US1991541A - Combined velocity and displacement pump or compressor - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 19, 1935. J. CANNIZZARO 1,991,541

COMBINED VELOCITY AND DISPLACEMENT PUMP OR COMPRESSOR Filed Sept. 19, 1933 s shee tssheet 1 IN VEN TOR.

Feb. 19, 1935: 1 J CANNIZiARO 1,991,541

COMBINED VELOCITY AND DISPLACEMENT PUMP 0R COMPRESSOR FiledSept. 19, 1935 8 Shets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

Feb. 19, 1935. J, c zz o 1,991,541

NT PUMP OB COMPRESSOR COMBINED VELOCITY ANO DISPLACEME Filed Sept. 19', 1933 8 sheets sheer. 3 I

INVEN TOR;

Feb. 19, 1935. J. CANNIZZARO 1,9919541 COMBINED VELOCITY AND DISPLACEMENT PUMP OR COMPRESSOR Filed Sept. 19, 1933 8 Sheejs-Sheet 4 INVENTOR.

Feb. 19, 1935. J. cANNlzz Ro' COMBINED VELOCITY AND DISPLACEMENT PUMP OR COMPRESSOR Filed Sept. 19, 195:5 8 5heetsSheet,5

INVEN TORY,

COMBINED VELOCITY ANDDISPLACEMENT PUMP 0R COMPRESSOR Feb. 19, 1935. J. CANNIZZARO File d Sept. 19, 1933 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 Feb. 19, 1935. J. CANNIZZARO ,5

C MENT PUMP R COMP Filed Sept. 19, 1933 8 Sheets-Sheet '7 Feb. 19, 1935. v J. CANNIZZARO 1,991,541

COMBINED VELOCITY AND DISPLACEMENT PUMP OR COMPRESSOR Filed Sept. 19, 1933 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 INVENTOR menus at. s, seas STATES IPATE n-vumol'rr Ann msrm 1am PM OB CONERESSQB v Joseph Cannizzaro, Union Gity, iii. 3. Application September 19, 1933, Serial No.69ibil82 v claims. (oi. 103-128) ed, to rotate'o'n parallel shafts in a shell provided 15 with inlet and'discharge ports, wherein each impeller is providedwith convexed' sides which are related to each other in such form as to permit the outer edges of the impeller to revolve in close proximity' with the adjacent concentric wall of '2 the shell and the adjacent side of a coacting im-- peller, and in which the impellers, so formed and mounted, divide the space in the interior of the shell ,into separate chambers, which alternately undergo an expansion and diminution of volume as the impellers change position; and wherein the said expansion of volume causes aneflicient' suetion, and the said diminution of volume, causes an emcient compression or discharge pressure.

Another important object-oi the invention is to provide a pump or compressor with helical impellers-as above described-Poi such form that that they are enabled to rotate, respectively, in

the same direction, so that centrifugal and propelling force (or velocity energy) imparted to the 3 fluid is adequately conserved;so that the pump or compressor is not subjected to the serious losses of energy and eiiiciency known to occur in ordinary two-impeller type pumps and blowers, whose impellers are only adapted to rotate in respectively opposite directions, and in which the,

thereby, opposed velocities in the fluid are considerably dissipated, and whose eihciency is furthe: reduced by the tendency of such impellers to produce a volume expansion adjacent to the .45 discharge port, therebyv compelling the imperfectly applied force of velocity to work against a counteracting suction.

Another advantage derived from the provision of coacting helical impellers adapted to rotate in the same respective directions, is that the action of suction produced by centrifugal and propelling force is coordinated with the action of suction produced by volume expansion; likewise, theac-- ,the shell on line 4-! of Figure 1.

charge caused by olume displacement; so that both methods of ac dating the fluid mutuallyaugment the force and efiiciency of each other.

Another advantage of the invention resides in effectively combining the force oi volume displacement with the force of velocity to reduce the Ross incident to the conversion of velocity energy to pressure energy, known to occur in ordinary velocity pumps and compressors.

Another advantage residing in the invention g is that it is enabled to efficiently pump viscous liquids-such as oil--for which ordinary velocity pumps are unadapted.

Another improvement residing in the invention 1 is thatit permits the eflicient application of the displacement principle at high rotative'speeds, resulting in higher thermal eiilciency and compactness of the pumping plant, as compared to ordinary slow speed displacement pumps.

The basic principles of the present invention have been partly derived and evolved from mechanical principles illustrated in Patent 1,874,239 issued to myself on August 30, 1932.

I For a full understanding of the invention, reference is to be had to the following description,

and the accompanying drawings in which,-

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the pump or compressor.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the base, on line 2-2 of Figure 3. 0

Figure 3 is an end elevation of the invention. Figure 4 isa horizontal sectional view through Figure5 is an end view of a detached half section of the shell and, the adjacent part of the discharge chamber which is integral therewith.

Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional view on line 6-6 of Figure 1.

Figure 'l is an enlarged end elevation of a pair of coacting helical impellers.

Figure 8 is an end view of one helical impeller removed from its detachable core.

Figure 9 is a side elevation of a detached core.

Figure 10 is an end view of the core shown in Figure 9.

Figure '11 is a sectional view on line 11-11 of Figure 12 showing a modified form of shell.

Figure 12 is a sectional view of the modified shell taken on line 12-12 of Figure 11.

Figure 13 isan end view of two pair of cranks, with their respective connecting links; arranged diagrammatically to show the relative angleat which one'pair of cranks is disposed in relation to the other pair. a

Figure 14 is a'perspective view of a pair of copumping operations.

acting helical impellers with a section of the shell, and'sbog in dotted lines the relative positions at which the impellers sides are disposed to each other; dotted lines also show, schematically, the relative positions of the discharge chamber and discharge ports to the said impellers.

Figure is a view similar to Figure 14, except that the impellers are shown as having turned,-- in an anti-cloclswise directionthrough an angle of sixty degrees (60), as compared to the position in Figure 14.

Figures 16 and 17 are also similar to Figure 14, but the same pair of impellers are shown ashaving turned through angles of rotation of 120 and rec", respectively, in an anti-clockwise direction, as compared to the position shown in Figure 14.

Figures 13, 19, 20, 21 and 22 are partly diagrammatic and partly schematic views, showing the same pair of impellers at successively different positions.

Figures 23 and 24 are diagratlc views illustrating the degree oi expansion a chieved during Figures 25 and 26 are views of similar nature to Figures 18 to 22, inclusive.

Figures A, 22A, and A are views of similar nature to Figures 25 and 26, except that they illustrate operations that take place in the lower part of the shell, instead of operations in the upper part of the shell.

Figure 2518 is of a similar nature to the last named views except that it shows the coordination of the operationspf a pair of helical impellers of left hand twist, with the operations of a pair of helical impellers of right hand twist.

Figure 27 is a diagram illustrating the order of discharge from different discharge ports.

Figure 28 is an end elevation of a pair of helical through a. right hand impeller at one end, through impellers of modified form.

Figure 29 is atop view of the modified impellers and a secti nd the shell. 9

Figure 3 is an end view-"partly in sectionof the modified invention showing the positions of the intake ports.

Figures 31, 32, and 33 are partly diagrammatic and partly schematic views showing the same pair of 'modified impellers at successively different positions.

In the drawings, 15 designates a shell, which is transversely divided into two detachable halves; at their juncture the said halves of the shell are provided with an exterior discharge chamber 16 whose walls are integral with the shell. Each half of shell 15 is provided with a discharge port 17 in its lower part, and a discharge port 18 in its upper part; ports 17 and 18 communicate with said discharge chamber 16.

The interior of one half of the shell is separated from the interior of the other half by a partition plate 19, which is provided with two circular apertures 20 and 20. The ends of the shell are closed by head plates 21 and'22.

Each head is provided with two exterior intake chambers 23 and 24, whose walls-are integral with the head plate. Each head plate is also provided with two intake ports 25 and 26, which communicate, respectively, with adjacent intake chambers 23 and 24. The head 21 is also provided with two cylindrical apertures into which are fitted respective bushing bearings 36 and 36'. The head 22 is likewise provided with cylindrical apertures into which are fitted bushing bearings- 38 and 38', and stufiing box glands 39 and 39. Head 21 is also provided with removable caps 37 intake chambers at both ends of the shell.

and 37' which close the outer ends of the afore-, said cylindrical apertures.

I The shell 15 and its heads 21 and 22 are affixed to base 27, which is supported by standards 28; within the -base,and underlying the shell,--there is provided an intake chest 29,-whose walls are integral with the base,-whlch is formed with upwardly curved ends to communicate with $1116 e intake chest 29 is provided at its middle part with an outer aperture in the side of the base. In the present embodiment, the invention is provided with a pair of right hand helical impellers 31, 31, in one compartment of the shell and a pair of left hand helical impellers 31', 31', in the other compartment of the shell.

The impellers (31) are, individually, of such form that in cross-section they have the shape of a triangle with convexed sides; and longitudinally, the convexed sides of the impeller, while maintainingtheir uniformly triangular relation, extend helically around the centre of the'said triangle, from one end of the impeller to its other end; in the present instance, the amount of hellcal rotation of the impellers sides, has an angular value-from one end to the other end,of 120.

The intake or suction end of each impeller "is provided with three inlet passages, respectively numbered 1, 2, '3, these inlet passages are open at the adjacent end of the impeller, and are formed with curved walls, which impart velocity to the entering fluid. For convenience in construction and assembling each impeller is made with a detachable core 33, as in Figures 8, 9, 10, where it is seen that the walls separating the inlet passages are integral with the, core 33; each core has a. length equal to the full length of the shell. Two cores are provided for two pair of s glands 39, 39. The parts of the shaft that extendout from the shell are provided, respectively, with cranks 40 and 41, which are interconnected by a link 42; the said shafts are also, respectively, provided with other cranks 43 and 44, which in relation to the first named cranks are disposed at an angle of 90,- as shown in Figures 4 and 13; cranks 43 and 44 are likewise interconnected by link 45. All cranks and links are balanced by suitable counterweights formed integral with said cranks. The purpose of the cranks and links is to communicate rotation of the driven shaft to shaft 35. p I I Adjacent to cranks and 41, the shafts are, respectively, journaled in bearings 46, 46'; the part of each shaft lying in its respective bearing is provided with an annular groove which communicates with an oil passage 47, (Fig. 4), which conveys oil to the respectively adjacent crank pin. The oil is provided by oil cups 48; the outer ends of the shafts adjacent to cranks 43 and 44 are journaled in bearings 49, 49; these bearings and the adjacent crank pins are also provided with the above described lubricating system. The cranks and bearings adjacent thereto, are mounted in a protecting housing 50 which is affixed to base27, the crank housing is provided with a in, that the chamber A is not, now, of a uniform,

hinged cover 51. Shaft 35 terminates withinthe housing afterpassing through bearing 49,. while shaft 35' extends beyond the housing through a suitable aperture to provide connecting means with a suitable source of motive power.

The action of the pump-or compressor is illustrated in Figures 18 to 27, inclusive. Referring to Figure 18, it will be observed that the apexes or outer edges oi the impellers a, b, c, and a, b,

have turned in an anti-clockwise direction,

through an angle of 30; and it is shown theresectional area throughout its length; and that I the part of chamber A which lies within the shaded area between'the line It and the apex b is of greatersectional area than other parts of chamber A, and that, therefore, chamber A has undergone an expansion of volume. 'The expension of chamber A causes suction, which draws fluid thereinto, through the inlet passages 1, 1';.it will be observed that inlet passage 1' registers with intake port 25, so that it is wide open,

- expansion takes place in chamber A, in the reand that inlet passage 1 is partly open in relation to port 26,. In Figure 20, it is shown that further gion defined between and by the line h, and apexes a, and b, it is also shown that inlet passages 1, 1', are open to permit entry. of fluid through ports 25 and 28 withwhich they, respectively, cooperate.

In the position of Figure 21, chamber A has undergone a still further expansion, and inlet.

passage 1, has ceased to communicate with chamber A, however, inlet passage 1' is still open to permit entry of fluid into chamber A. The

land by the lines h,'K, and the apexes b, b; and

position of maximum expansion of chamber A, is shown in Figure 22, in which it is seen that the region of expansion is now deflned between that inlet passages 1, 1' have both ceased to provide communication between chamber A, and the source of intake. 'It will also be observed in Figure 22 that chamber A is separated from discharge port 18 by the apex b, and'that further rotation of the impellers will permit chamber A,

to discharge. through said port 18; and will also cause expansion and suction in chamber 3. It will also be noted that-while the positions in Figurea 18 to 22, inclusive, illustrated the suction cycle ofchamber A, they, simultaneouslyrillustrated the discharge cycle of chamber C.

The discharge of fluid from chamber A,--which was about to begin in Figure 22,-'-is shown half I completed in Figure 25; in which it will be seen that discharge port-18 is in wide open communication with said chamber A; and that there is no communication between chamber A and the intake ports 25 and 26, because inlet passage 1' is closed and apexes b and '0'- separate chamber A from chamber -B; and as chamber A is undergoing a diminution of volume, the force of displacement resulting thereby,as well as the centrifugal force imparted to the fluid in the ro-v tating helical chamber A,-acts to'expel jthe fluid from said chamber A throughdischarge ports 18. It will also be observed that expansion Qfchamber B, and suction thereintoQ-which was :about to begin in Figure 22, -is shown half completed, and that suction of fluid thereinto is permitted through inlet passages 2, 2', which are,

respectively, open in relation to ports 25 and 26.

The discharge of fluid from chamber A is completed in the position shown in Figure 26, in which discharge therethrough.

Figure 14 is a perspective .view of the impellers in the position shown in Figure 18, while Figures 15, 16 and 1'7, are perspective views, which respectively correspond to Figures 20, 22 and 25.

The broken lines 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 44, and 55 in Figure '20, point out corresponding diagrammatic sectional or end views of the impellers.

in Figure 4, taken on the plane oi said lines 1--1, 2 2, 3-3, 4--4, 5-5, shown in Figure 4.

In Figure A, the impellers are in the same position shown in Figure 20 except that the shell is assumed to have been turned over'thereby giving a view, of the bottom of shell and the impeilers mounted therein; so that intake port 26 is at the left instead of at the right hand side, and the apexes sides and inlet passages of the impellers are correspondingly inv rted. Figures 22A, 25A and 25B are also view of the bottom of the shell and the impellers mounted therein.

Referring to Figures 20A and 20, it will be seen that while expansion of chamber A is half completed, the expansion of chamber D is about to begin and that inlet passage 1,--which is wide open and allowing the inflow of fluid to maximum discharge is passing through upper port 18, the discharge is zero at lower port 17,

Y and'vice versa. The expansion of chamber D and suction thereinto is half completed when the impellers are in the position shown in Figure 22A in which it is seen that both inlet passages 1 and 2', are open to permit inflow of fluid intoD; it

. is also shown that discharge from F is half completed while inlet passage 3 adjacent to chamber F remains closed. Figure 22A is in correspondence to Figure 22, wherein it is shown that chamber A has completed its suction cycle and is about to begin its discharge cycle.

' The expansion of chamber D is completed in the position shown in Figure 25A, in which position chamber D is about to begin its discharge cycle; inlet passage 1 is closed andremains closed throughout the discharge cycle D. The views also show how chamber D passed from the upper part of the shell to the lower part of the shell; and how chamber 0 passes from the lower to the upper part of the shell.

Referring to Figure 253 will be noted that this shows a pair of helical impellers having a left hand twist each left'hand impeller is rigidly mounted on a common shaft with a' corresponding right hand-impeller, so that right hand rection. The operations of suction and discharge by the left hand impellers are performed in the same way, as described in connection with right hand impellers, however it will be observed in Figures A and 253, that while the right hand impellers are. about to begin a discharge cycle at chamber D, the left hand impellers are at the mid point-or maximum-in the performance oi their discharge cycle with relation to discharge port 17'. It will be noted, therefore, that when the left hand impellers reach that part of their cycle wherein they produce maximum discharge at one port, the right hand impellers are at a point of minimum-or zero-discharge in relation to a corresponding discharge port, and vice versa.

Furthermore, it was pointed out in connection with Figures 20 and 20A, that when a pair of im= pellers is at maximum discharge in relation to their upper discharge port, they are at minimum discharge in relation to their lower discharge port and vice versa. The order of discharge from difierent discharge ports is illustrated by Figure 27, in which the dotted lines 1, 2,3,4, 5, 6, denote successive one-sixths of a revolution oi the impellers; and the areas 01' thetriangles A A A denote successive volumes of fluid discharged through the upper port 18, of the right hand impellers; and the. triangles B B B denote successive volumes of fluid discharged through the upper port of the left hand impellers; likewise, triangles a a, a denote successive volumes of fluid discharged through the lower port 17, of the right hand impellers; and triangles b b b denote successive volumes of fluid, discharged through the lower port 17, of the left hand impellers. A maximum volume of discharge at a discharge port is denoted where one of the dotted lines passes through the wid est part of a corresponding triangle; while a minimum discharge is indicated where the dotted line passes by the end of a triangle.

Assuming that dotted line 1 indicates the position shown in Figure 18, the volume of fluid discharged through port 18, is at minimum, or zero. On the line 2 discharge through port 18, denoted by A is at maximum, which corresponds with Figure 20; at line 3 discharge through port 18, is minimum,'corresponding with Figure 22; at line 4, discharge 'throughport l8 denoted by A is at maximum corresponding withFigure 25. 'Likewise, at line 2 discharge through port 17, isminimum, corresponding with Figure 20A, at line 3 discharge through port 17 is at maximum, denoted by a, corresponding'with Figure 22A; at line 4, discharge through port 17, is minimum, which discharge through port 17, denoted by 12 is at maximum, corresponding, respectively, with Figures 25A and 25B,

It is thereby demonstrated that the combined discharge from all discharge ports, will produce a constant how of uniform volume.

In Figure 23, A, A, illustrate the position and volume of the rearward half of the unexpanded chamber A, as in Figure 18, while in Figure 24, A and A illustrate the position and volume of the forward half of said chamber A, as in Figure 18; assuming that chamber A has moved to the position shown in Figure 22, the position of the forward half of chamber A is indicated in Figure 24 by A and A A denoting the original area of chamber A at the forwardend, while A denotes the original area of chamber A at the mid-= section, where it is shown that the original area of chamber A has been enlarged by the shaded area A+ and slightly diminished by the area A-'-; the enlargedpart of chamber A extends toward the forwardend, and has the lines d, e, and apex b, as boundary lines. Figure 23 is a similar view of the enlargement of the rearward half of chamber A, in the position of Figure 22, the original area of chamber A, at the midsection is likewise denoted by A and the enlargement thereof by A+, in like manner the enlargement extends rearward between lines at, e, and apex b.

The modified shell illustrated in Figures 11 and 12 shows a method of construction, that permits the use 05. an undivided shell; in thisinstance the shell 57, is continuous, and is provided with two removable liners 52, which hold in place the usual partition plate 19. The exterior of the shell, adjacent to usual discharge ports is provided with discharge chests 53 and 54, integral with the shell, which are connected together by a suitably formed detachable pipe 56; The discharge chest 54 is provided with the usual discharge aperture 55. i

The modified impellers 58, 58 shown in Figures 28 to 33, inclusive, each have the form,--in cross section of two segments of a circle, and longitudinally, the convexed sides of the impeller, uniformly maintain a mutual constant relation and extend helically around the centre, from one end of the impeller to its other end; in the present instance, the amount of helical rotation of the impellers sides has an angular value,.trom one end to the other,of 90.

The coacting impellers 58, 58', are mounted on parallel shafts in a shell 59, whose concentric walls permit the impellers outer edges to revolve in close proximity therewith. Each impeller is provided with two inlet passages-1, 2 and 1", 2', which cooperate with appropriately located intake ports 61, 61, in head 62; in all other respects the construction of shell, base, and driving mechanism would be as described before.

In Figure 31, chamber A is aboutto expand, thereby beginning its suction cycle, and drawing iiuid thereinto through inlet passages 1 and 1', and intake ports 61 and 61', as is further shown in Figure 32. The completion of this suction cycle in chamber A, is shown in Figure-33. Figures 31 to 33, inclusive, simultaneously illustrate successive stages of the discharge cycle oi. chamber B; also showing, that inlet passage 2 adjacent to chamber B, remains closed during the said discharge cycle, thereby preventing communication between chamber B, and the source of intake therethrough. I

Having thus described the invention, and some of its modifications, I claim:

1. Ir. a pump or compressor, substantially as shown and described, the combination ot a shell, a partition in theshell dividing said shell transversely into two compartments, discharge ports in each compartment, a common discharge chamber around the exterior of the shell, communicating with the said discharge ports, a pair 01' right hand helical impellers,which in crosssection are, respectively, triangular with convexed sides-mounted to rotate in one compartment of the shell, and cooperating with the shell to form chambers whose respective volumes vary as the impellers change position, a pair of left as the impellers change position, inlet passages in the impellers, heads closing the ends of the shell, intake ports in the heads cooperating with the inlet passages in the impellers, intake chambers in the heads, a base supporting the shell, a common intake chamber in the base communicating with the intake chambers in the heads, means for rotating the impellers, respectively, in the same direction, as and for the purpose set forth. c

2. In a pump or compressor, substantially as shown and described, the combination of a shell,

a partition in the Shell dividing said 'shell'into" two compartments, discharge ports in each-compartment, a common discharge chamber around the exterior of the shell, communicating with said discharge ports, a pair of right hand helical impellers,which in cross-section are, respectively, in the form of two segments of a circle,- mounted to rotate in one compartment of the shell, and cooperating with the shell to form chambers, whose, respective volumes vary as the impellers change position, a pair of left hand helical impellers,which in cross-section are, respectively, in the form of two segments of a circle,mounted to rotate in the other compartment of the shell, and cooperating with the shell to form chambers, whose respective volumes vary as the impellers change position; inlet passages in the impellers, heads closing the ends of the shell, intake ports in the heads cooperating with the inlet passages .in the impellers, intake chambers in the heads, a base supporting the shell, a common intake chamber in the"ba'se communieating with the intake 'chambers in the heads, and means for rotating the impellers, respectively, in the same direction, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a pump or compressor, the combination of a shell, one or more pair of helical impellers,- which in cross-section are, respectively, triangular with convexed sides, .mounted to rotate in the shell, and cooperating with the shell to form chambers which respectively, vary in volume as the impellers change position-causing, alternately, suction and discharging pressure in said chambers,means cooperating with the impellers for introducing fluid to the chambers, means cooperating with the impellers, for discharging fluid from said chambers, and means for rotating the impellers, respectively, in the same direction.

- of a shell,'one or more pair of helical impellers,-

which isv cross-section are, respectively, in the form of two segments of a circle,mounted to rotate in the shell, and cooperating with the shell, to form chambers whose respective volumes vary as the impellers change position,- causing, alternately, suction and discharging pressure in said chambers,--means cooperating with the impellers for introducing fluid to said chambers, means cooperating with the impellers for discharging fluid from said chambers, and meansfor rotating the impellers, respectively, in the same direction.

5. In a pump or compressor the combination of a shell, one or more pair of helical impellers with convexed sides, mounted to rotate in the shell, and cooperating with the shell to form' chambers, whose respective volumes vary as the impellers change position,causing, alternately, suction and discharging pressure in said chambers,-means cooperating with the impellers for introducing fluid to said chambers, means cooperating with .the impellers for discharging fluid from said chambers, and means for rotating the impellers, respectively, in the same direction.

6. In a pump or compressor the combination of a plur f helical impellers with convexed sides mogifed to rotate and cooperate to form one or mofechambers whose respective volumes vary as the impellers change position,-causing, alternately, suction and discharging pressure in said, chambers, means for introducing fluid to said chambers, means for discharging fluid from said chambers, and means for rotating'the impellers, respectively, inthe same direction.

'7. In a pump or compressor the combination of a shell, a pair of helical impellers,which in cross-section are triangular with convexed sides,- mounted to rotate in the shell and cooperating with the shell to form chambers whose respective volumes vary as the impellers change position,--causing, alternately, suction and discharging pressure. in saidchambers, means ior discharging fluid from said chambers, means for introducing fluid to said chambers, and means for rotating the impellers, respective y, in the same direction.

' JOSEPH 'CAN'NIZZARO.

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