US1973197A

US1973197A - Hydraulic drilling device

Info

Publication number: US1973197A
Application number: US621917A
Authority: US
Inventors: Harold U Baker
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1932-07-11
Filing date: 1932-07-11
Publication date: 1934-09-11
Anticipated expiration: 1951-09-11

Description

H. u. BAKER 1,973,197

HYDRAULIC DRILLING DEVICE Sept. 11, 1934.

Filed July 11,l 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet l ff UU /04 /3 A/Oz /00 '6546 62 [Nl/5N Toe: Haro/d (/.akef7 Y 01d M Sept. l1, 1934. H. U BAKER 1,973,197

HYDRAULIC DRILLING DEVICE Filed July 1:1, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 mail@ f4 Trae/wy Patented Sept. 11, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE My invention relates to reciprocating mechanism and relates especially to a device for drilling wells by what is known as the standard or cable system, in which the well is dug by reciproeating a tool. This system of drilling is extensively used for shallow wells such as water wells and is also employed in the drilling of other wells.

Since I find my invention especially adapted. to the drilling of shallow wells, it may be disclosed in its simple form as comprising a portable drilling rig especially suited for drilling water wells. Such portable well drilling rigs include a wheeled vehicle and a boom or derrick member adapted to be supported on the vehicle in a reclining position during the transportation of the vehicle, and having supports or braces for holding the derrick member in upright position on the drilling location. The upper end of the derrick member carries sheave or pulley means over which a cable may be run, and the portable drilling device is ordinarily equipped with a walking beam for reciprocating the cable tools in the hole. My present invention simplifles the portable drilling device so as to reduce the cost and weight thereof, and also provides a simple mechanism for reciprocating the cable tools in a very eicient manner, this reciprocating mechanism being under a wider range of control than is found where a Walking beam is employed to reciprocate the tools.

In my simple form of portable drilling rig I provide a boom or derrick member of tubular form, for which a length of pipe may be cmployed, thereby avoiding the expense of fabricating the ordinary type of derrick member. At the upper end of the pipe a cylinder is formed which receives a piston adapted to carry a sheave member over which the drilling cable is carried. A feature of the invention is that the reciprocation of the drilling cable is accomplished by hydraulically reciprocating the sheave member in vertical direction, this being accomment of the drilling cable and an exceptional ease of control of the drilling movement and the feeding of the drilling cable as penetration of the drilling tools progresses.

A further featureof the invention is that I provide means for cushioning and controlling the reciprocatory movement of the body of fluid employed in the hydraulic actuation of the device, thereby making it possible for the driller to easily obtain a drilling movement most' eicient for the conditions under which he :is operating.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will be made evident throughout the following part of the specification.

Referring to the drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only,

Fig. 1 is an elevational view of a preferred form of the invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged, partly sectioned side view taken from the position indicated by the vline 2 2 0f Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view taken from the position of the arrow 3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary cross sectional view on a plane represented by the line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary cross section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3.

As shown in the drawings, my invention includes a base 11 preferably in the form of a

vehicle having wheels

12 and 13 whereby it may be transported. This movable base 11 is provided With upstanding posts 14 at its forward end which are suitably reinforced by brackets 15. Swingably secured to the base 11 is a derrick member or boom consisting of a. pipe 16 having a cross arm .l'lfnear the lower end thereof, the ends of which cross arm are received in bearing boxes 18 situated near the upper ends of the Aposts 14. Near the rearward end of the support 1l. are posts 20 carrying a cross member 21 on lli which the pipe 16 may rest when it is in reclining position employed during transportation of the drilling device. At the lower extremity of the pipe 16 an eye 23 is placed to which a block and tackle may be attached for the purpose of swinging the pipe 16 from its horizontal position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1 to the upright position shown in full lines. When the pipe 16 is in upright position, it slopes forwardly so that the upper end thereof is in a vertical plane slightly outside the end of the base 11, land the pipe 16 is supported in this raised position by means of cables 24 which extend diagonally in the manner shown in Fig. 1 from the upper end of the pipe 16 to the leftward or rearward end of the base 11. These cables 24 replace the comparatively expensive supporting braces now employed in portable drilling rigs to support the boom or derrick member, and are much lighter than such previously used members. When the pipe 16 is swung into upright position, the lower extremity 25 thereof engages a wedge 26 mounted on a cross member 27 at the forward end of the base 11, as shown in Fig. 5. A bolt 28 which passes through the wedge and a. plate 30 is employed to move the wedge 26 rightwardly or outwardly so as to bear forcibly against the lower extremity 25 of the pipe 16. Before the drilling operation is started, the forward end of the base 1l is blocked up by use of blocking members 31, as shownin Fig. 1.

As best shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the upper end of the pipe 16 is provided with a cylinder 32 adapted to receive a piston 33. The cylinder 32 may be formed by inserting a metal liner in the upper end of the pine 16 or by boring out the end of the pipe to give a smooth cylindrical surface in which the piston 33 may reciprocate. This piston 33 may be provided at its lower end with suitable sealing members such as piston rings 34, or the sealing of the piston may be accomplished solely by a stuillng box 35. The upper projecting portion 36 of the piston 33 may be provided with forks 37 carrying bearings 38 at their upper ends to receive the shaft 40 of a sheave" member 41, the upper portion of which sheave member 41 is protected by a guard 42 for preventing a cable member 43 from leaving the groove 44 of the sheave member.

The lower end of the pipe 16 is closed, and connecting thereinto is a nipple 45 to which a conduit member 46 may be attached by a coupling means 47 when the pipe 16 is in upright position. 'I'he conduit or pipe 46 is connected to the lower` end of a cylinder 48, preferably supported in vertical position by lateral members 50 forming part of the base 11. A piston 51 is adapted to be recprocated in the cylinder 48 by means of a connecting rod 52, the upper end of which connects to a crank pin 53 carried by a crank member 54 which may have several holes, such as indicated at 55, to receive the crank pin 53 at diiferent radial distances from the axis of a shaft 56 which carries the crank member 54. Mounted on one side of the base 11 are containers or chambers 57 and 58, the lower ends of which connect with the conduit 46 through

pipes

60 and 61 having

individual control valves

62 and 63 therein.

Power means for the operation of the drilling device may be in the form of a gasoline engine 65 which may be conveniently mounted at the rearward end of the base 11 and may drive a jack shaft V66 through suitable means auch as a chain 67. As best shown in Fig. 4, the shaft 56 is provided with a gear 68 adapted to be driven by a pinion 70 mounted on a shaft 71 which carries a sprocket 72 adapted to be driven from a sprocket 73 on the shaft 66 by means of a chain 74. A standard form of clutch such as diagrammatically indicated at75 is provided for drivably connecting the sprocket 72 to the shaft 71 whereby to drive the shaft 56 and consequently reciprocate the piston 51. The base 11 carries a drum 76 for winding the inner end of the cable member 43, this drum being wound on a shaft 77 and having a brake band 78 for controlling the rotation thereof. On one end of the shaft 77 a gear 80 is mounted adapted to be driven by a pinion 81 mounted on a shaft 82 which carries a sprocket 83 and a clutch 84. 'I'he sprocket 83 is connected through a chain 85 with a sprocket 86 mounted on the shaft 66. In the practice ol' my invention it is also desirable to provide a sand reel 87 for winding a sand line 88, this sand reel being provided with a brake band 90 and being mounted on a shaft 91 adapted to be driven through a sprocket 92 and a clutch 93, the sprocket 92 being connected with a sprocket 94 on the jack shaft 66 through a chain 95. Sand line sheaves 96 may be mounted at the upper end of the pipe 16 by use of a bracket 97 in the manner shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The operation of the invention is essentially as follows: 0n arriving at the drilling location, the rig is set up and the various parts thereof connected as shown in Fig. 1. With the

valves

62 and 63 open and by use of an inlet member 100 having avalve 102 therein, the interior space formed by the pipe 16, the conduit 46, and

lil)

the cylinder 48 is illled with a huid, preferably water. Reciprocation of the piston 51 by use of the power driven mechanism previously described causes the water to be reciprocated through the pipe 46 and within the pipe 16, this reciprocation being transmitted to the piston 33 which reciprocates substantially vertically, and likewise produces a reciprocation of the outer portion 103 of the cable member 43 having tools at its lower end within a well 104 in the process of drilling. 'Ihe reciprocation of the cable portion 103 is through a distance equal to twice the vertical movement of the piston 33. 'I'he drilling motion of the tools accomplished by use of the apparatus disclosed is of a very resilient character, for it is found that in the use of the device the piston 33 and the sheave 41 tend to move downwardly faster than the loop of the cable drops so that during the downward movement of the sheave 41 the inner side 107 of the cable member 43 is not stretched taut. When the piston reaches the lower end of its downward movement, the cable loop extending over the sheave catches up with the downward movement of the sheave and brings the downward movement of the cable to an abrupt stop so that a tension is placed in the cable as the drilling tools move into engagement with the bottom of the hole being drilled.

During the drilling action the

valves

62 and 63 communicating with the cushioned chambers 57 and 58 may be closed, or, as conditions may require, one or more of these valves may be opened to a desired extent, thus permitting water from the conduit 46 to reciprocate back and forth against bodies of air or gas in the upper portions of the chamber 57 and 58. I'he chambers 57 and 58 accordingly may be employed to cushion the reciprocation of the actuating iluid in the pipe 16 and also to reduce the length o! the stroke of the piston 33. The stroke ot the piston 33 may be also varied by changing the length of stroke of the piston 51 by moving the crank pin 53 to another hole 55 in the crank member 54. f

Although I have herein shown and described my invention in simple and practical form, it is recognized that certain parts or elements thereof are representative oi.' other parts, elements, or mechanisms which may be used in substantially the same manner to accomplish substantially the same results; therefore, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the details disclosed herein but is to be accorded the full scope of the following claims.

I claim as my invention:

l. A device of the character described, including: a base structure; a pipe secured to said base structure in upright position; cylinderpiston means at the upper end of said pipe and connected to said pipe; a sheave member connected to said cylinder-piston means'so as to be vertically reciprocated thereby; a cable member extending over said sheave member; means for reciprocating a body of fluid illling said pipe whereby to reciprocate said cylinder-piston means and consequently said sheave member and said cable member; and cushion means connected with said pipe for cushioning the reciprocating movement of said fluid.

2. A device of the character described, including: a base structure; a pipe secured to said base structure in upright position; cylinder-piston means at the upper end of said pipe and connected to said pipe; a sheave member connected to said cylinder-piston means so as to be vertically reciprocated thereby; a cable member extending over said sheave member; and means for reciprocating a body oi' iluid iilling said pipe whereby to reciprocate said cylinder-piston means and consequently said sheave member and said cable member.

3. A device of the character described, including: a base structure; a pipe secured to said base structure in upright position; cylinderpiston means at the upper end of said pipe and connected to said pipe; a sheave member connected to said cylinder-piston means so as to be vertically reciprocated thereby; a cable member extending over said sheave member; means for reciprocating a body of iiuid filling said pipe whereby to reciprocate said cylinder-piston means and consequently said sheave member and said cable member; and cushion means connected with said pipe for cushioning the reciprocating movement of said iiuid, said cushion means comprising a substantially closed chamber having a iluid inlet in the lower part thereof and being adapted to contain a body of gas in the upper part thereof.

4. A device of the character described, including: a base structure; a pipe secured to said base structure in upright position; cylinder-piston means at the upper end of said pipe and connected to said pipe; a sheave member connected to said cylinder-piston means so as to be vertically reciprocated thereby; a cable member extending over said sheave member; means for reciprocating a body of iiuid iilling said pipe whereby to reciprocate said cylinder-piston means and consequently said sheave member and said cable member; and cushion means connected with said pipe for cushioning the reciprocating movement of said duid, said cushion meansk comprising a plurality of closed chambers connected at their lower ends to said pipe, there being control valves disposed between said chambers and said pipe for selectively controlling the ilow of fluid between said pipe and said chambers.

5. A device of the character described, including: a base structure having a support thereon; cylinder-piston means carried by said support; a sheave member connected to said cylinder-piston means so as to be reciprocated by the expansion and contraction of said cylinder-piston means; a cable member extended over said sheave member, one end of said cable member being held stationary and the other end of said cable member reciprocating in response to the reciprocation of said sheave nember; a cylinder; conduit means connecting said cylinder to said cylinder-piston means; a piston in said cylinder; means for reciprocating said piston whereby to intermittently charge and discharge said cylinder-piston means with a fluid in timed relation to the movement of said piston to produce reciprocation of said sheave member; and cushion means connected to said cylinder-piston means and being adjustable during the operation of the device, for cushioning the movement of said uid.

6. A device of the character described, including: a portable base structure; a pipe secured to said base structure pivotally so that it may be swung from horizontal position to upright position; cylinder-piston means at the upper end of said pipe and connected to said pipe; a sheave member connected to said cylinder-piston means so as to be vertically reciprocated thereby; a cable member extending over said sheave member; an expansile-contractile chamber member connected to the -lower end of said pipe, there being a body of liquid filling said pipe, said cylinder-piston means, and said expansile-contractile chamber member; and means for actuating said expansile-contractile chamber member whereby to reciprocate said cylinder-piston means and consequently said sheave member and said cable member.

7. A device of the character described, including: a portable base structure; a pipe secured to said base structure pivotally so that it may be swung from horizontal position to upright position; cylinder-piston means at the upper end of said pipe and connected to said pipe; a sheave member connected to said cylinder-piston means so as to be vertically reciprocated thereby; a cable member extending over said sheave member; an expansile-contractile chamber member mounted on said base structure; pipe means for connecting said expansile-contractile chamber member to the lower end of said pipe when it is in upright position, there being a body of liquid filling said pipe, said cylinder-piston means, and said expansile-contractile chamber member; and means for actuating said expansile-contractile chamber member whereby to reciprocate said cylinder-piston means and consequently said sheave membe and said cable member.

8. A device of the character described, including: a portable base structure; a pipe secured to said base structure in upright position, there being a cylinder formed within the upper end of said pipe; a piston operative in said cylinder; a sheave member connected to the upper end of said piston so as .to be vertically reciprocated thereby when said pipe is in upright po sition; a cable member extending over said sheave member; and means for reciprocating a body of uid lling said pipe whereby to' recip- 5 rocate said piston and consequently said sheave member and said cable member.

9. A device of the character described, including: a portable base structure; a pipe secured to said base structure pivotally so that it may l be swung from horizontal position to upright position, there being a cylinder formed ywithin the upper end of said pipe; a piston operative in said cylinder; a sheave member connected to the upper end oi' said piston so as to be vertically l reciprocated thereby when said pipe is in upright position; a cable member extending over said sheave member; an expansile-contractile chamber member connected to the lower end oi said pipe, there being a body of liquid filling said pipe, said piston, and. said expansile-contractile chamber member; and means for actuating said expansile-contractile chamber member whereby to reciprocate said piston and consequently said sheave member and said cable member.

1o. A device of the character described, including; a portable base structure; a pipe secured to said base structure pivotally so that it may be swung from horizontal position to upright position. there being a cylinder formed within the upper end of said pipe; a piston operative in said cylinder; a sheave member connected to the upper end of said piston so as to HAROLD U. BAKER.