US1981878A - Lamp, filament, and process of making the same - Google Patents

Lamp, filament, and process of making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US1981878A
US1981878A US394651A US39465129A US1981878A US 1981878 A US1981878 A US 1981878A US 394651 A US394651 A US 394651A US 39465129 A US39465129 A US 39465129A US 1981878 A US1981878 A US 1981878A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
lamp
filament
beryllium
molybdenum
wire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US394651A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ruben Samuel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SIRIAN LAMP Co
Original Assignee
SIRIAN LAMP CO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE373634D priority Critical patent/BE373634A/xx
Application filed by SIRIAN LAMP CO filed Critical SIRIAN LAMP CO
Priority to US394651A priority patent/US1981878A/en
Priority to FR702426D priority patent/FR702426A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1981878A publication Critical patent/US1981878A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
    • H01K3/02—Manufacture of incandescent bodies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9265—Special properties
    • Y10S428/929—Electrical contact feature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/937—Sprayed metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12583—Component contains compound of adjacent metal
    • Y10T428/1259—Oxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12729—Group IIA metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
    • Y10T428/2958—Metal or metal compound in coating

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to an incandescent lamp of the filamentary type 5 in which an improved coated filament is employed.
  • Another object is to provide a filament for an electric lamp which has a coating of material selective for luminous radiation and which at the same time does not absorb an unusual amount of energy through heat losses.
  • An object also is to provide a lamp of the type specified in which the filament is coated with a material having a low vapor pressure in conjunc- 20 tion with relatively high resistance to the passage of electricity at normal operating temperatures.
  • Still another object is to provide a coated filament for use in electric lamps which resists deterioration due to chipping and fracture arising from heat variation in the use of the filament as an illuminant.
  • FIG. l is an elevation of an electric incandescent lamp embodying my invention
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a short length of filament as used in the lamp of Fig. 1 and illustrating an improved coating
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the filamentary construction of Fig. 2.
  • the filament of a lamp should be of highlyrefractory material so that the lamp can be operated at high temperatures, inasmuch as the illumination energy varies as the fourth power of the temperature.
  • the lamp filament also should be of such a material as to radiate selectively the luminous radiation in order to further amplify the efficiency. Radiation of this type is present in the ceria-thoria mantle of the Welsbach burner and also in the Nernst lamp.
  • An ideal lamp should also be of material -of relatively low vapor pressure, so that the lamp will successfully stand a life test without bringing about discolorations inside of the envelope due to evaporation of the filament material.
  • numeral designates the transparent envelope of the lamp, which envelope is attached to the usual base 11.
  • the stem 12 within the lamp and mounted on the base 11 is the filament support rod 14 having the cross supporting arms 15 to which is attached the filament 13, the ends of which terminate in contact with'the lead-in wire within the stem 12;
  • the lamp filament consists of a core or base 16 on which a coating 17 of highly refractory material is applied.
  • a refractory metal such as tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, or other similar metals. I have found molybdenum a satisfactory metal in this connection, inasmuch as it is ductile and has a relatively high melting point.
  • oxide of beryllium B6203
  • My investigations have proven that oxides of metals of low atomic number are relatively more desirable for coating filaments for electric lamps, inasmuch as these oxides are highly refractory, as well as offering higher resistance to the passage of electricity when heated to normal electric lamp temperatures.
  • the oxides of magnesium, aluminum, and beryllium have been found particularly desirable as possessing the properties above noted, andof these three oxides, beryllium oxide combines the advantageous factors most effectively. This oxide is not only practically a non-conductor when heated, thus eliminating current and electrolytic losses, but also has a low vapor pressure, tending toward a long lamp life, and is, moreover, susceptible to easy application of the filament.
  • the oxide of beryllium in addition, when heated to luminous temperatures, gives evidence of possessing selective characteristics for light radiation analogous to the selective characteristics of the thoria-ceria mixture of the Welsbach mantle.
  • the process of coating the molybdenum wire with the oxide of beryllium is as follows. Beryllium metal is powdered to a relatively fine state and incorporated with a solution of amyl acetate in nitrocellulose, such as that provided, for example, by dissolving sixteen ounces of nitrocellulose in one gallon of amyl acetate. This coat ing material is applied to molybdenum wire of the desired size which has been previously cleaned and the coating slowly heated so as to become thoroughly dried and firmly positioned Alternatively, the beryllium metal may be applied to the molybdenum base by means of a spray of the molten metal in a reducing atmosphere, such as hydrogen.
  • a reducing atmosphere such as hydrogen
  • the coating is made thick and the wire is then drawn to the desired size, this operation embedding the beryllium in the molybdenum.
  • the wire-coated with beryllium metal is then heated, as by the passage of an electric current therethrough, to a point above the melting temperature of beryllium, that is, to about 1300 C. in an atmosphere of hydrogen. At this temperature the molten beryllium combining with the electric lamp, or it may be utilized. for other uses of resistance wire.
  • the wire filament When heated in an oxidizing atmosphere, there is produced on the surface of the wire a layer of beryllium oxide, and in this form the filament is immediately available for use as a light giving material in lamps, or for other purposes.
  • the wire filament prior to oxidation, and consisting of molybdenum, for example, and coated with beryllium metal, is attached to the filament support and placed in the envelope 10. Before evacuation of the lamps and while possessing an air atmosphere, the lamps are heated to an oxidizing temperature so as to form the external coating of beryllium oxide on the filament.
  • the lamps are evacuated, and if desired, in order to 'further'increase the eficiency of the lamps, a small amount of inert gas such as argon, may be introduced into the envelope, the pressureof which need not ordinarily exceed seventy millimeters of mercury..
  • inert gas such as argon
  • refractory substances such as tungsten or tantalum may be satisfactorily used.
  • beryllium oxide is preferable, because of its low vapor pressure and high melting point, other oxides such as that of aluminum or magnesium may be used with satisfactory results.
  • magnesium metal is employed, however, helium would have to be substituted for the hydrogen in the initial heating process, due to the fact that in the case of hydrogen, there is a chemical reaction between magnesium and hydrogen at high.
  • a filament for electric lamps consisting of molybdenum metal having a coating of beryllium and molybdenum mixture and an oxide of beryllium.
  • a filament for electric incandescent lamps comprising a molybdenum core, an intermediate layer of molybdenum and beryllium metal mix-' ture, and an outer coating of beryllium oxide.
  • a process of making a filament for an electric'lamp which consists in spraying molten beryllium metal in a reducing atmosphere on a filamentary core of molybdenum, heating the wire thus coated, in a reducing atmosphere to a temperature above the melting point of the beryllium to bring about an alloy of beryllium and molybdenum on the surface of the wire, and subsequently heating the wire to bring about oxidation of the beryllium in the alloyed wire surface.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
US394651A 1929-09-23 1929-09-23 Lamp, filament, and process of making the same Expired - Lifetime US1981878A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE373634D BE373634A (ru) 1929-09-23
US394651A US1981878A (en) 1929-09-23 1929-09-23 Lamp, filament, and process of making the same
FR702426D FR702426A (fr) 1929-09-23 1930-09-20 Perfectionnements apportés aux fils à résistance et à leurs procédés de fabrication

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US394651A US1981878A (en) 1929-09-23 1929-09-23 Lamp, filament, and process of making the same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1981878A true US1981878A (en) 1934-11-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US394651A Expired - Lifetime US1981878A (en) 1929-09-23 1929-09-23 Lamp, filament, and process of making the same

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US1981878A (ru)
BE (1) BE373634A (ru)
FR (1) FR702426A (ru)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2682101A (en) * 1946-06-01 1954-06-29 Whitfield & Sheshunoff Inc Oxidation protected tungsten and molybdenum bodies and method of producing same
US2788289A (en) * 1951-06-29 1957-04-09 Climax Molybdenum Co Method of forming protective coatings for molybdenum and molybdenum-base alloys
US2849387A (en) * 1945-05-01 1958-08-26 Elmer W Brugmann Corrosion resistant jacketed metal body
US3066393A (en) * 1958-02-17 1962-12-04 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Metal clad molybdenum article
US3159461A (en) * 1958-10-20 1964-12-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Thermionic cathode
US3238489A (en) * 1962-06-11 1966-03-01 Dale Electronics Electrical resistor
US3248680A (en) * 1962-12-11 1966-04-26 Ward Leonard Electric Co Resistor
US3492463A (en) * 1966-10-20 1970-01-27 Reactor Centrum Nederland Electrical resistance heater
DE102004040711A1 (de) * 2004-08-23 2006-03-02 Schneider, Frank Leuchtmittel
USD818153S1 (en) * 2015-03-18 2018-05-15 Feit Electric Company, Inc. Decorative lamp filament
US10724690B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2020-07-28 Feit Electric Company, Inc. Omnidirectional light emitting diode filament holder

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2849387A (en) * 1945-05-01 1958-08-26 Elmer W Brugmann Corrosion resistant jacketed metal body
US2682101A (en) * 1946-06-01 1954-06-29 Whitfield & Sheshunoff Inc Oxidation protected tungsten and molybdenum bodies and method of producing same
US2788289A (en) * 1951-06-29 1957-04-09 Climax Molybdenum Co Method of forming protective coatings for molybdenum and molybdenum-base alloys
US3066393A (en) * 1958-02-17 1962-12-04 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Metal clad molybdenum article
US3159461A (en) * 1958-10-20 1964-12-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Thermionic cathode
US3238489A (en) * 1962-06-11 1966-03-01 Dale Electronics Electrical resistor
US3248680A (en) * 1962-12-11 1966-04-26 Ward Leonard Electric Co Resistor
US3492463A (en) * 1966-10-20 1970-01-27 Reactor Centrum Nederland Electrical resistance heater
DE102004040711A1 (de) * 2004-08-23 2006-03-02 Schneider, Frank Leuchtmittel
USD818153S1 (en) * 2015-03-18 2018-05-15 Feit Electric Company, Inc. Decorative lamp filament
US10724690B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2020-07-28 Feit Electric Company, Inc. Omnidirectional light emitting diode filament holder
US11143363B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2021-10-12 Feit Electric Company, Inc. Omnidirectional light emitting diode filament holder
US11543084B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2023-01-03 Fleit Electric Company, Inc. Omnidirectional light emitting diode filament holder
US12000544B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2024-06-04 Feit Electric Company, Inc. Omnidirectional light emitting diode filament holder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR702426A (fr) 1931-04-08
BE373634A (ru)

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