US196547A - Improvement in processes of manufacturing iron and steel - Google Patents
Improvement in processes of manufacturing iron and steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US196547A US196547A US196547DA US196547A US 196547 A US196547 A US 196547A US 196547D A US196547D A US 196547DA US 196547 A US196547 A US 196547A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- steel
- processes
- improvement
- tin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 60
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 30
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910000499 pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 8
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001108 Charcoal iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003292 diminished Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000468 manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C3/00—Manufacture of wrought-iron or wrought-steel
Definitions
- the .object of .t'hiS invention is to produce either wrought-iron or steel, depending upon the length of time the treatment is continued, from good pig-iron,bythe use of iron-scale and oxide of iron for afix or fettling, and the application in a certain manner of a powdered mixture of manganese and carbon, with or without the addition of tin-scrap, By this method the quality of the product is better, the labor of puddling very much lessened, and the time and fuel required greatly diminished.
- Any reverberatory furnace suitable for puddling iron may be employed.
- the iron-bottom furnaces commonly employed are preferable.
- the bottom of the furnace is lined with cinders and slags, as usual. Scales from the hammers and rollers are then thrown over them,
- the powdered manganese, oxide, and charcoal are sometimes placed in waste tin cans or boxes, and the whole thrown in, as previously described; or, as I prefer, they are mixed when dry, and, by means of a sieve, with a little grain flour, then dampened, and pressed into blocks of suitable weight for the purpose. These are dried, when they are easily handled, and without loss.
- Tin-pl ate consists of the best quality of charcoal-iron coated or washed with tin.
- the scraps or cuttings notwithstanding the vari ous processes fortheir utilization, are largelya waste product, amounting to many tons each day in large manufacturing cities, and it is desirable to convert them into bar wrought-iron.
- the tin upon them in no way interferes with the quality of the iron, as it passes off at the neck of the furnace, or combines with the puddling; third, the reduction of one-thirdof,
Description
PATENT OFFIGE.
I 'MosHER A. SUTHERLANI), OF NEW YORK, N. Y.
T IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSES OF MANUFACTURING IRON AND STEEL.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 196,547, dated October 30, 1877; application filed i v I March 13, 1877.
To all whom it may concern: v
' vBeitkuownth'atI, MQSHER A. SUTHERLAND,
of the city of New York, in the county of New York and State of New'York, have. invented certain newand useful Improvements in the Processof Manufacturing Iron and Steel; and
I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will I enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
The .object of .t'hiS invention is to produce either wrought-iron or steel, depending upon the length of time the treatment is continued, from good pig-iron,bythe use of iron-scale and oxide of iron for afix or fettling, and the application in a certain manner of a powdered mixture of manganese and carbon, with or without the addition of tin-scrap, By this method the quality of the product is better, the labor of puddling very much lessened, and the time and fuel required greatly diminished.
The following is a clear and exact description of my improvement, which will enable others skilled in the metallurgy of iron to put it into practice.
Any reverberatory furnace suitable for puddling iron may be employed. The iron-bottom furnaces commonly employed are preferable. The bottom of the furnace is lined with cinders and slags, as usual. Scales from the hammers and rollers are then thrown over them,
- and pulverized ores of oxides of iron, free fiom sulphur-preferably the magnetic oxidesare spread over'these, and banked against the walls, so as to protect them, and at the same time form a shallow basin. Broken pigs or other forms of carbonized iron are placed in this basin, on the sole-of the furnace. The weight of ore employed, for example, is about five hundred pounds, and the weight of pig-iron five hundred pounds. The fire having been started up," the iron becomes melted in about twenty-five to thirty minutes. Then two and a half pounds of a mixture of powdered oxide of manganese or pyrolusite and charcoal, in the proportion of one of the former to six of the latter, are thrown on the melted metal, and the whole stirred for about two minutes. Sixteen pounds of tin-plate scraps are next and immediately added. Then five pounds of the powdered mixture areadded,
about two minutes. The iron at this stage shows what is technically termed coming to nature. The operator now commences to change the heat to the deoxidizing flame, and to separate the tough mass into balls, which are taken to the shingling-hammer or squeezers and treated in the usual manner. From there they are taken immediately to the roughing-rollers, and thence, if desirable, to the merchant-train. The operation, from the commencement to completion, requires about one hour.
I have described the process as I prefer to practice it when the object is not specially to utilize waste tin-plate scraps. When this is the object, the scraps are added gradually until their weight may equal that of the charge of pig-iron. The addition of the mixture of powders should,in suchcases,beincreased correspondingly with the quantity added. When more than fifty pounds of the scraps are added they may be cut by suitable machinery into smaller chips, and added with a shovel.
The powdered manganese, oxide, and charcoal are sometimes placed in waste tin cans or boxes, and the whole thrown in, as previously described; or, as I prefer, they are mixed when dry, and, by means of a sieve, with a little grain flour, then dampened, and pressed into blocks of suitable weight for the purpose. These are dried, when they are easily handled, and without loss.
In the processes heretofore practiced it is required that the melted iron be constantly stirred or rabbled, as it is termed, throughout the whole charge, the whole operation requiring not less than one and a half hour.
Tin-pl ate consists of the best quality of charcoal-iron coated or washed with tin. The scraps or cuttings, notwithstanding the vari ous processes fortheir utilization, are largelya waste product, amounting to many tons each day in large manufacturing cities, and it is desirable to convert them into bar wrought-iron. The tin upon them in no way interferes with the quality of the iron, as it passes off at the neck of the furnace, or combines with the puddling; third, the reduction of one-thirdof,
the time ordinarily required, and, consequently, of about that proportion of fuel, enabling the operator to turn out a correspondingly-increased number of batches per day; fourth,
the working into the batch of waste tin-plate or other :iron scraps when desired, and thereby converting :them into a superior quality of merchantable wrought-iron.
1 have .stated that any suitable puddlingfurnace may be-employed. This also applies to :fuel, as that of ihydrocarbon oils or gases, in which cases the same comparative advantages would result as those I have specified where coalsare-employed.
Although I haveso far referredonly to the manufacture of wrought-iron in the specification, the process is applicable to the manufactureof steel, byarresting the process before the melted metal has assumed the pasty condition, and casting it into ingots while it is sufficientlylliquid to-be-capable of being drawn em thefurnace. rh'ei' ri ;.er, ne rtcess when thisisdonewilldepend uponfthe quality of the steel it is desired to produce, whether of low or high grade, and must be learned by the experience of the operator.
Having thus described? my improvements,
what I desire to -secure-by-Letters Patent of the United States, is- I t y f 1. In the process of treating,pig-iron to form wrought-iron or steel, compounding therewith iron-scale, oxidesof iron, and manganese, charcoal, and tin-scrap,substantially asspeclfied.
2. In theprocess of treating pig-iron to form wrought-iron or steel, the combination therei with of iron-scale oxides of ironandmanganese, charcoal, and tin scrap,substantially as .t
setforth.
3. The processof decarbonizing pig-iron to form wrought iron or steel, rwhicli consists in treating it on .an open-hearth :and aupona bed r of ironscaleand oxide-of iron, withacompound of manganese oxide, carbon, and :starchymaterial, substantially in the (proportions iand in the manner set forth. y
In testimony that Iacl m the :foregoingras myown 1 afiix my isignature in qiresence of two witnesses. t p,
MOSHER A. isnrniaarmn. Witnesses: t
A. M. SUrHrinLArzn,"
WM. L. MILLER.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US196547A true US196547A (en) | 1877-10-30 |
Family
ID=2265953
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US196547D Expired - Lifetime US196547A (en) | Improvement in processes of manufacturing iron and steel |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US196547A (en) |
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0
- US US196547D patent/US196547A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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