US1969229A - Apparatus for forming concrete structures - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 7,A 1934. w. R. MARSDEN APPARATUS FOR FORMING CONCRETE STRUCTURES Filed Sept. 6, 1932 I @l/f2 INVENToR- W/L/M /VSEM BY MA ATTORNEY- L! Hf ve- Aug. 7, 1934. w. R. MARsDEN APPARATUS FOR FORMING 'CONCRETE STRUCTURES Filed sept. 6, 1952 2 sheets-sheet 2 [Il EI-.l

'III

III:

ATTORNEY- Patented Aug. 7, 1934 lnas.

UNITED STA PAT .ArPARATUs Fon rom/UNG CONCRETE.

' 3y Claims.

VThis invention relates to new and useful improvements in concrete piles and the like, and the method and means of constructing them.

e Generally stated, there are at present two forms f of cast in place concrete piles in use, namely, the cased and the uncased. In the driven cased type, a mandrel surrounded by a light steely shell is driven into the ground. When the required depth is reached the mandrel is removed, concrete is poured into the shell, and the shell is left permanently in the ground.l In the uncased type of pile, after the concrete isypoured into the driving shell, and before it is permitted to set,

It is the object of my invention so to construct a concrete pile that the objection to`such pile structures as to cost and quality are eliminated and that full protection be afforded to the Apile in the weak and wet strata, and that in strata A which are rm, the concrete be allowed to flow against the compacted earth walls so as to afford a high frictional value and reduce cost through the elimination of unnecessary permanent forms Y vin such strata. e j l In accordance with my invention, concrete piles are constructed by employinga driving shell and mandrel of -the usual type, with the exception that my mandrel is tapered at the lower section and enclosed by a tapered steel boot which remains in the ground. The purpose of the tapered boot or lower section is to increase the driving speed, to force aside obstructions instead of driving them down, and to allow penetration into the final solid strata of earth in a firm but gentle A manner. The tapered lower section also decreases the likelihood of damaging and causing drift to the adjacent completed piles, and it also tends to decrease heaving of the earth around adjacent Y piles. Grooves are pressed into the surface of the tapered boot to permit ready removal of the mandrel.

In accordance with my invention the driving shell is surrounded by a shell sleeve which permits Withdrawal of the driving shell when only a portion of the concrete has been poured. As soon as the concrete has partially set, the shell sleeves may be withdrawn and used in the driving of other piles. The shell sleeve insures against the deformation of the pile commonly caused by heavy earth pressures and in the driving of contiguous piles. It allows speedier driving, as the driving shell can be removed immediately after the initial batch or concrete has been deposited in the shell.

. It permits the use of free flowing concrete instead of a dry mix, thereby doing away with time con- A the steel shell is removed.v 'f

suming compression of the concrete important'inv common uncased pile construction. Furthermore, the shell sleeve permits the construction of ar finished pile top in the pouring process, veliminating the expense of dressing the tops by a Sledge hammer 'and chisel after the concrete hasfset.

The pile cut-off can be made at any required'.4

elevation, whether belowor above the ground, at very little added expense, and in many cases piles can be drivenfbefore thev excavation is made Where thepile cut-off isl many/feet 'below the ground; Whereas, at the presenttime,"foundation' pits and trenches must be dug allover the'site and the earth taken from them leveled-01T soas tol allow easy movement of th'epile driver.

The shell sleeve constructed in Vaccordance with my invention'is locked to" the driving shell at Vdesired points so asA to causeltheshell ysleeve to? penetrate the earth in unison'with .the driving shell when and as desired. A metallcollar with lugs on its inner surface is fastened around the driving shell just above the shell sleeve, the lugs. engaging recessesin the drivingshell: Lugs are ENT OFFICE -f provided on the "exterior surface/of the collar so A by the particular soil condition. The shell sleeve:

may consist ofasteel pipe segment with `a largev enoughndiameter for the driving shell to slide through it, and which are Vlocked in place ver-v tically. The shell sleeve maybe vof 'one unit length or of multiple units' with interlocking parts, The joining of adjacent sections is such'. that it: will keep them in true 'alignment or resistingv lateral earth pressures. f

In the driving operation theishell sleeveV may" be driven in unison with the driving shell or it' may be driven'in 'advance'of the driving `shell,` or after the drivingfshellhas been drivenfin',

place. f Y

Owing tothe provision of separate shelll sleeve segments, thesleeve may-be placed around 'the'.

driving shell after the lower edge of the driving shell has entered the earth. Furthermore, such segments may be placed around the driving shell and removed therefrom at will. Also in shipping and storing such segments may be nested, reducing thus the cost of handling.

The purpose of the shell sleeve is to protect the wet concrete until it has attained a certain amount of set and hardness, and to resist the danger of lill) In the drawings, Fig. 1 is aside elevation partly in cross-section of a pile driving assembly;

Fig. 2 is a Vertical cross-section of the assembly' with the mandrel removed and the concrete poured in place;

Fig. 3 is a horizontal Fig. 4 shows the completed concrete pile in place;

.'Fig. 5 is a perspective view of aY shell sleeve section; Y

Fig. 6 isa side elevation of the interlocking parts of two shell sleeve sections;

Fig. 7 is arr enlarged View of the top portion of A Fig. 2;

Fig. 8 is a horizontal cross-section along lines 8-48 of Fig. 2; I Fig. 9' is a vertical cross-section of one us of my invention, illustrating the screw jack for removing the shell sleeve;

Fig. 10 isran enlarged view of a vertical cross-r section of my improved pile driving assembly.

When it is desired to drive a concrete pile into the ground which, throughout a portion of the entire length of the pile, is such that the con-4 crete pile should not be exposed thereto before the concrete is fairly well set, then the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 to 8 is used. A cylindrical mandrel lhaving a tapered point 2 and a head 3, is surrounded by a driving shell 4. The tapered point ofthe mandrel is surrounded by a tapered boot shell 5 having a, heavy steel toe 6 and a flanged rim '7 within which the end of the driving shell 4 is seated. lAlso seated within the anged rim '1 and surrounding the driving shell 4 is a shell sleeve 8. The shell sleeve is in sections (in the present case three sections), joined f to one another by bayonet locks 9. Each shell sleeve section consists of two halves' A and Bv which are placed around the driving shell 4 and which are held together by means of tongues and grooves 10, tapered so as Ato prevent the halves from coming apart. Bale wires may be tied around Si together at 16. Lugs 17 projecting from thering 14 engage correspondingnotches in the driving cross-section along linesr shell 4. By means of hooks 18, the ring 14 is clamped to lugs 19 projecting from the flange 13.

When the whole assembly as above described is driven into the ground, the tapered boot shell 2 is subjected to great strain. In order to permit ready withdrawal of the tapered section 2 of the mandrel, the boot is protected by the heavy steel toe 6 and alsoby grooves 20 formed in the boot shell. Owing to the presence of these grooves the boot shell will be permitted suiiciently to spread so as not to bind the tapered end of the mandrelin place.

After the complete assembly is driven to the ldesired depth', the mandrel is withdrawn and con- Acrete21 is poured into the driving shell (Fig. 2).

The locking ring y14 is now removed, whereupon the driving shell may be immediately withdrawn lwithout waitingfor the setting of the concrete. The concrete 21 is now permitted to set and harden, whereupon the shell sleeve 8, the inner surface ofwhich is lubricated so as toi-prevent cohesion between the setting concrete and this shell sleeve, is slowly withdrawn from the earth section by section. Any suitable lifting arrangement thatwill insure this may be utilized. The

If the lower strata of the ground are rsuch that other protection of the concrete is necessary,v

then before pouring the concrete an inner corrugated shell 24 is dropped withinthe driving shell 4 with a cone-shaped tapered end 25 pro;`

jecting within the boot 5. Y The height of this permanent inner shell is determined by ysoil conditions.

VOwing to the provisions of the shell sleeve 8, the

upper end ofthe concrete` 21 canfbe nished oi' at any desired height below or above the. ground, as indicated in Fig. 3. l

The concrete piles may have a circular cross.

section or cross-sections inother shapes.

What is claimed is: I

1. A formv for concrete structures to be cast in place comprising pairsof metallic sections, one pair being superimposed on another, means for attaching one section to its pair against longi-k tudinal movement with respect thereto, and locking means between superimposed sections.

2. In the casting in place of concrete piles, a

` driving shell, a corrugated tapered boot having an enlarged rim in which said driving shell is seated, a shell sleeve surrounding said driving shell and composed of sections also seated'in said rim,` each section consisting of two segments and having means of interlocking with an adjacent section, and means for lifting said shell sleeve.

3.'In the casting in'place of concrete piles, a driving shell, a shell sleeve surrounding said driving shell and composed of sections eachrsection consisting of two segments and having means lof interlocking with adjacent section, and means for,

withdrawing said shell sleeve independent of said driving shell.

l WILLIAM R. MARSDEN.

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