US1967255A - Lubricant and process of making same - Google Patents
Lubricant and process of making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1967255A US1967255A US299883A US29988328A US1967255A US 1967255 A US1967255 A US 1967255A US 299883 A US299883 A US 299883A US 29988328 A US29988328 A US 29988328A US 1967255 A US1967255 A US 1967255A
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- Prior art keywords
- viscosity
- oil
- oils
- lubricant
- seconds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
- C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/02—Natural products
- C10M159/08—Fatty oils
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/043—Sulfur; Selenenium; Tellurium
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/08—Aldehydes; Ketones
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- C10M2207/128—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
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- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
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- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/135—Steam engines or turbines
Definitions
- This invention relates to lubricants and to methods of making the same.
- Petroleum oil and oils of related nature such as those obtained from shale and coal by distillation are the main supply of lubricants the world over. These oils vary a good deal among themselves but in general as the viscosity of the oil increases, the oiliness also increases. Consequently it has become the practice to specify the lubricant in 453 terms of its viscosity thereby more or less loosely fixing the oiliness property desired. But in using these mineral and related oils by themselves, it is necessary to use oils of relatively high viscosity, in order to obtain the required degree of oiliness.
- One of the objects of the present invention is the use of lubricants of the lowest possible vis- 110 But in any event, in accordance with the present invention, the oil of lowest lower the viscosity, lubrication.
- mineral oils also oxidize to a the vegetable and animal oils.
- the most desirable form of the lubricant will be a compounded oil that possesses low viscosit high adhesiveness
- the present invention is therefore broadly concerned with the use of lubricating oil stock whethmaterial tion 'of the
- the low viscosity stock may be used ior lubri-' cation by itself in those cases where it is pumped about a hearing,
- a desirable stock may be made as by distilling off about I5 percent of the lighter from kerosene oil and using the remainder in the still-as stoc for the preparafinished lubricant.
- a product of requisite flrepoint and cold test with much lower viscosity than- 7 available today, and these products may in general be said to have a viscosity of less than 150 seconds atl00 F.
- Similar products as to viscosity may be prepared from any of the other distillates of like boiling point, petroleum, coal tar or shale oil.
- the viscosity of a hydrocarbon stock should not be so lowthat flash point of below about 225 these factors are variable depending on the use to which thelubricant is-to be put.
- Such products as those 'indica d above are particularly desirably used in connection with and in the case of the product I11 above, in view of the further fact those commercially that this material a substantially uniform viscosity over the usual workinz scale, it is all the more desirable.
- the proposed low viscosity material discussed above emphasizes the use in accordance with the present invention of material. Take for example meme five oils of the Thompson tabulation. These oils if used in'the prior art are limited for lubrication purposes to use on textile spindles where the loadis almost zero and the speed is rather high. 'They have not been used in lubricating heavy mathe lowest possible viscosity chinery However when compounded in acfrom prior art and particularly the higher fatty acids may be used. Further, the higher the fatt acid, the better its effect. Also, the presence of the hydroxyl group in the molecule with the carboxyl group yields a better lubricant. As an example, attention may be called castor oil.
- polar bodies are not limited to the fatty acids, and non-fatty acid polar bodies or compounds or materials may be used.
- the higher alcohols and ketones are advantageous and work almost as well as the fatty acids; sulphides and some of the metallic salts are also eflicient though in general due to the ready availability of the fatty acids and their cheapness, they are more generally used.
- theme of fatty acids may be objectionable due to the eiifect on the metal of the hearing or journal. Accordingly the 'erations in mind.
- the higher alcohols and ketones may be readily obtained from the oxidation products obtained 'during the air blowing of petroleum and related materials particularly under pressure and at elevated temperatures, or from the residues remaining in' the still during such air blowing processes.
- the sulphides may be prepared by direct treatment of petroleum oil with sulphur, the products being somewhat complex, but the polar bodies appear and their effect is available.
- the mushfllayers may be obtainable with various substances. The best effect is obtained with a material that is soluble in the polar body and quite, or totally insoluble in the petroleum oil, so that when a portion of the fatty acid or other polar body adheres to the metal surface to form the primary layer, a very considerable quantity of the mush substance will be withdrawn and a thicker and more coherent mush layer will be brought up. Saponiflable oils or fats that contain some fatty acid to act as the polar body serve in this connection.
- the polar fatty acid will be withdrawn and will act to take up but a comparatively small quantity of the mush ingredient, namely the neutral glycerides or fats, and a comparatively thin and soft coating results.
- the presence of comparatively large quantities of substances more attracted to the polar body will assist in building up a better mush layer.
- a good example is castor oil dissolved in oleic acid, the castor oil being substantially insoluble in petroleum oil stock used. Two parts of castor oil to one part of oleic acid may be used.
- the oleic acid acting as the polar body carries down with it large quantities of the castor .oil and the mush layer consists largely of oleic acid and castor oil.
- This artificial or synthetic composition builds up a better layer than does an ordinary animal oil consisting of a mixture of some free chemical attraction orresidual chemical forces,
- Soaps which form an emulsion with the petroleum stock or which are soluble in the petroleum stock can also be used.
- soaps with petroleum stock particularly the soda and lime soaps that are present as colloids.
- the soaps that go into solution include lead oleate, copper oleate, and the oleates of the heavy metals generally, the alkalies and alkaline earth acid is preferable tolard oil, and castor oil when in solution as illustrated above is superior to either lard oil or tallow oil.
- the body added to improve the ,mushiness characteristic may at'the same time possess a polar property so that in this way two purpose, the following is given.
- beta-betadinaphthylamine one part of beta-betadinaphthylamine is added to the oil; while if the oil is to be used at norgood results in practice.
- the amount of the anti-oxidant is varied according to the time at which the lubricant is to be used and the conditions as to oxidation.
- a lubricating oil for heavy machinery containing a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity considerably lower than that normally used for such purposes and within the range of 35 seconds to 65 seconds (Saybolt) at 100 F., and from 2 to 10% of an organic component increasing the oiliness and adhesiveness of i the composition without substantial increase oiwiscosity.
- a lubricating oil for heavy machinery consisting of a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity considerably lower than such purposes and within the range of 35 seconds to 65 seconds (Saybolt) at 100 F., and from 2 to 10% of a substance having high adhesive properties containing a large proportion 01' saponiflable material which does not substantially increase the viscosity of the composition.
- a lubricating oil for heavy machinery containing a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity considerably lower than that normally used for such purposes and within the range of-35 seconds to 135. seconds (Saybolt) at 100 F., and from 2 to 10% of an organic component increasing the oiliness and adhesiveness of the composition without substantial increase of viscosity.
- a lubricating oil for heavy machinery containing a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity considerably lower than that normally used for such purposes and. within the range of 35 seconds to 135 seconds (Saybolt) at 100 F., and from 2 to 10% of an organic component containing a saponiflable glyceride oil and higher fatty acids increasing the oiliness and adhesiveness or the composition, without substantial increase of viscosity.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Patented July 24, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE William B. D. Penniman, Baltimore, Md.
No Drawing. Application August 15, 1928, Serial No. 299,883
6 Claims. (01. 81-9) This invention relates to lubricants and to methods of making the same.
The lubrication of bearings, gears, cylinders, and other parts of machines is dependent in a broad and general sense upon the mechanical construction and speed and load on the bearing surfaces to be lubricated, on the supply of lubricant, and on the kind and properties of the lubricant. In prior applications Serial Number 10 209,256 filed July 9, 1927 and Serial Number 256,308 filed February 3, 1928, of which applications, the present one is a continuation in part, certain principles of lubrication and lubricants have been set forth, and mechanisms, processes and lubricants disclosed for securing novel results in the lubrication of machines, particularly for street railway cars which illustrate the application of these discoveries and inventions. These inventions and discoveries are of broad application" and extend to any case where one solid material is caused to pass over another, and where it is desirable to reduce friction to a minimum. The conditions under which these two surfaces pass over one another vary from the high speed and high temperatures of the pistons of an internal combustion engine to the swivel plates of a railroad turn table. As indicated in the prior applications, the lubrication of a bearing, to take a typical case, is dependent upon first, the supply of lubricant; second, the viscosity of the lubricant; and third, the oiliness of the lubricant. The present invention is more directly concerned with the nature and properties of the lubricant and the methods of obtaining desired lubricants having the most desirable properties as to viscosity and oiliness and other features as will more fully appear below.
Petroleum oil and oils of related nature such as those obtained from shale and coal by distillation are the main supply of lubricants the world over. These oils vary a good deal among themselves but in general as the viscosity of the oil increases, the oiliness also increases. Consequently it has become the practice to specify the lubricant in 453 terms of its viscosity thereby more or less loosely fixing the oiliness property desired. But in using these mineral and related oils by themselves, it is necessary to use oils of relatively high viscosity, in order to obtain the required degree of oiliness.
The use of heavy or viscous lubricating oils is well illustrated in the specifications set out in Technical Paper No. 323A issued by the Bureau of Mines and entitled United States Government specification for lubricants and liquid fuels and methods of testing. On page 28 of this paper, the names and grades of the various lubricants are given. In this paper, the lightest grade of oil suggested for lubrication is called Class A extra light, having viscosity of 135 seconds at 100 F. On page 9 of this paper the whole Class A embracing oils with viscosities of from 135 to 360 seconds is given as used for very light machinery. The use of an oil of viscosity below 135 seconds at 100 F. is not contemplated.
This reference to the paper of the Bureau of Mines is sufiicient to show what the attitude of the entire industry is and the use of relatively heavy lubricants is universally followed. Oils with a viscosity below 135 seconds at 100 F. are known as the so-called spindle oils, but these relatively light oils do not enter into the ordinary lubrication program.
It is customary, for example, in oils for use in the lubrication of automobile engines, where the speed and load are high, to mix with the lighter oil, large percentages of cylinder stock or other very heavy oils in order to obtain the desired adhesiveness; so much is this the custom that petroleum lubricating oils are generally sold on the basis of their viscosity only, it being well known that the adhesiveness is in this way secured to a greater or lesser extent.
\ This prior art practice is further illustrated by the practice in connection with lubrication 0589 street railway journals or axles, where oils of the viscosity of from 250 to 600 Saybolt have been used prior to the present invention. Further in this as in analogous cases where the operating temperatures of the hearing or related mechanism might be about 100 F. or even higher, the viscosity of the lubricant was chosen with this temperature in mind. The variation in viscosity with change in temperature over the usual operating range was quite marked in these prior art lubricants so that when the lubricant operated at the higher temperatures, it had to be that more viscous at the lower temperatures. In fact in many instances, these lubricants in order togive the requisite viscosity at the higher temperatures were actually solid at temperatures such as those frequently reached in this climate during the winter season.
But the choice of heavy or viscous materials in order to secure adequate adhesiveness, results in a tremendous loss of power .due to the internal friction of the lubricant, and these losses in power were either not recognized or not appreciated in the prior art.
One of the objects of the present invention is the use of lubricants of the lowest possible vis- 110 But in any event, in accordance with the present invention, the oil of lowest lower the viscosity, lubrication.
But while the viscosity should be as low as possible, the adhesive properties should be as high surfaces of the service.
It has been known for some years that the property of oiliness of the ordinary petroleum oil is improved by the addition of saponifiable oil or fatty acids of saponifiable oil.
' The principle on w ch an oily or greasy agent is added to the petroleum or other stock is based upon the fact that bearing surfaces by their surface energy preferentially attract from the lubricant to themselves certain portions of the lubricant, and it has been shown that the first layer of molecules so attracted may be held to the hearing surfaces with great tenacity. This initial layer upon the surfaces is almost infinitely thin, and though useful, is not sufliciently thick to proother surfaces when as a general rule.
These adsorbed substances may be termed "polar bodies since there is vention are accordingly the use of low viscosity lubricating oils with A further object of this invention therefore is the production of lubricants, particularly of low viscosity, that have the property of building up these mush" layers and thus eifectiveness of the initial or primary adherent layer.
as mineral oils also oxidize to a the vegetable and animal oils.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will appear from the more detailed description set forth below, it being understood however that invention as herein disclosed.
And as set forth above, the most desirable form of the lubricant will be a compounded oil that possesses low viscosit high adhesiveness, the
and that is not-changed by oxidation to any extent that renders it undesirable for lubrication.
The present invention is therefore broadly concerned with the use of lubricating oil stock whethmaterial tion 'of the The low viscosity stock may be used ior lubri-' cation by itself in those cases where it is pumped about a hearing,
by external means, as in the case of turbines; but its use in the ordinary bearing where no pumping action is present aside from that produced by the rotation of the hearing it-. self or the journal, is preferable in conjunction with the added ingredients for improving its properties as to oiliness and mushiness. It is a significant fact that such low viscosity material could not be secured on the open market the various oil companies and refineries developed. So that such low viscosity material had to be made for the first time and methods were developed for its production.
For example, a desirable stock may be made as by distilling off about I5 percent of the lighter from kerosene oil and using the remainder in the still-as stoc for the preparafinished lubricant. There results a product of requisite flrepoint and cold test with much lower viscosity than- 7 available today, and these products may in general be said to have a viscosity of less than 150 seconds atl00 F. A speciflc' product obtained by' distilling off '15 percent of ordinary coal oil tested as follows:
Specific gravity at 60 F l 383 B. Flash point 2405!. Fire p0int 2'15 I. Viscosity at F '14 sec. (8.1).) Viscosity at 60 F 56 sec. Viscosity at 80 F sec. Viscosity at 100 F 40 sec. Viscosity at 210 F 31 sec. Cold test Below 0 F. Total saponiflable matter 11.3% Free fatty acids 1.2%
' the present invention,
Similar products) as to viscosity may be prepared from any of the other distillates of like boiling point, petroleum, coal tar or shale oil.
In general it may be stated that the viscosity of a hydrocarbon stock should not be so lowthat flash point of below about 225 these factors are variable depending on the use to which thelubricant is-to be put.
. Such products as those 'indica d above are particularly desirably used in connection with and in the case of the product I11 above, in view of the further fact those commercially that this material a substantially uniform viscosity over the usual workinz scale, it is all the more desirable.
'1. cr'l'hompson in his-standard work on'this subject lists eighteen oils with viscosity numbers of from pm 18 and ranging inviscosity as follows:
Sa boltseco ds va n cosity numbers 100" 1. 130 F. 212 F.
0 180 i 38 7 M0 115 43 s aw 100 so 9 500 230 55 10 65 ll 80 12 13 100 14 130 15 165 16 190 17 700 18 Blown oils 1400 Of these, numbers 1-5 are the so-called spindle oils, not generally considered in the lubrication program, butthey will be used in accordance with the present invention when properly compounded for relatively heavy machinery; in addition to oils running from 65 seconds down as low as'can be obtained-probably around 35 seconds.
The proposed low viscosity material discussed above emphasizes the use in accordance with the present invention of material. Take for example meme five oils of the Thompson tabulation. These oils if used in'the prior art are limited for lubrication purposes to use on textile spindles where the loadis almost zero and the speed is rather high. 'They have not been used in lubricating heavy mathe lowest possible viscosity chinery However when compounded in acfrom prior art and particularly the higher fatty acids may be used. Further, the higher the fatt acid, the better its effect. Also, the presence of the hydroxyl group in the molecule with the carboxyl group yields a better lubricant. As an example, attention may be called castor oil. But these bodies which may be referred to as indicated above as .polar bodies are not limited to the fatty acids, and non-fatty acid polar bodies or compounds or materials may be used. The higher alcohols and ketones are advantageous and work almost as well as the fatty acids; sulphides and some of the metallic salts are also eflicient though in general due to the ready availability of the fatty acids and their cheapness, they are more generally used.
In some cases, however, theme of fatty acids may be objectionable due to the eiifect on the metal of the hearing or journal. Accordingly the 'erations in mind.
to the may acids of The higher alcohols and ketones may be readily obtained from the oxidation products obtained 'during the air blowing of petroleum and related materials particularly under pressure and at elevated temperatures, or from the residues remaining in' the still during such air blowing processes. The sulphides may be prepared by direct treatment of petroleum oil with sulphur, the products being somewhat complex, but the polar bodies appear and their effect is available.
The mushfllayers may be obtainable with various substances. The best effect is obtained with a material that is soluble in the polar body and quite, or totally insoluble in the petroleum oil, so that when a portion of the fatty acid or other polar body adheres to the metal surface to form the primary layer, a very considerable quantity of the mush substance will be withdrawn and a thicker and more coherent mush layer will be brought up. Saponiflable oils or fats that contain some fatty acid to act as the polar body serve in this connection. If the amount of fatty acid is small, the polar fatty acid will be withdrawn and will act to take up but a comparatively small quantity of the mush ingredient, namely the neutral glycerides or fats, and a comparatively thin and soft coating results. The presence of comparatively large quantities of substances more attracted to the polar body will assist in building up a better mush layer. A good example is castor oil dissolved in oleic acid, the castor oil being substantially insoluble in petroleum oil stock used. Two parts of castor oil to one part of oleic acid may be used. The oleic acid acting as the polar body carries down with it large quantities of the castor .oil and the mush layer consists largely of oleic acid and castor oil. This artificial or synthetic composition builds up a better layer than does an ordinary animal oil consisting of a mixture of some free chemical attraction orresidual chemical forces,
substances used in lubrication build up a surface film on the metallic surface of considerable tenacity. Other substances may also form or build up such films but they are not of value as lubricants. In those cases where the fatty acids are objectionable in a lubricant, the substituted ammonias that have little value as lubricants but build up films on the surface, can be used, if there is also added some material of high lubrication power that is selectively adsorbed by the substituted ammonia or forms molecular aggregates with it. In the lubrication of internal combustion engines where high temperatures prevail, the avoidance of such acidity is desirable. ,There may be used in such cases a mixture of diphenylamine and tallow oil (.with little or no free acid). Good results are obtained when only 5 percent of this mixture is used.
Soaps which form an emulsion with the petroleum stock or which are soluble in the petroleum stock can also be used. For example, soaps with petroleum stock particularly the soda and lime soaps that are present as colloids.
The soaps that go into solution include lead oleate, copper oleate, and the oleates of the heavy metals generally, the alkalies and alkaline earth acid is preferable tolard oil, and castor oil when in solution as illustrated above is superior to either lard oil or tallow oil.
In some cases, the body added to improve the ,mushiness characteristic may at'the same time possess a polar property so that in this way two purpose, the following is given.
Sulphonic acids derived from the treatment of unsaturated petroleum compounds, that is to say derivatives. mediates utilizable in this connection, mention or air upon the lubricant. be mentioned:
cent of the total admixture. When the oil is to be used at a relatively elevated temperature,
one part of beta-betadinaphthylamine is added to the oil; while if the oil is to be used at norgood results in practice.
The amount of the anti-oxidant is varied according to the time at which the lubricant is to be used and the conditions as to oxidation. At
1 percent. The
very low temperature, the efiect of the oxygen is very little feared, so that the amount of antioxidant used in such cases may be as low as .1 of dinaphthylamine is desirable but tetra-ethyl lead has also proved to be moderately eflicient.
While certain theoretical considerations have been given in the explanation of the present invention, it should be noted that the tangible effects produced in accordance with the invention are not dependent on the theories stated, as the lubricants disclosed herein have been investigated under actual conditions of service and have proved a tremendous advance in the art. Even when such terms as polar are used these terms need not be considered as implying a certain theory of operation but may be taken as class or.
generic names.
As exemplary of the phenomenal results flowing from the present invention, attention maybe called to the fact that it has been applied in the lubrication of a large railway system where about 30,000 bearings are under study. Whereas, it had been the custom to use oils of viscosity of about 250 seconds viscosity Saybolt prior to this application of the present invention, following the principles set forth above, the lubrication of bearings of the character of a street railway car is being made with oils of a viscosity of 35 seconds Saybolt universal viscosimeter, at 100 F. This lubrication with these oils of low viscosity has alreadyresulted in the saving of approximately 15 percent of the costs in operating these cars, though the entire system is not yet fully equipped, and will result when full installation has been made, in a saving or approximately 25 percent of the original power costs, or a saving or hundreds of thousands of dollars annually.
Having thus set forth my invention, I claim:
1. A lubricating oil for heavy machinery containing a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity considerably lower than that normally used for such purposes and within the range of 35 seconds to 65 seconds (Saybolt) at 100 F., and from 2 to 10% of an organic component increasing the oiliness and adhesiveness of i the composition without substantial increase oiwiscosity.
3. A lubricating oil for heavy machinery consisting of a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity considerably lower than such purposes and within the range of 35 seconds to 65 seconds (Saybolt) at 100 F., and from 2 to 10% of a substance having high adhesive properties containing a large proportion 01' saponiflable material which does not substantially increase the viscosity of the composition.
4. A lubricating oil for heavy machinery containing a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity considerably lower than that normally used for such purposes and within the range of-35 seconds to 135. seconds (Saybolt) at 100 F., and from 2 to 10% of an organic component increasing the oiliness and adhesiveness of the composition without substantial increase of viscosity.
5. A lubricating oil for heavy machinery conthat normally used for taining a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity considerably lower than that normally used for such purposes, and within the range 0! 35 seconds to 135 seconds (Saybolt) at 100 F., and from 2 to 10% of an organic component containing a saponiflable glyceride, increasing the oiliness and adhesiveness of the composition, without substantial increase of viscosity. I
6. A lubricating oil for heavy machinery containing a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity considerably lower than that normally used for such purposes and. within the range of 35 seconds to 135 seconds (Saybolt) at 100 F., and from 2 to 10% of an organic component containing a saponiflable glyceride oil and higher fatty acids increasing the oiliness and adhesiveness or the composition, without substantial increase of viscosity.
WILLIAM B. D. PENNIMAN.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US299883A US1967255A (en) | 1928-08-15 | 1928-08-15 | Lubricant and process of making same |
GB24945/29A GB317406A (en) | 1928-08-15 | 1929-08-15 | Improvements in or relating to lubricants and methods of making same |
FR680717D FR680717A (en) | 1928-08-15 | 1929-08-22 | Lubricants and method of making them |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US299883A US1967255A (en) | 1928-08-15 | 1928-08-15 | Lubricant and process of making same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1967255A true US1967255A (en) | 1934-07-24 |
Family
ID=23156714
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US299883A Expired - Lifetime US1967255A (en) | 1928-08-15 | 1928-08-15 | Lubricant and process of making same |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1967255A (en) |
FR (1) | FR680717A (en) |
GB (1) | GB317406A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2744872A (en) * | 1953-06-23 | 1956-05-08 | Texas Co | Gear lubricant comprising a wide mineral oil blend and an oxidized paraffinic residuum |
US3007872A (en) * | 1957-12-05 | 1961-11-07 | Shell Oil Co | Mineral lubricating oil compositions |
US5877131A (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 1999-03-02 | Nch Corporation | Translucent lubricant |
-
1928
- 1928-08-15 US US299883A patent/US1967255A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1929
- 1929-08-15 GB GB24945/29A patent/GB317406A/en not_active Expired
- 1929-08-22 FR FR680717D patent/FR680717A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2744872A (en) * | 1953-06-23 | 1956-05-08 | Texas Co | Gear lubricant comprising a wide mineral oil blend and an oxidized paraffinic residuum |
US3007872A (en) * | 1957-12-05 | 1961-11-07 | Shell Oil Co | Mineral lubricating oil compositions |
US5877131A (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 1999-03-02 | Nch Corporation | Translucent lubricant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR680717A (en) | 1930-05-05 |
GB317406A (en) | 1931-02-16 |
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