US1957183A

US1957183A - Hydraulic machine

Info

Publication number: US1957183A
Application number: US689576A
Authority: US
Inventors: Schmitthenner Carlos
Original assignee: JM Voith GmbH
Current assignee: JM Voith GmbH
Priority date: 1932-09-12
Filing date: 1933-09-15
Publication date: 1934-05-01
Anticipated expiration: 1951-05-01

Description

May 3 N34. c. SCHMITTHENNER HYDRAULIC MACHINE Filed Sept. 15, 1933 Y 1 lii'v'ENlui CARLOS SCHM ITTHENNER BY W "h".

' AITORNEY' .l atented may l, 1934 RAULIC MAC Carlos Sc Ir a: tthenner, ll-lleidenheim on the Brena, Germany, assignor, to if. M. Voith,

lilleidenheim-on-the-Brenz,

Germany, a copartnership composed of Walther Voith, Hermann Voith, and Hanna Voith.

Application September 15, 1933, Serial No. 689,576 lln Germany September 12, 1932 ll) Claims. (Cl. 253-448) This invention relates to hydraulic machines, such as hydraulic turbines, pumps and the like, v and more particularly to the type of hydraulic machines having impellers with movable or adjustable blades, and is a continuation in part of another application for Letters Patent of the United States filed by me February 9, 1931, Serial No. 514,379, now Patent No. 1,939,229, granted December 12, 1933.

An object of the invention is to provide an improved hydraulic machine having adjustable blades, in which the trunnions of said blades are mounted in a hollow hub containing lubricating oil.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved hydraulic machine of the above type in which lubricating oil is supplied under pres- I sure to the hub of the impeller of the hydraulic machine from an oil tank mounted on the shaft of the impeller.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved hydraulic machine of the above type in which means are provided for replenishing oil in the oil tank while the hydraulic machine is in operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved hydraulic machine of the above type in which means are provided for automatically regulating the pressure of the lubricating oil in the runner hub.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved hydraulic machine of the character mentioned, which is simple in construction, and reliable and exact in function under all conditions of service.

The invention also comprises certain new and useful improvements in the construction, arra. ement and combination of the several parts of which it is composed, as will be hereinafter 4,0 more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawing:- l igure 1 is a vertical section of a Kaplan type of hydraulic turbine showing the application of my invention thereto; and Fig. 2 is a section taken at right angle to Fig. 1,

showing theoil pump and its actuating mechanism.

Hydraulic machines of the adjustable blade type may have a fluid pressure operated servo motor for adjusting the impeller blades to effect a change in position thereof. Hydraulic turbines of this type have gone into successful use, these turbines being known as the Kaplan type. A turbine of this type is shown and described in United States Letters Patent No. 1,467,672 granted September 11, 1923 to Victor Kaplan.

The hubs of the impellers of the above type of hydraulic machines are filled with oil for lubricating the blade operating mechanism within the impeller hub.

In my above mentioned Patent No. 1,939,229 the lubricating oil is described as being supplied to the hub of the impeller by means whereby the pressure of the oil within the hub is maintained higher than the outside water pressure about the blades of the impeller.

The present invention relates more particularly to specific mechanical details for supplying oil under pressure to the hub of the impeller 70 from a suitable reservoir carried by the shaft of the hydraulic machine, and also to means whereby the pressure of the oil can be maintained at a desired constant pressure. Another feature of the present invention and not shown or described in my earlier application for Letters Patent above mentioned, is the means whereby the supply of oil in the reservoir can be replenished during operation of the hydraulic machine.

Referring to the drawing and especially to Fig. 1, the Kaplan type of hydraulic machine to which my invention is shown applied may comprise a runner or impeller having a hollow hub B fixed to the lower end of a hollow shaft B A suitable number of blades C are rotatably supported in the hub B and project radially there- The inner end of each blade C is formed with a trunnion C which is journalled in hearings or bushings C and C supported in the hub. The construction is such that the blades are rotatable into diiierent angular relationship with the axis of the runner.

Means are provided for simultaneously rotating all of the blades C and for maintaining them in equal angular relationship, such means comprising preferably, links a and a cross head a said links being connected to a collar C on the trunnions C and to the cross head by a pin 11*.

At a suitable distance above the runner, the shaft B is enlarged, as at B and in this enlarged portion there is a servo motor A.

The enlarged portion of the'runner shaft B is formed with a flange B which is coupled to a flange 4 of another hollow or tubular shaft 5. 0 Shaft 5 may be connected to the shaft of an electrical generating apparatus or to the shaft of any other mechanism adapted to be driven by the turbine (not shown).

The servo motor A may comprise a movable llG abutment or piston, disposed in the enlarged portion of shaft B between the upperand lower

oil pressure chambers

2 and 3.

Disposed within the hollow shaft 5 is a spindle or rod 7 from a governor or other similar controlling apparatus (not shown), said rod being connected to the piston of the servo motor A.

Disposed within the hollow runner shaft B and connected to the servo motor A at one end and to the cross head a at the other end, is a spindle or rod a Movement of the servo motor A will thus be transmitted by spindle or rod a to the cross head a, and from said cross head such movement will be transmitted by the links a to the runner blades C, thereby effecting an adjustment or change in position of said blades corresponding to the movement of the servo motor A.

The hollow runner hub B is adapted to be supplied with oil for lubricating the runner blade operating mechanism, as well as the trunnions of the runner blades.

In order to keep the oil pressure inside the hub B higher than the water pressure on the blades C, at "the outer portions of the bearings or bushings C the blades are made water tight by means of any suitable packing devices or seals C against which the pressure water flows by, the pressure depending on the head of the installation. The annular passage 8 in shaft B is used for filling the oil into the runner hub B and into which oil can be directed from the top.

The lubricating oil for the runner hub B is contained in an oil tank or chamber D mounted on the runner shaft B at a suitable point above the runner.

Disposed within the tank D is a pump D which is connected by pipe d to the annular passage 8 within shaft B A bore b in shaft B connects the annular passage 8 with an overflow valve 12 adjusted to the desired maximum pressure. The overflow oil from valve b is returned to tank D.

The adjustment of valve b is such that the pressure of the oil in the runner hub 13 is maintained high enough to prevent any entrance of water into the runner hub, without undue oil leakage from the latter.

The oil pump D rotating with the runner shaft B may be arranged in such a way, that its operation is derived from the rotary movement of the runner shaft.

In the present case, I have shown the pump D as having a drive shaft 11 which is arranged parallel to the main shaft B At its upper end the drive shaft :1 is provided with a rocker arm and roller (1 the latter bearing against a stationary eccentric runway E. The stroke of the rocker arm of pump D depends upon the eccentricity of runway E.

With this arrangement, overflow valve b assumes partly the functions of the oil pressure accumulator described in my Patent No. 1,939,229, 1. c. it holds the oil pressure constant. The necessary quantity of oil, which in my above mentioned application is contained in the accumulator itself, is here contained in tank D.

The present invention furthermore embodies a design so that a displacement of the spindle or rod a will not cause any displacement of oil in the hub B. For this purpose the. lower end of the spindle d is not free in the oil chamber of the runner hub but it is carried, with the same Thus a displacement of the spindle a will not alter the volume of the parts contained in the runner hub B and the oil supplying device will not be called upon for large variations of oil quantities.

As shown in Fig. 1, immediately above the oil tank or chamber D, the runner shaft B passes through an opening 9 in a floor 10. Only a fragmentary portion of the floor is shown in the drawing, since it is common practice in powerhouse installations to provide such floors at desirable points. As shown, if so desired the runway E may be secured to the underside of the floor 10, the opening 9 in the floor conforming to the shape of the runway.

The top of the oil tank D is formed with an opening 11 which is slightly larger in diameter than the diameter of the runner shaft 13 Projecting into the opening 11, is the lower end of a pipe 12 leading from a funnel 13, or the like. In this way additional quantities of oil can be delivered to the tank D while the turbine is in operation,-since the funnel 13 and pipe 12 are stationary with respect 'to the revolving oil tank D.

Having thus described my invention what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:-

1. In a device of the character described, the

combination with an impeller having movable, blades iournalled in a hollow hub containing lubricating oil, of a hollow shaft connected to said hub, an oil chamber surrounding said shaft, a pump in said chamber for forcing oil under pressure from said chamber to said hub through said hollow shaft, means for controlling the pressure of the oil in said hub, and means operas journalled in a hollow hub, said hub containing lubricating oil, a hollow shaft connected to said hub, an oil chamber surrounding said shaft, a pump disposed in said chamber for delivering oil under pressure through said hollow shaft to said hub, and means actuated by the rotation of said shaft for operating said pump.

3. A hydraulic machine comprising an impeller having adjustable blades journalled in a hollow hub containing lubricating oil, a .hollow shaft connected to said hub, means for adjusting the impeller blades, an oil tank surrounding said shaft, a pump actuated by the rotation of said shaft for supplying oil under pressure from'said tank to said hub through said shaft, and valve means operatively connected, to said shaft for controlling the pressure of the oil.

4. A hydraulic machine comprising an impeller having adjustable blades journalled in a hollow hub containing lubricating oil, a hollow shaft connected to said hub, a servo motor mounted in the shaft and operatively connected with the impeller blades foradjusting the positions thereof, an oil tank mounted on said shaft, a pump actuated by the rotation of said shaft for supplying oil under pressure to said hub, and a valve device connected to said shaft for controlling the pressure of'the oil.

5. A hydraulic machine of the class described comprising an impellerhaving adjustable blades joumalled in a hollow hub, a hollow shaft connected to said hub, means for supplying lubricating oil to said hub comprising an oil chamber carried by said shaft, a pump disposed in said chamber for delivering oil under pressure through memes said hollow shaft to said hub, and means actuated by the rotation of said shaft for operating said pump.

6. In a device of the character described, the combination with an impeller having movable blades journalled in a hollow hub, of a hollow shaft connected to said hub, means for supplying lubricating oil to said hub comprising an oil chamber mounted on said shaft, means for pumping oil from said chamber to said hub, and a valve device within said chamber and operatively connected to said shaft for controlling the pressure ofthe oil.

- 7. In a device of the character described,. the combination with an impeller having movable blades journalled in a hollow hub, of a hollow shaft connected to said hub, means for supplying lubricating oil to said hub comprising an oil chamber surrounding said shaft, means for forcing oil under pressure from said chamber to said hub, a valve device in said chamber for controlling the pressure of the oil in said hub, and means operatively associated with said oil chamber for delivering fresh oil to said chamber during operation of said impeller.

8. In a device of the character described, the

.combination with an impeller having movable blades journalled in a hollow hub, of a hollow shaft connected to said hub, means for supplying lubricating oil under pressure to said hub comprising an oil chamber surrounding said shaft, means in said chamber for pumping oil from said chamber to said hub, a valve device for controlling the pressure of the oil, and means operatively associated with said oil chamber for delivering fresh oil thereto during the operation of said impeller.

9. In a device of the character described, the combination with a runner having movable blades jcurnalled in a hollow hub, of a hollow shaft connected to the hub, a servo motor mounted in said shaft and operatively connected with the runner blades, for adjustingthe relative positions thereof, an oil chamber mounted'on the runner shaft, means for pumping oil from said chamber and delivering the oil to said hub, a valve device operatively connected to the interior of the runner shaft for controlling the pressure of the oil, and means for operating said oil pumping means comprising a drive shaft parallel to said runner shaft, a rocker arm operatively connected to said drive shaft, a stationary eccentric runway, and a roller on said rocker arm operatively engaging said runway. v

10. In a device of the character described, the combination with a runner having movable blades journalled in a hollow hub, of a hollow shaft connected to the hub, a servo motor mounted in said shaft and operatively connected with the runner blades, for adjusting the relative positions thereof, an oil chamber mounted on the runner shaft, a pump for pumping oil from said chamber to said hub, a valve device operativelyconnected to the interior of the runner shaft for controlling the pressure of the oil, means for operating said oil pump comprising a drive shaft parallel to said runner shaft, a rocker arm operatively connected to said drive shaft, a stationary eccentric runway, and a roller on said rocker arm operatively engaging said runway, and means operatively associated with the oil chamber for delivering fresh oil thereto during the operation of the runner.

CARLOS SCHMITTHENNER.