US1974284A - Power factor corrected gas discharge tube - Google Patents

Power factor corrected gas discharge tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US1974284A
US1974284A US554968A US55496831A US1974284A US 1974284 A US1974284 A US 1974284A US 554968 A US554968 A US 554968A US 55496831 A US55496831 A US 55496831A US 1974284 A US1974284 A US 1974284A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
tube
anodes
condenser
gas discharge
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Expired - Lifetime
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US554968A
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Lilienfeld Julius Edgar
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ERGON RES LAB Inc
ERGON RESEARCH LABORATORIES Inc
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ERGON RES LAB Inc
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Priority to US554968A priority Critical patent/US1974284A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/16Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies
    • H05B41/20Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch
    • H05B41/23Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode
    • H05B41/232Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode for low-pressure lamps
    • H05B41/2325Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode for low-pressure lamps provided with pre-heating electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/02High frequency starting operation for fluorescent lamp

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the operation of .uminescent or gas discharge tubes, such as the.
  • condensers of the symmetric type such as paper, mica, oil, etc. condensers, are gen- .erally too expensive in view of the relatively large capacitance required and, furthermore, break down occasionally and are not self-healing.
  • a further object of the invention resides in the provision of a relatively inexpensive and reliable condenser of substantial capacity together with further means for association with lamps of the type aforesaid and'whereby the usual phase displacement may be materially corrected.
  • Another object of the invention is to utilize one of the lamp elements to this end.
  • 1 designates a suitable source of A. C. supply and across which is connected the primary coil 2 of a transformer.
  • a neon or like tube is designated by the glass envelope 3 in which is mounted at one end and in well known manner the filament or cathode 4 and at the opposite end the two anodes 6 and 6.
  • Filament 4 is arranged to be heated through the '16 secondary coil 7 associated with primary coil 2 and is connected, also, to the neutral point 8 of an additional secondary coil 9 associated with coil 2.
  • the opposite ends of secondary coil 9 in turn are arranged to be connected to the respective anodes 5 and 6, and the apparatus thus far described difiers in no essential particular from the usual well known type of lamp of this character.
  • an electrolytic condenser of any well known or special design and represented by the anodes 10 and 11 and cathode electrodes (electrolyte) 12' and 13 is connected respectively by means of leads 14 and 15 across the cathode 4 of the neon tube and one of the anodes thereof, as the anode 6.
  • a further or auxiliary anode 16 is located at the anodic end of the envelope 3, say between the two anodes 5 and 6, and the same is connected through an additional biasing potential to the electrolyte (cathodes 12, 13).
  • a satisfactory and simple additional bias may be afforded by a further small secondary coil 1'7 associated with the primary 2 and included inseries in the lead 18 connecting auxiliary anode 16 with the cathodes 12, 13.
  • an additional anode associated with the oathode of the tube adapted to short-circuit an anode of the condenser to its cathodic electrode only for current arriving negatively at said anode.
  • a transformer having its primary connected across a sourcegof alternating current, a gas discharge luminescent tube embodying a pair of anodes and a cathode, a secondary coil of said transformer connected across the cathode for energizing the same, a further secondary coil of the transformer connected across the two tube anodes and a connection from the neutral point of said further secondary coil to the said cathode, an auxiliary anode associated with the said tube anodes and located within said tube, an etric condenser having one of its anodes connected across the said cathode and one of the pair of the tube anodes, a. connection from the said auxiliary anode to the cathode of the condenser, and a third secondary coil of the transformer included in series in the said connection from the auxiliary anode to the cathode of the condenser.
  • a transformer having its primary connected across a source of alternating current, a gas discharge luminescent tube embodying a pair of anodes and a cathode, a secondary coil of said transformer connected across the cathode for energizing the same, a further secondary coil of the transformer connected across the two tube anodes and a connection from the neutral point of said further secondary coil to the said-cathode, an auxiliary anode associated with the said tube anodes and located within said tube, an external circuit including a lead connected to the said auxiliary anode and a lead connected tothe neutral point of said further secondary coil, and electrical apparatus to which said leads are connected.

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  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Description

Sept. 18, 1934. J. E. 'LILIENFELD 1,974,284
POWER FACTOR CORRECTED GAS DISCHARGE TUBE Fil'ed Aug. 4, 1931 IN VENTOR BY 1 a ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 18, 1934 I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE rowan rac'roa CORRECTED Gas mscnanca TUBE Application August 4, 19 31, Serial No. 554,968 10 Claims. (01.176-124) The invention relates to the operation of .uminescent or gas discharge tubes, such as the.
corrected by inserting a suitable capacitance.
While any type of condenser may be utilized for this purpose, condensers of the symmetric type, such as paper, mica, oil, etc. condensers, are gen- .erally too expensive in view of the relatively large capacitance required and, furthermore, break down occasionally and are not self-healing.
A further object of the invention resides in the provision of a relatively inexpensive and reliable condenser of substantial capacity together with further means for association with lamps of the type aforesaid and'whereby the usual phase displacement may be materially corrected. Another object of the invention is to utilize one of the lamp elements to this end.
I have found that if asymmetric condensers,
e. g. the well known electrolytic condensers, be
connected in circuit in the manner hereinafter set forth, a very eflicient and relatively inexpensive corrective means is afforded.
I have further discovered that if such condenser be connected across the cathode and one of a pair of the lamp anodes-all three electrodes of such lamp being energized, as is the usual practice, from one transformer with the condenser connected to the central tap and one of the terminals or the transformer to receive but one-half the full voltage applied to the tubethe electrolyte of such condenser may be maintained constantly at a potential more negative than that of the associated condenser anodic electrodes. 1
In order to provide this bias, rectification of a portion of the current is required, which may be conveniently afforded in part by an element of the tube itself. Thus, if there be associated with the cathode of the tube an auxiliary or third anodeand the latter connected to the electrolyte or cathode electrodes of the condenser, the said electrolyte will be negatively biased. It is desirable, furthermore, to supplement this bias, for
When thus connected example, in impressing an additional potential upon the said connection between the auxiliary anode and electrolyte and which potential is obtained, preferably, through a transformer coil associated with the main power supply of the lamp.
The nature of the invention, however, will best be understood when described in connection with the accompanying drawing, which is a diagrammatic representation of a 'neon tube provided with the auxiliary anode and the condenser and rectifier connections.
Referring to the drawing, 1 designates a suitable source of A. C. supply and across which is connected the primary coil 2 of a transformer.
A neon or like tube is designated by the glass envelope 3 in which is mounted at one end and in well known manner the filament or cathode 4 and at the opposite end the two anodes 6 and 6. Filament 4 is arranged to be heated through the '16 secondary coil 7 associated with primary coil 2 and is connected, also, to the neutral point 8 of an additional secondary coil 9 associated with coil 2. The opposite ends of secondary coil 9 in turn are arranged to be connected to the respective anodes 5 and 6, and the apparatus thus far described difiers in no essential particular from the usual well known type of lamp of this character.
As hereinbefore noted, however, when utilized in this fashion the operation is under very high power factor. In accordance with the invention, an electrolytic condenser of any well known or special design and represented by the anodes 10 and 11 and cathode electrodes (electrolyte) 12' and 13 is connected respectively by means of leads 14 and 15 across the cathode 4 of the neon tube and one of the anodes thereof, as the anode 6.
To short-circuit an anode of the condenser to its electrolyte (cathode) only for current arriving negatively at the said anode, a further or auxiliary anode 16 is located at the anodic end of the envelope 3, say between the two anodes 5 and 6, and the same is connected through an additional biasing potential to the electrolyte (cathodes 12, 13). A satisfactory and simple additional bias may be afforded by a further small secondary coil 1'7 associated with the primary 2 and included inseries in the lead 18 connecting auxiliary anode 16 with the cathodes 12, 13.
I claim:
1. The combination with an alternating current operated gas discharge luminescent tube and embodying anodes and a cathode; of means associated with the cathode for rectifying a portion of the applied current, and an asymmetric condenser connected across the tube and to the rectifying means adapted to receive one-half of the full voltage applied to the tube.
2. The combination with an'alternating current operated gas discharge luminescent tube and embodying anodes and a cathode; of means associated'with the cathode for rectifying a portion of the applied current, an asymmetric condenser connected across one of the anodes and the oathodeof the tube for correcting the phase angle of thelamp power input, and a connection from the rectifying means to the cathode of said condenser to bias the same negatively.
3. The combination with an alternating cur: rent operated gas discharge luminescent tube and embodying a pair of anodes and a cathode; of means associated with the cathode of the tube for rectifying a portion of the applied current, an electrolytic condenser connected across the said cathode and one of the anodes of the tube for correcting the phase angle of the iamp power input, and a connection from the rectifying means to the electrolyte of said condenser to hias the same negatively.
e. The combination with an alternating current eperated gas discharge luminescent tube and embodying a pair of anodes and a cathode; of an asymmetric condenser connected across one of the anodes and the cathode of the tube for correcting the phase angle of the lamp power input,
and an additional anode associated with the oathode of the tube adapted to short-circuit an anode of the condenser to its cathodic electrode only for current arriving negatively at said anode.
5. The combination with an alternating current operated gas discharge luminescent tube and embodying a pair of anodes and a cathode; of an asymmetric condenser connected across one of the anodes and the cathode of the tube for corrooting the phase angle of the lamp power input, additional anode associated with the cathode oi the tube adapted to short-circuit an anode of the condenser to its cathode only for current ar- 1 riving negatively'at said anode, and means to, supplement the negativebias of the cathode of secondary coil, of the transformer connected to the said cathode. an auxiliary anode associ- I ataaea ated with the said tube anodes and located within said tube, an asymmetric condenser having one of its anodes connected across the said cathode and one of the pair of the tube anodes, and a connection from the said auxiliary anode to the cathode of the condenser. I
7. In combination: a transformer having its primary connected across a sourcegof alternating current, a gas discharge luminescent tube embodying a pair of anodes and a cathode, a secondary coil of said transformer connected across the cathode for energizing the same, a further secondary coil of the transformer connected across the two tube anodes and a connection from the neutral point of said further secondary coil to the said cathode, an auxiliary anode associated with the said tube anodes and located within said tube, an etric condenser having one of its anodes connected across the said cathode and one of the pair of the tube anodes, a. connection from the said auxiliary anode to the cathode of the condenser, and a third secondary coil of the transformer included in series in the said connection from the auxiliary anode to the cathode of the condenser.-
53. The combination withan alternating current operated gas discharge luminescent tube and embodying anodes and a cathode; of means associated with the cathode of the tube for rectifying a portion of the current applied to said tube and a capacitor included in circuit with the rectifying means.
9. The combination with an alternating current operated gas discharge luminescent tube and embodying a pair oi anodes and a cathode; of an additional anode associated with the oathodeof the tube for rectifying a portion of the our ent applied to said tube, and a capacitor incl ed in circuit with the said additional anode.
ii. In combination: a, transformer having its primary connected across a source of alternating current, a gas discharge luminescent tube embodying a pair of anodes and a cathode, a secondary coil of said transformer connected across the cathode for energizing the same, a further secondary coil of the transformer connected across the two tube anodes and a connection from the neutral point of said further secondary coil to the said-cathode, an auxiliary anode associated with the said tube anodes and located within said tube, an external circuit including a lead connected to the said auxiliary anode and a lead connected tothe neutral point of said further secondary coil, and electrical apparatus to which said leads are connected.
Nil
US554968A 1931-08-04 1931-08-04 Power factor corrected gas discharge tube Expired - Lifetime US1974284A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2627591A (en) * 1944-06-27 1953-02-03 Inst Divi Thomae Foundation Means and method of antistroboscopic arc operation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2627591A (en) * 1944-06-27 1953-02-03 Inst Divi Thomae Foundation Means and method of antistroboscopic arc operation

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