US1980372A - Concrete form - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 13, W34, J. T. BLAIR- in AL CONCRETE FORM Filed Jan. 17, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet l NmN IINVENTORS Nov. 13, 1934.

H J. T. BLAIR ET! AL CONCRETE FORM 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 1'7, 1930 Nov. 13, 1934. J L R r AL CONCRETE FORM 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jan. 17, 1930 Patented Nov. 13, 1934 UNITED STATES lawn PATENT OFFICE Application January. 17,

1930, Serial No. 421,530

7 Claims. (01. 25-1315) of pan as well as stock material such as is ordi-' narily furnished by any lumber yard. 1

Another object of the invention is to make the pans adjustable in respect to each other in the direction of what is herein known as the length of the series, so that a given set of pans can be made to produce an even number of coffered panels without cutting the pans.

A further object of the invention is to readily produce an adjustment of the distance between joist centers by adjusting the pans in the direction of what is herein known as the width of the series, this adjustment being accomplished by merely changing the width of thepan supports.

A still further object of the invention is to make the installment of such electrical accessories as outlet boxes an operation simultaneous with the erection of the forming, a particularly important advantage being the immediate access which may be had to such fixtures when the concrete has set and the forming has been removed.

Another object of the invention is to provide a forming that can be put together in such a way that all parts of it with the exception of the joist bottoms and shoring may be removed, enabling access of the air to practically all of the concrete or other surface to facilitate drying.

()ther objects and advantages will appear in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which,

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the parts of the forming constituting the improved mold, portions being shown in section.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the spreader and crotch illustrating its application to a purlin.

Figure 3 is a cross section illustrating the use of double wedges in connection with the spreader for the purpose of a wide spacing of the joists on centers.

Figure 4 is a detail cross section particularly illustrating how an electrical fixture, for example an outlet box, may be embodied simultaneously with the erection of the forming.

Figure 5 is a cross section similar to Figure 3 illustrating the use of single wedges for a narrower spacing of the joists on centers.

Figure 6 is a similar cross section illustrating the use of a shorter spreader and but a single wedge in producing a still narrower spacing of joists on centers.

Figure 7 is a longitudinal section taken in the direction of the length of the pan series, illustrating an expansion of the pans to full capacity.

Figure 8 is a similar view illustrating the full contraction of the pans.

Figure 9 is a cross section illustrating an arrangement for producing a fiat slab or colferedpanel ceiling, this arrangement being especially adapted to suspended ceilings.

Figure 10 is a plan view of the pans when arranged for the production of the foregoing ceiling.

Figure 11 is an inverted plan view of the finished coffered-panel ceiling.

Figure 12 is a cross section somewhat on the order of Figure 5 illustrating an omission of the pans for the purpose of producing a fiat or unpaneled ceiling between joists.

This invention is an improvement on the concrete molds of Oscar L. Gent disclosed in Patents No. 1,494,538 of May 20, 1924 and No. 1,601,- 389 of September 28, 1925. The purposes of these patented structures are to provide adjustable concrete molds which among other things, are capable of producing various arrangements of joists. A feature of Patent No. 1,601,389 is a certain dome plate which acts as a cover for a rectangular space defined by certain parts of the mold,'and like those parts is removable when the forming is taken down.

The foregoing dome plate is herein identified as the pan 1 which constitutes a coffer-shaping means. A large number of the pans will be made use of, a standard size being 20 x 2". Usually the pans will be constructed of 2" x 8" lumber, secured together in any ordinary way as well as suitably reinforced so that damage may not be sustained when dropping the pans through great distances as in disassembling the forming.

Each panl is bevelled on all four edges as at 2. The purpose of the pans is to produce a coffered or paneled ceiling, the bevelling at the edges being a most important contribution to an attractive result. In practice the finishing of the pans is not confined to bevelling because the edges can be rounded or otherwiseformed in any desired manner.

Instead of making the pans of wood they may be produced in concrete and in such instance may also be ornamented for the decoration of the coffers. Concrete pans should be well oiled or otherwise treated so that the plastic material will not no adhere to them. In no instance are the pans retained as a part of the ceiling, the removability of the pans as well as other parts of the forming being a feature of the invention.

Secured to the nether part of each pan 1 is an extension bottom 3. This is usually made by securing two 1 x 8s to the bottom of the pan. Spaces 4 are thus left at the sides of the pan (Figs. 3 to 6) but the extension bottom is offset in its application (Figs. '7 and 8) so that a tongue 5 wise of the sheet and the side edges alluded to arethose that run parallel to the length of the series. These terms are an arbitrary selection used for convenience in future reference.

Pan supports '7, 8 provide rests for the side edges of the pans. It is upon these pan supports that the longitudinal series ofpans l are assein-- bled. The extension bottoms 3fit between the parallel pan supports, the latter providing guides along which the pans may be slid in producing the desired adjustment of the pans in respect to each other in the direction of the length of the series.

Various widths of pan supports 7, 8 can be used, this depending upon the desired spacing of joists 9 (Figs. 3 to 6) on centers. The pan supports may comprise l x 4s, 1 x 5s, v1 x 8s, etc., the width of the pan supports being a direct gauge to the spacing of the joists oncenters.

For example, Figure 3 illustrates the use of pan supports 7, 8 of 1 x '1 stock. In Figure 5 1 x 6s are substituted while in Figure 6 1 x 4s are used. This produces a contraction in the spacing between centers of the joists 9, and as already indicated, this particular adjustment is solely a function in the regulation of the width of the pan supports 7, 8. i

' Light nails 10 are driven through the pan supports 7, 8 from above into the confronting joist sides 11, 12 constituting the joist-shaping means,

to the. upper edgesof which the pan supports are applied substantially as shown. The joist sides in turn may be secured by nails 13 to the edges of the joist bottoms l4. Howeventhese the series of pans 1 as do the pan supports 7. 8.

It ,is to be observed that the joist bottoms are fitted between the pairs of sides 11, 12 and that the latter, in most instances, come flush with the lower surfaces of the joist bottoms.

This particular arrangement makes it easy to drive a sharp instrument into the joint between the side 11 preparatory to taking down most of When the joist sides are loosened the pan supports '7, 8 as well as the pans will the forming;

readily fall apart either in whole or in part, leaving most of the formerly plastic surface exposed to the for ready drying.

A number of purlins 15 are extended crosswise of the forming. These are suitably secured in the gains 16 (Figs. 1 and 2) of shores 17. The shores should be so spaced that they will come below the joists 9 so that when the purlins 15 are knocked away with the rest of the forming The length of the series re-,

The front and rear edges simply placed on the pan 1 so that when the pan the shoring will still afford the major support for the cast work, and the advantage of that support may be had until the work has dried thoroughly.

The upper ends of the shores will bear against the joist'bottoms 14, which are retained for the time being, but the joist bottoms 14 cover so little of the cast surface that the process of drying is not affected to any noticeable extent. The supporting advantage'that the shoring and joist bottoms 14 afford ofl'sets' the retardation in drying to such a small extent that this is totally negligible.

Spreaders 13 have crotches 19 that fit over the purlins 15 so as to keep the spreaders in place in the spaces between the joists 9. The ,spreaders rest upon the purlins and support both the otherwise free edges of the pan supports 7- and 8, hence the pans '1. Wedges 20 are used in conjunction withthe ends of the Spreaders, and the number of wedges to be used depends upon the desired balancing of the joists between centers.

For example, Figure 3 which shows a wide spacing of joists-9 on centers illustrates the use of pairs of wedges at the opposite ends of the spreader 18. Figure 5, in which there is a lesser spacing between the joists,illustrates the use of single wedges at the opposite ends of the spreader, while Figure 6, in which the spacing between joist centers is still less illustratesthe use of not only a single wedge but also a shorter spreader.

The purpose of the wedges is to hold the joist sides 11, 12 plumb and to press these so tightly against the edges of the joist bottoms 14 that there will be no leakage of concrete at the joint.- The joist bottoms and sides'are usually made by 110 2 x 8 stock thus insuring, especially in the instance of the joist sides, an adequate co-action with the wedges 20.

Adjustments as to the depth of the joists 9 are made by'placing a one to two inch block 21 (Figs. 115 5 and 6) under the joist bottoms .14 where they cross the shoring 17. Figure 5 illustrates the use of a one inch block while Figure 6 shows the use of a two inch block. The result is'a lessening of the depth of the joist.

Electrical fixtures, such as an outlet box 22, (Fig. 4) are readily incorporated in the plastic material and are put inplace simultaneously with the erection of the forming. The box is is removed immediate access will 'be had to the box inasmuch as the opening thereinto will be flush with the surface of the coder. This facility is a decided advantage in plastic construction because it does notlater become necessary to cut out recesses and channels for the boxes and condult. 1

Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the adju'stability of the pans in the direction of the length of the series. The extension bottoms3 fill in the gap 23 between the pans and define the bottoms of cross ribs which are broadest when the pans are fully expanded (Fig. 7) and narrowest when the pans are fully contracted (Fig. 8).

'When the pans are disposed as in Figure 7 they are 1 11 on centers. In Figure 8the same series of pans is fully contracted to a spacing of 1 9 on centers. This adjustability of the pans makes it possible to space them to suit any room width and makes it possible to produce an even number of coffered panels without cutting 9, 10 and 11 illustrate this phase of the invention. The pans 1 are rested at their-side edges upon 2 x 8 plank 23. These are rested upon the purlins l5 and the shoring 1'7 will be situated at selected distances asbefore.

The extension bottoms 3 drop down between the planks 24; which thus hold the pans'in line (Fig. 10), the tongues 5 of the extension bottoms filling the spaces between the pans when it is found necessary to expand the pans in order to obtain an even spacing along the series.

In Figure 10 the pans 1 are fully contracted as, for example, in Figure 8. Figure 11 illustrates the ceiling produced by the forming in Figures 9 and 10; Should it be found that the 2 x 8 planks 24 (described in connection with Figure 9) do not space out properly in the directionof one dimension of the room they may be substituted by 2 x 10s, 2 x 12s, or planks of such other dimensions that will produce the desired spacing.

The type of construction illustrated in Figures 9, 10 and 11 is especially adapted to suspended ceilings. Such ceilings would occur on the nether side of balconies that are supported from the main ceiling or elsewhere by suspension rods. The joists are omitted, it being noted that the planks 2 1 occur where the joist sides and bottoms appear in Figures 1, 3, etc.

Sometimes the requirement of the lowest possible cost, as in some kinds of commercial work, it becomes necessary to omit the pans 1 from the forming. All parts of the latter will be utilized as in Figure 12 as is indicated by the corresponding reference numerals, the space between the pan supports '7, 8 formerly occupied by the extension bottom 3, simply being filled with boards 25 of proper Widths, or some equivalent filler. The fi'ler 25 as well as the pan supports '7, 8 will rest on the spreader 18 as in former instances, the

result being a plain ceiling rather than a cofiered arface as when the pans are used.

The advantages and operation may be reviewed briefly. The outstanding improvements over the two patents previously mentioned comprise the spreader 18, the pan supports '7, 8 and the adjustable feature of the pans 1. The longitudinal adjustment of the pans between the pan supports '7, 8 make it possible to evenly distribute the pans over any distance without cutting the pans.

While the pan supports '7, 8 are not inherently adjustable, that is to say they cannot be stretched or contracted, yet they are adjustable in the sense that they may be substituted for by wider or narrower pan supports when it is desired to alter the distance between centers of the concrete joists 9.

In the erection of the forming the purlins 15 are secured in the gains 16 of the shores 1'7. The joist bottoms 14 are laid crosswise of the purlins Fig. 1) The joist sides 11, 12 are secured by nails 13 to the side edges of the joist bottoms. This makes the joist accessible so that a sharp instrument can later be driven in to separate the sides from the bottoms as in taking down the forming.

This can be done without damaging the edges of the concrete joist 9.

The spreaders 18 are merely seated on top of the purlins 15, the crotches 19 affording the necezsary temporary support. After securing the pan supports '7, 8 to the joist sides 11, 12, properly spacing the pans 1 longitudinally of the guides that the supports '7, 8 afford and driving the wedges 20 so as to keep the sides 11, 12 plumb and leak-proof, the concrete may be poured. The necessary reinforcing rods (Figs. 1 and 3), and

any desired fixtures 22, (Fig. 4) would be fitted in place first.

At least the Spreaders 18 and wedges 20 willseparate from the forming uponknocking the purlins 15 from the shores 17. The remaining forming will come loose from the concrete work merely by virtue of its weight upon prying the joist sides 11, 12 from the joist bottoms 14. The latter will be left in place so that the shores 17 may support the work during the completion of the drying process.

The improved concrete mold is of the utmost flexibility. Adjustments of the spacing of the coffers produced by the pans 1 are possible both in the direction of the length and width of the room. The adjustment of the crosswise spacing of the coffers and the distance between centers of the joists 9 are results which go together. The variations of the depth of the joists 9 are obtained by simply using blocks 21 of the proper thickness. Thus there is no feature that is not capable of adjustment, the ultimate result being that an orderly distribution of joists and coffers can be made in the ceiling of any room regardless of what the peculiar dimensions may be.

While the construction and arrangement of the improved concrete mold is that of a generally preferred form, obviously modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

We claimz- 1. Apparatus for producing coifere'd and joisted ceilings comprising a plurality of selectively spaced and similar means for shaping the joists, a pliu'ality of spaced and similar means for shaping the coffers between each pair of adjacent joists, means extending along and above and supported by the side walls of the joist-shaping means providing supports for the intervening cotter-shaping means and of sufficient width to support the latter to agree with the chosen joist spacing, and means of sufilcient width for closing the spaces between the coffershaping means in the direction of the joists to permit selective spacing of the desired number of cotter-shaping means.

2. Apparatus for producing coifered and joisted ceilings comprising a plurality of selectively spaced and similar means for shaping the joists, a plurality of spaced and similar means for shaping the coffers between each pair of adjacent joists, means extending along and above and supported by the side walls of the joist-shaping means providing supports for the intervening coder-shaping means and of sufiicient width to support the latter to agree with the chosen joist spacing, and means of suflicient width for closing the spaces between the coder-shaping means in the direction of the joists to permit selective spacing of the desired number of coder-shaping means, said space-closing means between pairs of adjacent coder-shaping means including an offset means carried by each-individual Coffer-shaping means and. engaging the successive coffershaping means for closing the space therebetween.

3. A mold comprising spaced joist forms, ceiling supporting means bridging the space between the adjacent portions of adjacent. joist forms and supported by the upper edges thereof, means of approximately the depth of and situated between the joist forms and extending across a considerable portion of the space between adjacent joist forms and having ends terminating adjacent the exterior sides thereof and having its tween the joist forms and extending across a considerable portion of the space between adjacent joist forms and having ends terminating adjacent the exterior sides thereof and having its upper portion engaging the lower face of said bridging means for transversely supporting the same, wedge means interposed between the ends and the joist form sides by which the second mentioned means is wedged between adjacent sides of adjacent joist forms and opposes the lateral pressure therefrom near the base of said joist forms, and a purlin upon which the joist forms are rested, said second mentioned means being independently and coextensively support-e ed upon said purlin and said wedge means being independent of said purlin.

5. A mold comprising form means for spaced joists and an intermediate ceiling, a purlin upon which the lower portions of the joist form portion of the means is rested, a spreader placed edgeon upon and lying along the purlin between the 85 a; joist form portions of said form means and extending substantially across the spaced portions thereof and of a width substantially that of the depth of the joist forms for supporting the ceiling portion of said form means upon the purlin, and operatively engaging the lower portions of the joist portion of the form means for sustaining the lateral pressure therebetween immediately adjacent the purlin, and means carried by the spreader and straddling the purlin so as to loosely hold the spreader in place thereon, whereby the ceiling load is transmitted as a distributed load throughoutthe length of the spreader and directly to the purlin and the joist load is trans-, mitted directly to the purlin andsubstantially independently of each other and in non-cumulative but successive application thereto and whereby lateral pressure between the joist forming portions of the form means is not applied to the purlin.

6. A device as defined by claim 5, characterized by the addition of wedge means driven between one end of the spreader and the adjacent joist forming portionof said form means immediately adjacent the purlin for fixing the spreader in position in the space between the joist forming portions of the form means irrespective of the purlin and confining the lower portions of adjacent portions of adjacent joist forms against spreading. V

'7. A device as defined by claim 5, characterized by the addition of wedge means driven between each end of the spreader and the adjacent joist forming portion of said form means immediately adjacent the purlin for fixing the spreader in position in the space between the joist forming portions of the form means irrespective of the purlin and confining the lower portions of adjacent portions of adjacent joist forms against spreading.

JOHN T. BLAIR. JOSEPH E. BLAIR.

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