- 1,994,447 v burned a mixture of gas and air is discharged plete combustion of the gas additional air may easily be supplied through the coal burner.

Clearly, the invention need not be limited in its application to the precise form above described by way of example and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Variations which do not deair-port opening into the recess therein between two of said tubes and cooled thereby, and a pulverized fuel nozzle extending through said wall at the recess cooled by said tubes, in combination with a gas nozzle extending into the airport in said wall, and a damper movable alongside said gas nozzle and over that portion of the air-port in said wall not utilized by said gas nozzle to restrict the passage of air through the airport.

2. In a furnace, a wall comprising water cooled tubes, certain of said tubes being displaced outwardly from the line of the furnace wall to form a recess in said wall, said wall having an airport opening into the recess therein between two of said tubes and cooled thereby, and a nozzle for delivering pulverized fuel and/0r air extending through said wall at the recess cooled by said tubes, in combination with a gas nozzle extending into the air-port in said wall, a damper movable alongside said gas nozzle and over that portion of the air-port in said wall not utilized bysaid gas nozzle to restrict the passage of air through the air-port, said. pulverized fuel or air nozzle" supplying additional air to said furnace when gas alone is burned, substantially as described.

3. In a furnace, a wall comprising water cooled tubes, certain of said tubes being displaced out- I in said wall, and a segmental damper extending above and below said gas nozzle movable alongside said nozzle and over that'portion of the-airport in said wall not utilized by said gas nozzle to restrict, the passage of air through the airport.

4. In ,a furnace, a wall comprising water .cooled tubes, certain of said tubes being displaced outwardly from the line of the furnace wall to form a recess in said wall, said .wall

having an air-port opening into the recess there-- in between two of said tube; and-cooled thereby, and a nozzle for delivering pulverized fuel and/or air extending through said wall between two of said tubes at the recess and cooled by said tubes, in combination with a flattened perforated gas nozzle extending into the air-port in said wall, and a. segmental damper extending above and below said gas nozzle movable alongy air-port, said pulverized fuel or air nozzle, supplying additional air to said furnace when gas alone is burned substantially as described.

5. In combination, a furnace wall having a fuel burner port formed therein, a pulverized fuel burner nozzle arranged to stream of pulverized fuel through said burner port, a plurality of spaced gaseous fuel burner nozzles at one side of said pulverized fuel burner nozzle and arranged to discharge high velocity gaseous fuel jets through said burner port toward fuel burner port formed therein, pulverized fuel nozzle means arranged to discharge pulverized fuel through said port in a. stream elongated transversely of the direction of fuel discharge,

gaseous fuel nozzle means positioned at opposite sides of said pulverized fuelnozzle means and having openings. in opposite sides of the end portions thereof for the discharge of gaseous fuel jets, and means for passing air for combustion in relatively high velocity jets past said end portions and impinging on said gaseous fuel jets and subsequently on said pulverized fuel stream.

'7. In combination, a furnace wall having a fuel burner port formed therein, pulverized fuel nozzle means arranged to discharge pulver ized fuelthrough said port in a. stream elongated transversely of the' direction of fuel discharge, a plurality of staggered air inlet ports at opposite sides of said pulverized fuel nozzle means, gaseous fuel nozzles positioned in said air inlet ports at opposite sides of said pulverized fuel nozzle means and having openings on opposite sides of the end portions thereof for the plurality of ports opening to the furnace at opposite sides of said pulverized fuel nozzle means, and means for passing air for combustion and jets impinging on and commingling with corresponding oppositely directed fuel streams. 9. In combination, a. furnace wall having a series of spaced cooling fluid tubes, pulverized fuel nozzle means arranged to discharge pulverq ized fuel betweenadjacent tubes in a plurality of streams alternately oppositely directed, a plurality of ports at opposite sides of said pulverized fuel nozzle means andopenin to the furnace between adjacent tubes, mean for passing air for combustion and gaseous fuel through said ports in high velocity jets impinging on and commingling with corresponding oppositely directed fuel streams.

10. In combination, a furnace wall having a fuel burner port formed therein, pulverized fuel nozzle means arranged to discharge pulverized fuel through said'port in a stream elongated transversely of the direction of fuel discharge,

discharge a p 3 fuel nozzle means, gaseous fuel nozzle means positioned in said air inlet port and arranged L to discharge a gaseous fuel jet, means for passing air. for combustion throughsaid air inlet port, and meansior deflecting said pulverized fuel stream across said air inlet port. j

11. In .combination, a. furnace .wall having a fuel burner port formed therein, pulverized fuel nozzle means arranged to discharge pulverized fuel through said port in a stream elongated transversely of the direction of fuel discharge, 1

a plurality of staggered air inlet ports at opposite sides of said pulverized fuel nozzle means, gaseous fuel nozzle means positioned in said air inlet ports at opposite sides of said pulverized fuel nozzle means and arranged to discharge gaseous fuel jets, means for passing air for combustion through said air inletports in contact with said gaseous fuelnozzle means, and means for deflecting different portions of said pulverized fuel stream respectively across air inlet ports at opposite sides of said pulverized fuel nozzle means.

12. In combination, a furnace wall having a series of spaced cooling fluid tubes, a fuel burner port in said-wall, pulverized fuel nozzle means arranged to. discharge pulverized: fuel through said port and .between adjacent tubes in a stream elongated transversely of the direction of fuel discharge, gaseous fuel nozzles. at oppositesides .of said pulverized fuel nozzle means and arranged to discharge gaseous fuel jets, and means for deflecting different portions of said pulverized fuel stream respectively across gaseous fuel nozzles at opposite sides of said pulverized fuel nozzle means.

13. In combination, a fumace wall having a series of spaced vertically extending cooling fluid tubes, pulverized fuel nozzle means ar- I ranged to discharge pulverized fuel between adjacent tubes in a stream elongated transverseof air inlet ports at opposite sides of said pulverized fuel nozzle means and between adjacent tubes, gaseous fuel nozzle means positioned in said air inlet ports at opposite sides of said pulverized fuel nozzle means and arranged to discharge gaseous fuel jets, means for passing air for combustion through said air inlet ports adjacent said gaseous fuel nozzle means, and means for deflecting different portions of said. pulverized fuel stream respectively across air inlet ports at opposite sides of said pulverized v .fuel nozzle means. gaseous fuel throughsaid ports in high velocity 14. In combination, a furnace wall having a series of spaced vertically extending cooling fluid tubes, a fuel burner port in said wall, pulverized fuel nozzle means arranged to discharge pulverized fuel through said port and between adjacent tubes in a stream elongated transversely of the ly of the direction of fuel discharge, a plurality direction of fuel discharge, a plurality' of staggered air inlet ports at opposite sides of said pulverized fuel nozzle means and between adjacent tubes, gaseous fuel nozzle means positioned in said air inlet ports at opposite sides of said pulverized fuelnozzle means and arranged means for deflecting different portions of said pulverizedifuelstream. respectively across air inlet ports at opposite sides of said pulverized fuel nozzle means.

15. In combination, a. furnace wall having a series of spaced vertically extending cooling fluid elongated transversely of the direction of dis-.

charge, a plurality of staggered air inlet ports at opposite sides of said nozzle means and between adjacent tubes, gaseous fuel nozzle means positioned in said air inlet ports at opposite sides of said first named nozzle means and arranged to discharge gaseous fuel jets through said burner port, means for passing air for combustion through said air inlet ports impinging on said gaseous fuel jets, and means for deflecting different portions of said fluid stream respectively across airinlet ports at opposite sides of said first named nozzle means.

16. The method of burning fuel in suspension in a furnace which comprises discharging pulverized fuel into the furnace in a. stream elongated transversely of the directionof fuel discharge, discharging gaseous fuel into the furnace in a plurality of streams at opposite sides of said pulverized fuel stream, discharging air for combustion into the 'furnace in a pluralityof streams at opposite sides of said pulverized fuel stream and commingling with said gaseous fuel streams, and causing different portions of said pulverized fuel stream to be deflected in diverging directions towards and commingling with corresponding streams of air and gaseous fuel.

17.- The method of burning fuel in suspension in a furnace which comprises discharging pulverized fuel intothe furnace in a stream elongated transversely of the direction of fuel discharge, discharging gaseous fuel into the furnace in a plurality of streams at opposite sides of and directed toward said pulverized fuel stream, discharging air for combustion into the furnace in a plurality of streams at opposite sidesof and I directed towards said pulverized fuel stream and intermediate the points of discharge of and commingling with said gaseous fuel streams, and causing different portions of said pulverized fuel stream to be deflected in diverging directions towards and comminglingwith corresponding streams of air and gaseous fuel.

18. Themethod of burning fuel in suspension in a furnace which comprises discharging pulverized fuel into the furnace in a stream elongated transversely of the direction of fuel discharge, discharging. gaseous fuel into the furnace in a plurality of staggered streams at opposite sides of and directed toward said pulverized fuel stream, discharging air for combustion into the furnace in a plurality of staggered streams at opposite sides of and directed towards said pulverized fuel stream and commingling with corresponding gaseous fuel streams, and causing different portions of said pulverized fuel stream to be deflected in diverging directions, each deflected portion being directed towards and commingling with a corresponding oppositely directed stream of air and gaseous fuel.

E'EtVIN G. BAILEY. DANA H. N. MAYO.

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