US196897A - Peters - Google Patents

Description

H. P. HAYDEN. Device for Feeding Air to Boiler-Furnaces.

Patented Nov 6,1877.

N4 PETERS. PHOTO-LIYMOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON, D C.

HENRY HAYDEN, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF dOLUMBIA.

;1|MPR.0V.,EM:E.NI m DEVICES ms FEEDING A15 to BOILER-FURNACES- Specification forming part of Letters. Patent No. AQQSQZ, dated November 6, 1877 application ;fi;l ed

- s Meridi n To all whom it may concern: I a I 1 B it l w that I, HENEY HAYDEN, \Of the ci y an o n y f Wa h g on, District of C lumb a, have hlvent d ce tain new and u e hnp emeh s i De i es for Feeding 1 Ai to 9 -Fu na s, f w ch the f llowing is a full, clear, and exact descriptiomrefel enee 3 being had to the accompany n drawing, milk- 1 extend ng downward by the sides of .the dooring part of this specification, which Figure 1 represents a vertical longit dinal,

section through the fire-box and the portion of a locomotive-boiler surrounding said box,

Fig. 2 is a ransverse vertical section through the same, lookshowing my improvements,

ing toward the fire-door, and showing a front view of the air-distributer.

Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the same,

Similar letters of reference denoteeorrespending parts wherever used,

other furnaces for promoting combustion, as hereinafter explained.

In the accompanying drawing,iA represents the boiler, with its water-legs A surrounding the fire-pot B, said parts being of any usual or preferred form and arrangement adapting the frame or casing 'ismade with the double walls forming anintermediate air-duchdescribed in former patents to me, This airduct may extend either wholly around the door-frame or only partially, as shown in the drawing, in the presentinstan e, at D, a he upper part or side of said frame. The flame G extends outward from the flange 0, through which it is secured to the front wall orwaterleg of the furnace,-.and has the outer end of e duct D p o e wi h a up ght chamber, E, the side walls of which are perforated at e to receive supply-pipes or bell-mouths, with suitable valves for controlling the supply of air; and the upper end of chamber E is provided with a lid or valve, 0', which may be opened or either partially or entirely closed, r inc e s ng or regul t ng h supply of ai as may be desired. r

I his 3 rep e n s the fire-brick arch or partition in section, and

My invention relates to a novel arrangement 1 of means o upp y h" t l eh ive and Y 'llhe duct D projects inward beyond the ;front wall of the fire-pot in the form of a sleeve, adapting it to receive a similar sleeve, i f, formed on the adjacent rear faceof an airdistributing chamber, F. This chamber extends across the front of the fire-pot, slightly removed from the front wall thereof, and is provided with pendent arms or wings F F,

opening, and between said door and the side Walls of the fire-pot, and, by preference, the ,entire chamb r is ma tap r ng n form f om:

t p t b tt m, in su h m n r t a hi e h rear wall adjacent to thefront wall of the firepot is made about vertical, or n arly parallel With said front wall, the forward wall of the chamber i made inclined or converging .to- Ward said fl' l h' J1 of th I fire-pot, m the t p d wnw rd he f ra d face of the hamer 1?, ov hang ng h fi has ume ous mi -v nute perforations formed in it, increasing in ue y a si e a hey approach the nd of the chamber and the bottoms 0f the wings rms I, for the purpose f q lizing, as nearly practicable, the distribution of air v r he n ire f ont fa e of e cha er, and also for protecting the distributor, through the a tion of the air, rom th cessive heat of the fire. 4

If preferred, the, portion of the front wall of the chamber directly in front of the supplyduct may be left without perforations, ior the purpose of more thorhughly leflecting'the air toward the sides or ends. The lower ends or a e f th penden a ms 1* n the wal s adjacent to the door-opening are also provided wit p f rati ns, n if desire he o er wall F of chamberF, intermediate between the pendent arms F may also be perforated, if required, for protecting it from the fire, and for causing a more-thorough distribution of the air.

By the arrangement of the perforations as described the air isprevented from escaping n the fir -pot unt l i as had time to hecome thoroughly heated, and is thus prepared to mingle instantly with the rising gases and inders, an thu prom te their mbustion, and at the same time all the distributingforations are brought into op r t on to their full capacity, care being taken that the sum of the areas of the perforations shall not exceed the area or capacity of the supply-duct.

The wall F is made to project below sleeve f, forming a shoulder at f, which serves to deflect the air received through the open doorway, or through the perforated door itself, downward upon the surface of the fire. The upper outer side and rear walls of the chamber F, by preference, are not perforated, this arrangement serving to protect said chamber from, and prevent its being clogged by, cinders, &c., while the arrangement of the perforated surfaces, as described, tends to distribute the air evenly over the surface of the fire and to force it downward thereon, causing it to mingle with the rising products of combustion.

For more thoroughly efl'ecting this lastnamed action, a deflecting bridge or partition, H, of peculiar construction is employed.

The bridge, which is, by preference, made from fire-clay, in the usual manner, is made to extend from the tube-sheet, starting at a point below the nest of tubes, forward and upward to the crown-sheet, forming a partition in the fire-box, inclining forward over the fire, as shown in Fig. 1, and supported upon water-lugs, or other suitable projections z, from the side walls of the fire-pot. The arch is, by preference, made in form (shown in Fig. 3) arching from the sides toward the tube and crown sheets, and is divided from top to bottom into two equal parts, h h, provided with tongue and groove or other suitable form of jointfor holding them together when in place. The bridge thus formed is provided either with a large central perforation, H, about equal in capacity to the capacity of all of the tubes, and arranged in front of the nest of tubes so as to about center therewith, as shown; or, instead of this central perforation, the partition may be cut away at the sides, top, and bottom, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 4, thus allowing the products of combustion to pass around the partition, and, as it mingles with the atmospheric air, to impinge upon the walls of the fire-pot, and thus to increase the steaming capacity of the boiler.

By this construction and arrangement the escape of the products of combustion, as they rise, is somewhat retarded, and they are all drawn to certain foci or points of escape, where the air admitted through the distributer F F is compelled to thoroughly mingle with and complete the combustion of the escaping cinders and gases, thereby greatly diminishing the annoyance consequent upon the escape of smoke and cinders from furnaces as ordinarily constructed. This partition serves the further purpose, by its position and the intense heat to which it is subjected,

of bringing the mingled air and products of combustion up to the point of ignition. It

also tends to equalize the draft through thetubes, and to prevent the lower tubes from being filled up and obstructed with cinder.

Additional smaller perforations h may be made in the arch, with either the central perforation, or, where the sides and top and bottom are cut away, between the portions resting on the water-lugs or projections i, and where the central perforation is employed the sides, .top, and bottom may be cut away slightly for permitting a limited circulation of the products of combustion at the sides of and around the arch or deflector, the opening between the bottom and the tube-sheet being made in all cases large enough to allow any cinder such as may get behind the deflector to fall down and out again upon the fire or grate bars.

In locomotive-boilers, where the draft created is very intense, and where, as ordinarily constructed, large quantities of cinders are drawn 01f and permitted to escape unconsumed, the

arch or partition cut away at the sides, top,

as explained, but as compelling the products of combustion, on their passage from the firepot to the tubes, to pursue a zigzag or angular course, in which eddies are formed, causing not only a thorough mingling of the air with the gases, cinders, &c., but also tending to catch the heavier particles of unconsumed cinders and returning them again to the fire, as described. p

The door G is provided with the ;open annular depression, having the perforated inner and side walls described in a former application, and it need not, therefore, be more particularly described here. Parts of the fiu'nace and boiler not particularly described may be constructed and arranged in any usual or preferrcd manner.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that air is admitted through the chamber E, duct D, and distributer F F, across the entire front end of the fire-pot, and that, through the action of the arch or partition H, as explained,the air is caused to be thoroughly mingled with the rising products of combustion, insuring, as far as practicable, their thorough combustion before they reach the tube-sheet, the space between the partition and tube-sheet forming a combustion-chamber of sufiicient extent or depth for accomplishing this after the thorough mingling of the air with the products of combustion has been effected.

The duct D may, of course, be made separate from the door-frame; but the construction dc scribed is preferred, as giving compactness and permanency to the arrangement, and as adapting the distributing stand-pipe or chamber F to be readily removed and renewed when necessary.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new, and desire to secure by etters Patent, is

1. The combination, with the air-duct D, of jected within the fire-pot, and provided with the perforated distributing pipe or chamber numerous minute perforations, increasing in projected within the fire-pot, and having the size and frequency, either or both, as they appendent perforated wings or arms, substanproach the sides or ends of said pipe or chamtially as and for the purpose described. her, as described.

2. The combination, with the air-duct D In testimony whereof I have hereunto set and distributing pipe or chamber F, of the upmy hand this 19th day of May, A. D. 1877.

right air box or chamber E, with its. inlet- 11. F. HAYDEN. openings and adjustable cover or Valve, sub- Witnesses: stantially as described. JOHN G. GENTER,

3. The distributing pipe or chamber F, pro- ALEXANDER MAHON.

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