US1987799A

US1987799A - Pattern copying machine

Info

Publication number: US1987799A
Application number: US511826A
Authority: US
Inventors: Ryan George Francis
Original assignee: United Shoe Machinery Corp
Current assignee: United Shoe Machinery Corp
Priority date: 1931-01-28
Filing date: 1931-01-28
Publication date: 1935-01-15
Anticipated expiration: 1952-01-15

Description

Jan. 15, 1935. 6.1-. RYAN PATTERN COPYING MACHINE Filed Jan. 28, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet l Jan. 15, 1935. 5. F. RYAN PATTERN COPYING MACHINE 4 sheets-sheet 2' Filed Jan. 28, 1931 l/E/V 72714. M w

Jan. 15, 1935. G. F. RYAN 7 1,987 799 v PATTERN COPYING MACHINE Filed Jan. 28, 193]. 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 HEW/

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1,26 MA/EA/ 70R; 115

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10,2 108 1 Jan. 15, 1935. G, F RYAN PATTERN COPYING MACHINE Filed Jan. 28, 1951 I 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Jan. 15, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PATTERN COPYING momma Application January 28,

1931, Serial No. 511,826

50Claims. (c1. 33-23) This invention relates to pattern copying machines in which amodel is copied, generally in magnified or reduced dimensions, in a work piece. It is disclosed as embodied in a so-called pattern 5 grading machine, for making shoe upper patterns from model patterns of the model size (which, in womens work, is ordinarily 4B). The illustrated machine is of the type shown in United States Letters Patent No. 1,807,195, granted May 26, 1931, on the application of E. H. Burke, and in my prior application Serial No. 432,866, filed March 3, 1930. While the invention has been described in relation to a pattern grading machine it is not necessarily limited to machines of this type, or even to two-dimensional as distinguished from three-dimensional machines.

A pattern grading machine of the type disclosed contains two pantographs which geometrically magnify the length and width of the model independently. That is, alllines drawn in the model pattern parallel to its length are multiplied in length by a constant, and all lines drawn in it parallel to its width are multiplied in length by an independent constant, and reproduced in the work. A shoe upper part out from a pattern so graded from a model-pattern will fit a last graded in the ordinary manner in a last lathe. Such lasts are, however, unsatisfactory, particularly in the manufacture of womens shoes, because of the intolerable variations in toe spring introduced by the width grader and they have to be bent back to a satisfactory-shape by sawing opposite slots and wedgingone until the other closes, or by cutting a corrected last directly in a special lathe, such, for example, as is shown in United States Letters Patent No. 1,362,183, issued December 14, 1920, on the application of L. B. Whipple, or in United States Letters Patent No. 1,362,185, issued December 14, 1920, on the application of S. E. Boynton. Such corrected lasts cannot be fitted by uppers graded in the ordinary way, and it has been necessary to improve the pattern grading machine'so that it will in effect bend the model or, in another way of looking at the matter, reproduce from the model a bent work piece. This problem has been treated in United States Letters Patent No. 1,520,075, issued December 23, 1924, on the application of R. M. Packard, reissued as Patent No. 18,032, April '7, 1931, and in the Burke patent above mentioned.

Pattern copying machines of either of the two types mentioned, that is, for reproducing solid or flat models, comprise four primary instrumentalities, model holder, work holder, model follower and tool, interconnected by pantographic mechanism, whereby the movement of the follower around the pattern controls the movement of .the tool around the work. These movements are to be considered as relative movements, because it is unnecessary that all of the instrumentalities actually move. In the last lathe they all move; in the pattern grading machine the model and work are normally motionless.

For the purpose of dealing with the problem described above, all four of the machines of the patents and application-mentioned embody the same fundamental principle. In each a movement of one of the primary instrumentalities, in addition to that characteristic of the normal reproductional action of the machine, is effected continuously in a certain direction during a part of the reproduction, by virtue of a movement of another of the primary instrumentalities in a direction transverse to the first-named direction. If the model and work are regarded as divided into corresponding series of thin laminae or strips (herein called differential elements) all parallel to the direction of this additional movement, the corresponding elements in the work will then appear in positions shifted relatively to those of their prototypes in the model; that is, each will be'slid a' little along its neighbor. Thus the side profile of a last or pattern produced from a given model can be varied by such a shifting of differential elements in a vertical direction.

In the machine illustrated in Patent No. 1,520,075 the model is moved parallel to its length and width independently, by means of cams. The machine shown in the Burke patent above mentioned is considerably simpler, but has dealt with entire success with the practical problems arising in the pattern grading shop, where the broader capability of the former machine is unnecessary. In both these machines the desired distortion of the normal pantographic reproduction can be effected at any selected portions of the work.

The invention of my application Serial No. 432,866, filed March 3, 1930, improved still further the two machines just mentioned. That improvement-will be better understood from a brief consideration of onespecific problem, the solution of which-"it simplifies. Suppose that it is desired to cut a 5B half pattern (that is, a pattern which will coverone side of a last) from a 43 model half pattern, and that the toe spring diniculty is to be corrected by dropping the shank portion gradually fromthe ball to the heel breast portions, by shifting one of the four primary intrumenta1ities widthwise while this portion of the pattern is being formed. Next, consider the problem of generating a 63 from the 4B. In this case the rate of the shifting movement should be twice as great as it was in the former case, since the toe spring difficulty found in ordinary grading is substantially proportional to the accretion produced by the magnification. In accordance with the invention of my application above mentioned, this shifting movement is governed by the length grading movement in the machine. This length grading movement is twice as great in the case of a 6B as in the case of a 5B, and therefore the shifting movement mechanism need not be changed in adjustment. A proper adjustment, once found, can be maintained unchanged throughout the production of an-entire line of B patterns.

My prior invention also provided an improved length grading mechanism. The manner ofeenter grading may be taken as an illustration of the class of problems which maybe dealt with by this means.

Many womens oxford shoes'haveuppers from the vamp and instep portions of which small pieces have been cutto form an ornamental pattern. Such patterns are cut inthe leather upper by means of a die similar to a clicking machine die. It is impracticable to provide a different die for each size and width because of the expense involved and it is necessary to cut this ornamental pattern on the entire ,line of uppers with only a few dies. It is inadvisable therefore, in many cases, to grade that part of the upper which covers the upper part of the foot in the same way as its rear and lower portions, because the died-out pattern will not fit the lines of the upper properly, the die being made to fit the lines of a different size. This difiiculty has given rise to the practice of center grading. Suppose, for example, that an entire half pattern is to be graded by this method. The cutting will begin at the upper end of the heel, and will proceed down the heel and around the bottom, the grading mechanismsbeing used in the ordinary way. In coming back to the starting point along the top edge the length grader will be set on center while the area covered by the died-out portion is being pamed (whence the name given to the practice), copying this portion of the upper edge of the model without length grading it. This makes it fit the die which is actually to be used in cutting out the ornamentation. When the model wheel has reached the starting point on the model the cutter will not have reached the corresponding point on the work since the bottom has been length graded and part of the top has not, and the cutting has to be finished empirically.

In order to deal with this and similar difficulties, my former invention provided an improved grading mechanism, shown as a length grading mechanism, in which the length grading factor can be substantially changed without injury to the work as the work proceeds, in order, for example, to make up the loss in length grade suffered in passing a died-out portion of a pattern.

It is a principal object of the present invention to improve still further upon the invention of my prior application, Serial No. 432,866, while sacrificing none ofthe advantages of it and of the prior inventions mentioned.

To this end, while retaining the feature of driving the shifting mechanism by the length grading movement, I have provided an alternative means for driving the shifting mechanism which is independent of the length grading movement. The shifting mechanism (working in width) can thus be used when the machine is not magnifying in length. The present invention thus combines the advantage of my prior invention of application Serial No. 432,866, of driving the shifting mechanism by the grading movement, with the advantages of the prior invention of the Burke patent above mentioned, of "effecting the shiftingmovement independently'of the grading movement.

Another important feature of the invention consists in making the movement of the principal driving member of the shifting mechanism, in

both ways of driving it, independent of the movements of all elements of the machine except those which are intended to drive it. In the illustrated machine the principal driving member is a swinging arc (in effect a bell-crank lever) connectedto one of the principal instrumentalities, herein shown as the cutter. In accordance with this feature of the invention the arc and the cutter are relatively motionless at all times except when the are is being driven, no matter what else may be happening in the machine. Thus, the arc can always be started from the same standard position, and its performance accurately predicted. The action of the arc is utilized to move the main fulcrum of the width gradinglever, and is'thus entirely unaffected by the swinging movement of the width grading lever itself in exercising its grading function.

The machine illustrated herein also provides a shifting mechanism operating to effect longitudinal displacement of longitudinally extending differential elements by virtue of a movement of a primary instrumentality widthwise of the model or work piece. preserves the advantage of the invention of the Packard Patent No. 1,520,075 and at the same time provides a simpler construction than that of the patent.

The present invention also provides improved grading mechanisms, for both length and width,

in which the grading factors can be changed as the work proceeds, without injury to the work. The mechanism herein shown is simpler and cheaper to build than that shown in my prior application and furthermore is provided for both grading mechanisms instead of merely for the length grader as therein shown.

These and other features of the invention comprising certain combinations and arrangements of parts will be apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, in which Fig. l is a plan view;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged plan view of a part of the mechanism shown in Fig. 1;

Fig, 3 is a section on the line III-III of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a section on the line IVIV of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is an elevation of part of the mechanism shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a section on the line VIVI of Fig. 1;

Fig. '7 is a section on the line VII-VII of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a section on the line VIIIVIII of Fig. 2;

Fig. 9 is a detail of the width grading lever;

Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic sketch, in plan, of the machine, in which parts which lie one above the other have been horizontally displaced for the sake of clearness; and

Fig. 11 is a detail view of part of the mechanism shown in Fig. l.

The machine shown is a commercial Reed pattern grading machine, certain parts of which have This feature of the invention been removed and replaced by constructions relating to the present invention.

The main frame 10 is equippedwith tracks 12 running widthwise of the .machine, or toward and from the operator. This direction is called north and south in the pattern grading shop, and the perpendicular direction is called east and west. In other words, the machine is looked at as if it were a map in front of an operator facing to the north. These terms will be used herein, in these significations.

A large carriage 14 is arranged to move north and south on the tracks 12. The carriage 14 has tracks lfi-running east and west on which move two

carriages

18, 20, the former carrying the model guide or follower 22 above the model holder 24 on the frame 10, and the latter provided with north and south extending tracks 26, on which runs the cutter carriage 28 with its cutter 30.

The

carriages

18, 20 are connected by a length grading lever 32 and its link 34, and the

carriages

20 and 28 are connected by a width grading lever 36 and its link 38.

The length grading lever 32 is pivoted at its end 40 to a slide 41 running north and south on the carriage l4. Near its other end it is pivoted at 42 to the carriage 18, and a so-called basket 44 is adjustable along the well-known slot in the end of the lever so that it may take positions either side of the pivot 42. The link 34 is pivoted to the basket and at its other end is connected to the carriage 20. Thus, as is well known, east and west movement of the model guide 22 will cause a differential or length grading movement of the

carriages

18, 20, depending on the adjustment of the basket 44.

The width grading lever 36 has its eastern end pivoted to a slide 37 (Fig. 9) which runs east and west on the under side of an overhanging bar 46. This structure is well known. The bar 46 has been almost entirely cut away since it lies above other parts of the machine. The pivot 47 at the west ern end of the grading lever 36 is carried by the carriage 20 and its basket 48 with the end of its link 38 are adjustable along a slot in the lever, as described in the case of the length grading lever 32. As is well understood, a north and south movement of the model guide 22 will move the

carriages

14, 18, 20 by the same amount, will swing the lever 36, whose eastern end is fixed against north and south movement, and thus cause a difierential or width grading movement of the

carriages

20, 28.

. All the structure and operation so far described are old and well understood. The abovedescribed action of the grading levers is hereinafter called regular grading.

The illustrated machine provides mechanism for effecting a north and south movement (by which expression is meant a movement in either a north or south direction) of the cutter 30 (in addition to any grading movement it may have), due purely to an east and west movement of the model guide 22. This is the shifting movement above described. In my application referred to this is effected by changing the effective length of the link 38. In the machine herein shown it is effected by shifting the pivot 4'7 of the width grading lever 36 in a north and south direction. The structure for accomplishing this is as follows (see principally Figs. 2 and 3):

A large bracket 50 is mounted on the carriage 20 by means of screws 52 (Figs. 3 and 6) seated in the holes in which the pivots of the west end of the link 34 and of the width grading lever 36 are seatedin the unimproved Reed machine. A screw 52 and the pivot 47 are shown slightly offset in Fig. 1. The

elements

20 and 50, once relatively adjusted by the set screws 53, remain rigid- 1y connected. This structure has been adopted for considerations of economy, it being desirable to use the structure of the old commercial machine as far as possible. The bracket 50 carries a north and south moving slide 54 on which is mounted a second and shorter north and, south slidable adjustable member 56. The slide 54 carries the pivot 47 of the width grading lever36.

The member or slide 56 has a vertical shaft 58 in it with a pinion 60 on its lower end below the member 56 A handle 62 is pivoted on the upper end of the shaft 58, and when turned slightly from horizontal position can be used to turn the shaft and pinion. When the handle 62 is turned to a horizontal position, a cam on its lower face wedges against a hub 62 on the top of the slide 56 and clamps the pinion 60 immovably to the slide. The pinion 60 engages in a rack 63 fastened to the slide 54 and thus serves as a means of adjusting the slide 56 north and south on the slide 54. The extent of such adjustment is indicated by a pointer 64 pivoted at 66 on the slide 54 and having a pin-and-slot connection at 68 with the slide 56. The pointer reads along a circular scale '70 on the slide 54. Both slides 54, 56 are held rigidly connected when the handle 62 is in clamping position and are moved by a link '72 having one end pivoted on the hub 62 and its other end pivoted on a pin '74 which by means of a nut '76 can be clamped anywhere in a slot in an arc '78 the radius of which equals the length of the link '72. The pin '74 is shown in neutral position in Fig. 2 and in an operative position in Figs. 1 and 10. The are '78 swings about the axis of a pivot pin to which it is keyed. The pin 80 is mounted in a bearing in the bracket 50 and has a square end below the bracket fitting into a square hole in an arm 82. Below the square end the pin 80 has a stub on which is freely rotatable a pinion 84.

A little shaft 86 is mounted to move freely in a circular slot 87 in the bracket '50. It passes rotatably through a bearing in the arm 82 and then through a distance washer and then through a little pinion 88 to which it is pinned and which engages the pinion 84. It is shouldered for a clamp washer 101. Its lower end is right-hand threadd into a flanged nut 90 which, when the shaft 86 is screwed up in it by the handle 92, grips a slotted link 94 fixedly between the nut 90 and the washer 101 which overlies the link a little, thus locking the link 94 to the shaft 86 and pivoting the link 94 to the arm 82, The slot in the link engages flat sides on the nut which is thus held against rotation. When the handle 92 is turned so as to unscrew the nut 90 the pinion 88 will cause the pinion 84 to turn a pinion 96 pinned on a lefthand threaded stub 98 pivoted in the north end of the arm 82 and will in the same way clamp a slotted bar 100 to the stub 98, thus pivoting the bar 100 to the arm 82. One or the other of the bars 94,100 can thus drive the arm 62, shaft 80 and are 78. When the handle 92 is in its central position, a cam on its lower surface can beset by pushing the handle down to clamp the bar 82 and pinion 88 to the bracket 50 by means of the collar 101 and thus prevent any movement of the are '78. Adjustable stops 101 are provided on the are '78 to limit the adjustment of the pin 74.

One of the

bars

94, 100, alone, will enable the machine to perform its functions, but it is convenient to have two, driving the arm 82 in opposite directions. This will sometimes avoid setting the pin 74 to the opposite side of its neutral position.

The bars 94, are pivoted to a crosshead 102 having a slide arm 104 running east and west in a slideway in an arm or bracket 106 bolted on the carriage 18 (see Figs. 5 and 8). The slide arm 104 is fastened to the arm 106 by a screw 108 having a right-hand thread 110 at its end engaging a nut slidable in a T slot in the arm 106, and a left-hand thread 112 engaging the slide 104. When the screw 108 is turned right-handed it will thus clamp the

elements

104, 106 together. When the screw is turned left-handed it will release the

elements

104, 106 and clamp the slide 104 to a member 114 which is slidable in a guide in the top of the slide 104, the member 114 being slotted to receive the screw 108. The function of the member 114 will appear later.

An arm 116 (Fig. 2) mounted in the slide 54 carries a rack bar 118 (Fig. 4) arranged to mesh with a pinion 120 mounted on the bracket 50, This pinion carries a pointer 121 reading on a scale 122 and thus indicates the movement of the slide 54.

A latch 123 (Fig. 3) is pivoted on the arm 82 and engages a notch in the bracket 50 to lock the arm 82 in central position when desired, to prevent accidental movement of the arm.

The mechanism so far described is efiective to shift the cutter 30 north and south by virtue of an east and west movement of the model guide 22. Such a movement moves the

carriages

18, 20 and moves them differentially in an east and west direction owing to the action of the length grading lever 32. If then one of the

bars

94, 100, which move with the carriage 18, is clamped to the bar 82 the are 78 will be swung by an amount substantially proportional to the differential movement. This will actuate the link '72, if adjusted 011 the center 80, to shift the width grading lever pivot 47 north and south.

It should be noticed that the are '78 is motionless relatively to the bracket 50 at all times except when it is being driven by one of the

bars

94, 100. Thus, when it is thrown into operation by clamping one of the

bars

94, 100 to it, its effect in moving the center 47 is unaffected by the position of the width grading lever 36. The model guide 22 may have been moved much or little from its initial position at the time the drive of the arc '78 is started: the arc can always be started from neutral position so that its efiect in moving the center 47 is dependent only on the adjustment of the link '72 and on the differential movement of the

carriages

18 and 20. I have thus preserved the advantage of the machine of my prior invention of my application Serial No. 432,866 and have effected the improvement of making the setting of the link '72 entirely independent of width grading.

This mechanism, as described, is not effective when the machine is not length grading because then there is no diiferential movement of the

carriages

18, 20 to drive it. The shifting effect, which is sometimes desired in such a case, may

be secured by the following described mechanism.

members

104 and 114 being clamped together, as above described, the movement of the length grading lever 32 itself, even though the basket 44 is set neutral, will operate the slide 104 and the remainder of the mechanism described.

It is sometimes desirable to effect an east and west shifting movement between the primary instrumentalities of the machine due to a north and south movement between them in addition to their regular grading movement due to the north and south movement. This is the same type of operation as that already described, but entirely at right angles to it. The illustrated machine also provides a simple and convenient mechanism for this purpose.

A slide bar 132 is mounted in guides 134 on one of the

carriages

20, 28 so that it can slide north and south. It has pivoted to its two

links

136, 138, the former of which is pivoted at 139 to the west end of the width grading lever 36. The link 138 is pivoted to a crank arm 140 which can be clamped by a screw 142 to the vertical spindle of a slotted are 144, the spindle being pivotally mounted in the bracket 50. A link 146 has one of its pivoted ends 147 adjustable along the slot in the arc 144 and its other end pivoted on a small slide 148 which can run east and west in a slideway in the bracket 50. The movement of this slide is shown by a pointer and scale 149.

The length grading link 34 is also pivoted to the slide 148 instead of directly to the bracket 50 (or carriage 20), and the slide 148 can be locked to the bracket by a screw 150 when desired. The screw 150 being loose and the pivot 147 being properly adjusted on the are 144, a north and south movement of the model guide 22 will swing the width grading lever 36, move the

links

136, 138, swing the arm 140 which will have already been clamped to the are 144, and effect a relative east and west movement between the

carriages

18, 20. When such action is not desired, the screw 142 will be loosened and the screw 150 tightened, which will lock the slide 148 to the bracket 50.

The illustrated machine also provides mechanism for varying the actual grading movements of the primary instrumentalities: that is, an east and west movement between two of the primary instrumentalities can be made to produce an east and west movement between two of them,

in addition to any normal length grading movement; and a north and south movement to produce a north and south movement, in addition to the regular width grading movement. In one way of looking at the matter, such mechanism permits a change in the grading rate at some desired point in the work without causing any discontinuity in its outline. One form of mechanism for efiecting this result in length grading is described and claimed in my application Serial No. 432,866, referred to. Another form is shown herein, as follows:

A slotted are 152 is pivoted on the bracket 106 and a link 154, having one pivoted end adjustable along the slot, has its other end pivoted at 155 to the bracket 50 near the slide 148. A link 156 is pivoted at one end to the south end of the are 152 and has a pin-and-slot clamppivoted connection 158 with the south end of the length grading lever 32. An east and west movement of the model guide 22 will thus rock the are 152 by virtue of the movement of the lever 32 and the link 154 will then cause a differential movement of the

carriages

18, 20.

ing merely to drive it. The screw will normally be loose when the are 152 is in use, so that the link 34 is ineffective. Thus, the length grading factor can be changed at any time without relatively moving any of the four primary instrumentalities and therefore without causing any discontinuity or jog in the periphery of the work.

The mechanism for, in effect, altering the width grading factor is as follows: An arm has a hub 162 (Fig. 3) mounted firmly on the hub of the arc 78 and swings with the arc. The arm 160 has an adjustable pivotal pin-and-slot connection at 164 with a link 166 pivoted at 168 to the west end of the width grading lever 36. If now the handle 92 is in its central position but tipped up so that the clamping cam on its lower surface is inactive, and if the latch 123 is opened, the are 78 will be free to turn in any way, and the width grading swing of the lever 36 will turn it if the connection 164 has been made. The are 78 will then move the center 47 as above described. In this case the arm 160 acts as a width grading lever, the action of which is algebraically additional to that of the main width grading lever 36. Obviously it can be set in operation at any time by making the above-described settings without any disturbance of the four primary instrumentalities. It isdriven by the width grading lever 36, as in the case of the corresponding length grading mechanism previously described, but the lever 36 here also acts independently as a grader.

It should be noticed that all the

arcs

78, 144, 152, when not in actual operation, are unaifected by the regular grading movements of the machine. Thus they can always be started into operation from neutral position and, while in that position, adjustments of the links coacting with them can be made without any other disturbance of the mechanism since in all cases the radii of the arcs are made equal to the effective lengths of their co-operating links. Since they always start into operation from neutral position their action is independent of any movements that have occurred prior to their starting into action, and can be easily predicted with accuracy.

The characteristics just described render it very easy to set the machine. It is not necessary that the

arcs

78, 144 and 152 he graduated at all. Suppose, for example, that it is desired to set the machine to shift the cutter north one-quarter inch when the model guide moves west two inches, grading two sizes up. The length grader will be set two sizes up and the link 72 will be set at the center of the are 78 and one of the

bars

94, 100 will be connected to the segment. Themodel wheel will then be run west the two inches, thus rotating the are 78 but causing no movement of the link 72. The link 72 will then be adjusted along the are 78, in the direction to cause north movement of the cutter, which will now cause the center 47 to move, as shown by the pointer 121, and when this pointer reads the desired amount the machine is properly set.

The link 146 can be set on the are 144 in the same way by means of the scale and pointer at 149. The link 154 can be set on the are 152 by the pointer at 149. This pointer will read the absolute length grade or the variation from the grade established by the lever 32 according as the link 34 is set neutral or not while the link 154 is being set.

To sum-up, there are five principal mechanisms in the disclosed machine:

A. The are 78 which, through the

elements

72, 58, 54, shifts the fulcrum 47 of the width grading lever 36; as operated by the, links 94, 100 and the carriage 18; that is by the length grading movement. This mechanism effects a north and south movement between the tool 30 and the model follower 22 due to-a-n east and west movement between the primary instrumentalities.

B. Thearc 78 as driven by the length grading lever 32; through. the lever 124. This mechanism has the. same functionas that of A above but operates when there is no length grading going on. C. The are 78 as driven by the width grading lever 36, through the arm 160. This mechanism alters the width grading factor by effecting a north and south movement between the tool and model follower due to a north and south movement between the primary instrumentalities.

D. The are 152 driven by the length grading lever. This mechanism alters the length grading factor by effecting an east and west relative movement between the model follower 22 and the cutter 30 due to an east and west movement between the primary instrumentalities.

v E. The are 144 driven by the width grading lever. This mechanism effects an east and west movement between the model follower 22 and the .cutter 30 due to a north and south movement between the primary instrumentalities.

In one aspect of the invention, the mechanisms D and E may be regarded as a combined mecha nism for effecting an east and west movement between the cutter and modelfollower, operable by either grading lever, at will. In the same way the are 78 can be regarded as characterizing a mechanism for effecting a north and south movement between the tool and the model follower, which is operable'by either grading lever, at will. Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desireto secure'by Letter'sPatent of the United States is:

1. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, grading mechanism interconnecting them to effect differential .movements between a plurality of them comprising a grading lever, two distinct mechanisms for effecting relative movements between the primary instrumentalities independent of regular grading movement, and connections whereby either mechanism, at will, may be driven by the grading lever.

2. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work anism interconnecting themto effect differential movementsbetween aplurality of them comprising twograding levers operatingin substantially perpendicular directions, mechanism for effecting relative movements between the primary instrumentalities in one of these two directions independent of regular grading movement, said mechanism being driven by either gradinglever,

at will, and mechanisms each comprising common elements of the grading mechanism, but including difierent grading levers, and arranged to be driven by the grading levers respectively, for efiecting relative movements between the primary instrumentalities in the other of the two said directions.

4. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever connected to two of them for producing differential movements of the two, and a second lever operatively located between the grading lever and one of said two primary instrumentalities and swung by the movement of the grading lever, said second lever being also arranged to move said last-named instrumentality independently of any regular grading movement in the machine.

5. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever connected to two of them for producing differential movements of the two, and a second lever operatively located between the grading lever and one of said two primary instrumentalities and swung by the movement of the grading lever, said second lever being also arranged to cause relative movement between some of the primary instrumentalities independently of any regular grading movement in the machine.

6. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted on one of the said two carriages to slide thereon in the said transverse direction, a grading lever fulcrumed on one of the two first-mentioned carriages and connected to another of the three carriages, and a second lever fulcrumed on one of the two first-mentioned carriages and connected to the grading lever and having a connection with one of the other two carriages, whereby the movement of the grading lever may cause a relative movement between the carriage on which the second lever is fulcrumed and the carriage with which it has the said connection.

7. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever connected to two of them for producing differential movement of the two, and a second lever adjustably connected between the grading lever and one of said two primary instrumentalities and swung by the movement of the grading lever and arranged to move said lastnamed instrumentality independently of any regular grading movement in the machine, the movement produced by said last-named lever being in a direction transverse to that of the movement produced by said grading lever.

8. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, 2.

work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever connected between two of them for producing differential movements of the two, and a second lever connected between the grading lever and one of the said two primary instrumentalities and swung by the movement of the grading lever and arranged to move said last-named instrumentality independently of any movement thereof due to the grading action of said grading lever.

9. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted in one of the said two carriages to slide thereon in the said transverse direction, a slide mounted on one of the two first-named carriages arranged to move parallel to the direction of movement of the third carriage, a grading lever fulcrumed on the slide and connected to the third carriage, a second grading lever fulcrumed on the other or" the two carriages, a rocking lever mounted on the former of the two carriages and connected to the slide, a second slide mounted on the other of the two carriages, a connection between the second slide and the rocking lever, and means for connecting the second slide to the carriage on which it is mounted or to the second grading lever, at will.

10. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted in one of the said two carriages to slide thereon in the said transverse direction, a grading lever iulcrumed on one of the two carriages and connected to the other, a second lever fulcrumed on the other of the two carriages and connected to the third carriage, and a driving mechanism for the second lever connectible at will to the grading lever or to the carriage on which the grading lever is mounted.

11. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted in one of the said two carriages to slide thereon in the said transverse direction, a grading lever fulcrumed on one of the two carriages and connected to the other, a second lever fulcrumed on the other of the two carriages and connected to the third carriage, and a connection between the second lever and that carriage on which the grading lever is mounted, the grading lever forming a part of said connection or not, at the will of the operator. 7

12. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever connected to two of them for producing difie'rential'movement of the two, and a second lever connected to the grading lever and having its fulcrum movable relativelyto that of the grading lever and arranged, when swung on its fulcrum, to move'the fulcrum of the grading lever to effect a movement of a primary instrumentality independently of the regular grading movement simultaneously going on in the machine.

13. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a swinging member connected to one of the said primary instrumentalities and arranged to be normally unrotated, and a second connection. between the swinging member and another of the said primary instrumentalities arranged to be rendered operable at the will of the operator whereby a relative movement in one direction between the'two said primary instrumentalities, which are connected to the swinging member, will turn the swinging' member to effect relative movementbetween the two said primary instrumentalities in a transverse direction.

14. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever connected to two of them for producing differential movement of the two, and a second lever adjustably-connectedto'the grading lever and swung by the movement thereof, said last-named lever being also connected to a said primary instrumentality and arrangement to move said last-named instrumentality inde pendently of any regular grading movement in the machine, said movement produced by said last-named lever being in a direction parallel to that produced by the gradinglever.

15. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, grading mechanism interconnecting them to effect differential movements between a plurality of them comprising two grading levers operating in substantially perpendicular directions, and mechanism for imparting to a said primary instrumentality a movement in addition to any normal grading movement, said mechanism being driven by either grading lever at will. I

16. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever connected to two of them for producing differential movement of the two, and a second lever operatively located between the grading lever and one ofsaid two primary instrumentalities and swung by the movement of the grading lever, said last-named lever being also adjustably connected to a said primary instrumentality and arranged to move said last-named lnstrumentality independently of any movement thereof due to the grading action of said grading lever.

17. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them-to move relativelyto reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, 1;

a third carriage mounted on one of the said two carriages to slide thereon in the said transverse direction, a grading lever fulcrumed onone of the first-mentioned two carriages and connected to the other, and a second lever fulcrumed on'one of the two first-mentioned carriages and connected to the other and to the grading lever, whereby the movement of the grading lever operates the second lever to elfect a relative movement between two of the three carriages mentioned.

18. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece,comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and foridentical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted on one of the said two carriages to slide thereon in the said transverse direction, a grading lever on one of the two firstmentioned carriages and connected to the other, and a second lever fulcrumed on one of the two first-mentioned carriages and having a driving connection with the third carriage, and means for driving the second lever by the movement of the grading lever, whereby the movement of the grad- 'ing lever may effect relative movement between the third carriage and one of the other two carriages.

19. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, 21' work holder, a model follower and atool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction, and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted on one -of the said two carriages to slide thereon in thesaid transverse direction, a grading lever fulcrumed on one of the two first-mentioned carriages and connected to the other, and a second lever fulcrumedon one of thetwofirst-mentioned carriages and connected to the grading lever and having a connection with one of the other two carriages,

whereby the movement of the grading lever may cause a relative movement between the carriage on which the second lever is fulcrumed and'the carriage with which it has the said connection.

20. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrument alities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively'to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever mounted on one of them and connected to another of them for producing differential movement of the two, and a second lever connected to the grading lever and having its fulcrum mounted on the primary instrumentality on which the grading lever is mounted and swung by the movement of the grading lever, said last-named lever having a connection with a said primary instrumentality and being arranged to move said last-named instrumentality'independently of any regular grading movementin the machine.

21. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising" a grading lever connected to two of them for producing differential movement of the two, and a second lever operatively located between the grading lever and one of the said two primary instrumentalities and swung by the movement of the grading lever and arranged to cause relative movement between some of the primary instrumentalities independently of any regular grading movement in the machine, said independent movement being substantially perpendicular to the direction of grading differential movement accomplished by said lever.

22. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever connected to two of them for producing differential movement of the two, and a second lever operatively located between the grading lever and one of said two primary instrumentalities and swung by the movement of the grading lever and arranged to move one of said two primary instrumentalities independently of any movement thereof due to the grading action of said grading lever, said independent movement being substantially perpendicular to the direction of grading difierential movement accomplished by said lever.

23. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever connected to two of them for producing differential movements of the two, and a second lever connected to the grading lever and swung by the movement thereof, said last-named lever being also connected 'to a said primary instrumentality and arranged to move said last-named instrumentality independently of any regular grading movement in -.the machine, said independent movement being substantially in the direction of grading differential movement accomplished by said lever.

24. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, 9. model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move rela-- tively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever connected to two of them for producing differential movementsof the two, and a second lever connected to the grading lever and swung by the movement thereof, said lastnamed lever being also connected to a said primary instrumentality and arranged to cause relative movement between some of the primary instrumentalities independently of any regular grading movement in the machine, said independent movement being substantially in the direction of grading differential movement accomplished by said lever.

25. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them. to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever connected to two of them for producing differential movement of the two, and a second lever connected to the grading lever, having its fulcrum movable relatively to that oi the grading lever, and swung by the movement of the grading lever, said lastenamed lever be ing connected to a said primary instrumentality and arranged to move said last-named instr ur mentality independently of any regular grading movement in the machine.

26. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted on one of the said two carriages to slide thereon in the said transverse direction, a grading lever fulcrumed on one of the two first-mentioned'carriages and connected to another of the three carriages mentioned, and a second lever fulcrumed on the same carriage as the grading lever and connected to the grading lever and to the other of the two first-mentioned carriages whereby swinging of the grading lever may effect relative movement between the two first-mentioned carriages.

27. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for idendirection, a slide mounted on one of the two firstnamed carriages arranged to move parallel to the direction of movement of the third carriage, a grading lever fulcrumed on the slide and connected to the third carriage, a rocking lever mounted on one of the two carriages and corn nected to the slide, a second slide mounted on the other of the two carriages, a connection between the second slide and the rocking lever, and means for connecting the second slide to the carriage on which it is mounted.

28. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instru-mentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted in one of the said .two carriages to slide thereon in the said transverse direction, a slide mounted on one of the .two first-named carriages arranged to move parallel to the direction of movement of the third carriage, a grading lever fulcrumed on the slide and connected to the third carriage, and a second lever pivoted on that carriage on which the slide is mounted, connected to the slide and connected also to that one of the first-named two carriages on which the slide is not mounted.

29. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively .to reproduce a model in a Work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted in one of 'the said two carriages to slide thereon in the said transverse direction, a slide mounted on one of '75 the two first-named carriages arranged to move parallel to the direction of movement of the third carriage, a grading lever fulcrumed on the slide and connected to the third carriage, and a lever formed of two crossed arms pivoted on one of the carriages, and having one pair of arms connected to the slide andthe other pair of arms connected to that one of the first two carriages on which the slide is not mounted.

30. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a Work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted in one of the said two carriages to slide thereon in the said transverse direction, a slide mounted on one of the two first-named carriages arranged to move parallel to the direction of movement of the third carriage, a grading lever fulcrumed on the slide and connected to the third carriage, and a second lever pivoted on one of the carriages, connected to the slide and connected also to that one of the first-named two carriages on which the slide is not mounted.

31. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted on one of the said two carriages toslide thereon in the said transverse direction, a lever fulcrumed on one of the two first-mentioned carriages, means for connecting the lever to the other of the two firstmentioned carriages at points on opposite sides of its fulcrum, and. a connecting mechanism between the lever and the third carriage, whereby relative movement of the two first-named carriages will effect relative movement between the carriage on which the lever is fulcrumed and the third carriage.

32. In a'pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading member arranged to move two of them differentially, and a swinging member arranged to be swung by the differential movement and connected to a third of the primary instrumentalities to move it in a direction transverse to the said differential movement, said swinging movement of the swinging member being dependent solely upon said differential movement. p

33. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever connected to two of them for producing differential movement of the two, a slide on which a fulcrum of the grading lever is mounted, said slide being inoperative in regular grading, and means for operating the slide when desired, comprising a connection between two of the said primary instrumentalities, the connection being operated by relative grading movement 'of the two primary instrumentalities.

34. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted on one of the said two carriages to slide thereon in the said transverse direction and having a connection therewith, said connection comprising a first lever, a grading leverfulcrumed on one of the two first-mentioned carriages and connected to the other of said two first-mentioned carriages, and a third lever fulcrumed on one of thetwo carriages and connected to the first lever andto the grading lever, wherebythe movement of the grading lever operates the third lever to effect a relative movement between one of the two firstmentioned carriages and the third carriage.

35. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mech-- anism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a Work piece, comprising grading levers connected to two of them for producing differential movements of the two, a slide on which a fulcrum of one grading lever is mounted, said slide being inoperative in regular grading, and means for operating the slide when desired, comprising a connection be tween the slide and the other grading lever.

36. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever connected to two of them for producing differential movement of the two, and a second lever connected to the grading lever, having its fulcrum fixed in posi-' tion relatively to that ofthe said grading lever, and swung by the movement of the grading lever, said last-named lever having a connection with a said primary instrumentality and being arranged to move said last-named instrumentality independently of any movement thereof due to the grading action of said grading lever.

37. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a. work holder, a model follower and a tool mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted in one of the said two carriages to slide thereon in the said transverse direction, a grading lever fulcrumed on one of the two carriages and connected to the other, a second lever fulcrumed on the other of the two carriages and connected to the third carriage, and a connection between the second lever and the grading lever to swing the second lever.

38. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third-:carriag'e mounted. on one f the said two carriages to slide thereon'in thesaid transversedirection, a grading. lever cnone of the 'two-first-mentioned carriages and connected tethe other, a second lever fulcrumed on one of thestwo first+mentioned carriages andzhaving a driving connectionwith the .thirdcarriage, and a link connectingthe second lever with the grading levenwhereby-the movement of the grading lever mayeifect relativemovement-between the third carriage, and .one of the other -two*carriages, said movementbeing in the said transverse direction.

39.-Ini.a pattern copying machine, four primary 'instrumentalities; namely, a modelrholder,

awork holder,.a model followenandatool, mechanismj interconnecting them to cause. themzto movesrelativelyzto reproduce a modeliniawork piece,-. comprising .a grading. lever connected to two-of them' for producing differential movement of the two, and 1 a second r lever vadjustably; conneotedz to the. grading'lever and..-swung by the movement thereof;said last-named lever being also connected-. to a said primary instrumentality. andmarranged to move said last-named instrumentality;independently of any movement thereof due: to thelgradingzaction-of said grading levenesaidi independent: movementmeing substantially. in the direction of grading differential movement accomplished by said lever.

- 40.x-In, a pattern:copying machine,-four primary instrumentalities,-;namely,-a model holder, a work holderparmodel. follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting themrto cause them to move-relativelyia-to reproduce: a model in. a work piece,

1 comprising;a+grading-zlever connected to two of them-for producing differential movement of the two,-iand..a second lever. connected to the grading leven-and having its fulcrum; movable relatively tolthatlof the saidgrading lever and swung by the movement thereof, said-last-named lever having a connectionwwith a said primaryinstrumentality and arranged: to -move saidlast-named instrumentality independently of any movement thereoidue to the grading zactioniof said grading lever, said independentmovement -being: substantially in the. direction of-grading differential movement accomplished by -isaid leveryand said movement being accomplished'bywvirtue of the said relative movementbetween.thefulcra of the grading lever and the-:second-named -lever.=

41. In.-a-pattern copying .machine, four primarydnstrumentalities, namely, .a model holder, a work holder amodel follower and a tool, mechanismrinterconnecting:.them to cause. themato move. relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece; comprising a. grading lever carriedby one of :themand-connected to another of themior producing; differential, movement of the two; a slide'on that primary instrumentality which :carries the grading lever-and on which slide a fulcrum of t-heigradii'ig.lever is mounted, said slide being inoperative' in :regulargradinggand means for operating the'rslide. when desired; comprising a connection 1' between the slide and the grading leveri- 42. In. a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, aworkholderjamodel follower and a tool, mechanism-interconnecting them "to cause them to move rela-tivelyvtoreproduce a model in a Work piecemcomprising: a grading lever connected to twoaofthemfor producing differential movement of-the itwo and'a second lever connected to the gradingfilever, having :its iulcrumnmovabler rel.- ativclyzto thatr-offithe gradingv levergand swung by the movement: of the grading: iever,';said:lastnamed lever being connected "to i a said. primary instrumentality and arrangedto move-said'lastnamed instrumentality independently; of any. movement thereof dueto the-grading action of saidgrading lever.

43. In a pattern copying machine, four -primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder; a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting-.ethem to cause them'tto move relativelyeto reproduce a model-in a workpiece, comprising two sliding carriages. arranged. for differential movement in one-ldirectionand for identical movement in a directionitransverse thereto, a third carriagezmounted in one of the said two carriages to slide thereonin thesaid transverse direction, a slidewmounted on'one -of the two first-namedecarriages arranged to move parallel to the direction-of movement of the third carriage, a grading'lever fulcrumed-on=theislideand connected to the third carriage, and a sec-- ond1lever .pivotedon, oneof the: carriages, con-.- nected to. the slide and to the grading lever, where,-

by the movementof the grading lever moves the secondlever to shift. the'slide andnvith it the:

grading lever fulcrum.

44 ;In. apattern copying machine, four, .pri. mary instrumentalities, namely, a model. holder, a workholder, a model follower and a .tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them= to move relatively. to reproduceamodel in a work piece, comprisinga gradinglever. connected'to two of them for producing difierentialmovements of thetwo, anda second.lever connected to the grading lever and swung-by the movement there-. of,=said last-named lever being also connected-to a said primary instrumentality and arranged to move saidlast-named instrumentalityl independently of any. movementthereof-due to the grading action 0f'.said-.-grading'lever, said independent movement being substantially in the direction .of grading differentialamovement accomplished by said lever.

45..In a patterncopying machine, four primary'instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model' follower" and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproducela modeLin a Work piece,..comprising two sliding carriages-arranged forwdiiierential movement, in one-directionandifor identical movement in a direction transversethereto, a third carriage mounted :on one of the saidtwo carriages to slide thereonin the saidtransverse direction, a gradinglever .on one of the two-first-mentioned carriages. andconnectedv tothe other,. and a second. lever.-.fulcrumed on oneiof the two first-mentioned car-. riages and-having, a connection with the third ca1riage,..whereby, ,the movement of the. grading lever. may efiect relative movement. between Ithe third carriage and one of the other. two carriages, said movement being in the said direction. .of differential .movement.

iii-Inca pattern copyingmachine, fourprimary instrumentalitiea;namely, a model holder, a workv holder, va model follower andatool, mechanism.,interconnecting. them to cause. them to move relatively. to'reproduce amodel in a work piece, comprising two slidingcarriages arranged for diiferential movement in one direction and w for identical movement in adirection transverse thereto, athird carriage mountedononeof the said. two carriages :to slide thereon in the said transverse direction, a grading lever fulcrumed on one ;ofthe .two first-mentioned icarriages and connected to the other, and a second lever fulcrumed on one of the two carriages and connected to the other and to the grading lever, whereby the movement of the grading lever operates the second lever to efiect a relative movement between the two first-mentioned carriages.

4'7. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted on one of the said two carriages to slide thereon in the said transverse direction, a grading lever fulcrumed on one of the two first-mentioned carriages and connected to the other, and a second lever fulcrumed on the same carriage as the grading lever and connected to the grading lever and to the other of the two first-mentioned carriages whereby swinging of the grading lever may effect relative movement between the two first-mentioned carriages.

48. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, 2. work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever arranged for producing differential movement of two of them, and a second lever adjustably connected to the grading lever and swung by the movement thereof, said last-named lever being adjustably connected to a said primary instrumentality and arranged to move said last-named instrumentality independently of any movement thereof due to the grading action of said grading lever, said independent movement being substantially perpendicular to the direction of grading differential movement accomplished by said lever.

49. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising two sliding carriages arranged for differential movement in one direction and for identical movement in a direction transverse thereto, a third carriage mounted in one of the said two carriages to slide thereon in the said transverse direction, a grading lever connecting the third carriage and the carriage on which it is mounted, a second lever arranged to be moved by the grading lever, and a connection between the second lever and the other of the two firstmentioned carriages.

50. In a pattern copying machine, four primary instrumentalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower and a tool, mechanism interconnecting them to cause them to move relatively to reproduce a model in a work piece, comprising a grading lever arranged for producing differential movement of two of them, and a second lever connected to the grading lever and having its fulcrum movable relatively to that of the said grading lever and swung by the movement thereof, said last-named lever having a connection with a said primary instrumentality and arranged to move said last-named instrumentality independently of any movement thereof due to the grading action of said grading lever, said independent movement being substantially perpendicular to the direction of grading differential movement accomplished by said lever.

GEORGE FRANCIS RYAN.