US1951453A

US1951453A - Typewriting machine

Info

Publication number: US1951453A
Application number: US560148A
Authority: US
Inventors: Burnham C Stickney
Original assignee: Underwood Elliott Fisher Co
Current assignee: Underwood Elliott Fisher Co
Priority date: 1931-08-29
Filing date: 1931-08-29
Publication date: 1934-03-20
Anticipated expiration: 1951-03-20

Description

March 20, 1934- B. d. STICKNEY TYPEWRITING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 29, 1931 lm/enfar March 20, 1934. B. c. STICKNEY TYPEWRITING MACHINE 4 Sheets$heet 2 Filed Aug. 29, 1951 March 20, 1934. a Q s Y I 1,951,453

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Aug. 29, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 March 20, 1934. Q $T|KNEY 1,951,453

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Aug. 29, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 lnumfa/r Patented Mar. 20, 1934 1,951,453

.UNITED STATES PA ENT OFFICE TYPEWRITING MACHINE Burnham C. Stickney, Hillside, N. J., assignor to Underwood Elliott Fisher .Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application August 29, 1931, Serial No. 560,148 51 Claims. (01. 197-30) This invention relates to the type-operating short are, so that the two lower-types are brought systems of typewriting machines, especially those to the exact positions, relatively to the platen,

of the portable noiseless class. that were previously occupied by the two upper In standard-size noiseless machines, the types types. are mounted upon the ends of radial slides, mov- The silent-impression toggle is extended at the 50 ing horizontally,and normally extending very far swinging of the type-bar, and the type-impression infront of the platen, and so requiring more space is due to a flying weight, whose momentum is than can be, afforded in a portable machine. transmitted by another toggle, to actuate the Hence portable noiseless machines have been impression-toggle at the moment of impression.

1 made with swinging type-bars substituted for The transmission-toggle extends from the type- 65 slides. Each of said portable type-bars, however, bar to the impression-toggle, and the latter exhas been provided with only two types, so that .tends from the type-bar to the fixed pivot. the number of type-bars equals the number of Of the two keys that are provided for each type- 1 y bar, one lifts the type-bar for printing the lower It is a feature'of the present invention to protypes thereon, and by so doing, this key causes 70 vide each noiseless swinging type-bar with four the type-bar also to swing rearwardly to the types, to be operable by either of two keys, thus platen; the type-bar therefore having a floating reducing the number of noiseless pivoted typemovement. bars to half the number of the keys, and greatly The other key is connected merely to swing the compacting the type-bar system. type-bar in a simple arc, just enough to bring into 75 One advantage of lateral compactness is that play-the upper types thereon; I I, the types move in paths which are at right angles Each of the two keys has an individual opto the platen, or nearly so, conducing to good typeerating toggle. These operating toggles are norimpressions. Another advantage is in the reducmally extended. The operating toggle which is tion in the number of parts, since every type-bar flexed by one key, operates to lift the type-bar; is provided with an impression-toggle and also while the other operating toggle remains in its with a transmission-toggle, .in addition to the normally extended condition and takes part in key-driven operating trains. the described floating movement of the type-bar.

One of the features is in the nature of a noise- The other key flexes the other operating toggle,

less compound toggle-mechanism which is practhereby merely swinging the type-bar in a simple ticable for a swinging type-bar provided with arc; the type-bar at this time being locked four yp against rising, by means of the other of the op-' The type-bars may stand in front of the platen, erating toggles. being pivoted at their lower ends in an arc. Each Each of these Op g toggles iS therefore 35 impression-toggle may be pivoted at one end to useful for two 'purposes; each having a type-barits type-head, and to the machine-framing at swinging function, and alsoasteadying or locking the forward toggle end. The four types are so function. In other words, when one operating placed upon the bar thatwhen in printing positoggle is being flexed, the other operating toggle tion they substantially coincide at four points effects the r q d locking- 40 with an arc struck from the fixed or forward pivot ach of the e opera ing toggles s p v ded 95 of the silent impressi0ntoggle. with a shoulder, for restoring the other toggle to When one key is operated, the type-bar swings home p on. in case. it should becom 8 back through a simple arc, to bring into use either sary in high speed of operation. of the two upper types. When the other key is The type-bars, with their noiseless toggles, and

operated, the same .type-bar is automatically their operating toggles, are all radial; every set lifted, to bring into action either of the two lower of four toggles operating in the same radial plane types thereon; and at the same time the typewith its type-bar.

bar swings back to the platen. The system-of type-bars being very narrow,

The impression-toggle is equally efiicient in and the system of -keylevers being very wide, a 105 each of the two printing positions of the typenovel connection is disclosed from the levers to bar, i a c as the foul yp are q ly disthe operating toggles. For this purpose the levers tant from the fixed pivot of the silent-impresare divided into a middle group and two side sion toggle, as just explained. I groups. In the middle group there are as many The type-bar is lifted by means of its lower end, levers as there are type-bars; and every lever in no the fulcrum of the type-bar being swung up in a the middle group is directly connected to a typecross-levers, half of them extending towards the.

left and half towards the right. Said crosslevers are connected to the arms and the keylevers by pendent links. Free action is-thus secured, or liability to bind and cramp is avoided,

, while the parts are sufficiently separated, space is saved, each train consists of a few simple parts, and expense is reduced.

If each type-carrier in a noiseless machine is operable by means of two key-levers which are adjacent to each other, it may happen in some cases, where the two types often fall next to each other in printing (as for instance the type d'and the type e that in rapid operation there will be a false action of the operating-toggle mechanism,

due to it not having time to resume normal po sition after printing one type, before it is operated in another way to print the other type.

To avert this difliculty, it is contrived by the present invention to provideeach type-bar with letters or characters which arev not usually operated in immediate succession, so that notypebar may be operated to print its two types, un-

, less there is an intervening operation of some groups of key-levers.

, after appear.

other type-bar. v I

For this purpose, the outlying cross-levers,

which connect all the key-levers to all the typebars, are arranged out of uniform alphabetical order with respect to the key-levers. It will be understood that the order of the types which are operated by the key-levers in the middle group, agrees with the alphabetical order of the keys in that group; but the cross-levers afford a choice of alphabetical connection in respect to the outer The first cross-lever may be connected to either the first, second, third or fourth key-lever, for example, in either side group. 'Similar selection may be-made for the second, third and other cross-levers, so thatthe types upon the type-bars may be altogether out of correspondence with the order of the keys in the left-hand and right-hand groups, to the end that no type-bar shall have diiferenttypes that are operated in immediate succession in usual run of work.

- Certain features of the invention are also useful in other kinds of typewriters.

Other features and advantages will herein- In the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is-a diagram, showing a sectional and I side elevation of a type-bar, with its impression another key to and transmission toggles.

Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the machine, taken from front to rear, showing the parts in 7 normal positions. 1

' Figure 3 is a similar section, showing the'typebar swung by the key to bring the upper types" into use.

Figure 4 shows the same type-bar swung by bring either of the lower types into use. i 5

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional plan of the typeable by forty-two keys 13.

the final movement of the type being controlled bar and linkage system, with the underlying cross-levers and key-levers.

Figure 6 is a diagram similar to Figure 5, but showing one manner of assorting the connections between the type-bars and the flanking groups of key-levers, to provide each type-bar with non-consecutive types.

Upstanding type-bars 10 swing radially back to the printing point on a platen 11, a little above a horizontal plane, that passes through the axis of the platen, as is usual in the Underwood portable typewriter. The pivoting of the lower ends of the type-bars at 12, enables them to swing in simple arcs. I

There are shown twenty-one type-bars, oper- The planes of the type-bars converge from front to rear, ,with the apex at the printing point. The type-bars are very compact considered laterally, so that the direction of printing movement of even the extreme right-hand or left-hand type-bar at Figures 5 does not vary objectionably from a true right-angle movement relatively to the platen, thus avoidingthe necessity of providing an excessive angularity of the type-face relatively to the type-bar at Figure 5, and enabling the printing pressure to be applied against the platen prac-- tically in the plane of swinging movement of the type-bar, thus conducing to good impressions;

by a fixed c'enter guide 14, having its guiding faces exactly at right angles to the platen.

At Figure 3 it will be seen that printing may be effected by either one of the upper. or lower case types 15 carried upon the tip of the type-bar, dependent upon the position to which the platen 11 is shifted; the type-bar having a simple swing ing movement about the pivot 12, the type-path being a simple are from normal position to the platen.

The type-bar at Figure 3 is driven by a key 13, upon a stem 16 rising from a U-shaped lever 17, the rear upper end of which is pivoted at 18. .This key leve'r is one of those at the sides of the machine. This pivot 18 may be nearly on a level with the keys 13 in the two rear rows, the keys descending in nearly vertical paths. The type- 'operating train includes a vertical pull-link 19 which connects key-lever '17 to the depressible arm 20 of a cross-lever 21, said cross-lever having an inner arm 22, from the end of which forwardly the link 26, and thereby rocks the short arm 27 of the type-bar from the dotted-line to the full-line position at Figure 3. This carries the type-bar fully or approximately to the platen.

.A spring 28 may be connected to each crosslever 21, for returning the key and'type-train to normal position, with the operating toggle 24, 26 substantially straightened out, as at Figure 2.

It may now be noted at Figure 5 that the compact system of type-bars is very much narrower than is the system of key-levers, and that the cross-levers 21 reach from the type-bars, to the outlying key-levers, and that the direction of im-- pulse is directly in the plane of the moving part.

This avoids all tendency to side strain and cramping of levers and links, thus securing an entirely free action, and provides a simple, inexpensive, compact and accessible linkage.

The cross levers 21 may be placed one in front of another, as shown at Figure 5, with the rearmost cross-lever connecting the outermost keylever to the outermost type-bar, the next crosslever connecting the next inner key-lever to the next inner type-bar, and so on.

Different outer links 19 are attached to their key-levers at difierent points in the lengths of the latter, but this variation is compensated for and uniform depth of key-strokes secured, by suitably varying the proportions of the crosslevers 21, so that equal type-bar strokes are produced by equal key-depressions.

The cross-levers 21 may be pivotedin hangers 29 depending from a curved overlying crossplate 30, secured by screws 31 to posts 31 upon the ends of a segment 32, upon which the operating arms 24 are pivoted and guided; the operating arms 24 and links 26 working in the same radial planes as their respectivetype-bars, and said arms 24 overhanging the segment 32. The hangers 29 are fastened at irregular points to the hanger plate 30, as at Figure 5, and each lever 21 has its proper individual leverage, for

equalizing the key-strokes. The operating arms 24 may be of equal length throughout the system; but the levers 21 may vary from one another in total length, as well as in the relative lengths of individual arms; k

( Keys 34 in the two front rows are mounted upon stems 35 rising from the forward ends of levers 36, the latter having upwardly and rearwardly extending rear arms 37, pivoted at 38 upon a fixed cross-rod, the latter being nearly level with the keys 34. It will be seen that levers 36, which carry'the front keys, are longer thanlevers 17 which carry the rear keys, and that the levers 36 extend rearwardly of the levers 17, and also that the fulcrum-rod 38 of the long keylevers may be somewhat lower than they fulcrumrod 18 of the short key-levers. All the keys are guided about vertically, and have uniform action.

All the key-levers at the middle of the machine are directly connected by vertical pull-links 39 with radial operating arms '40, which are pivoted upon a curved fulcrum-wire 41 and form a lower set. When an operating arm 40 is pulled down by its key-lever, link 42 is pulled forwardly, and thereby a short radiating fulcrum-lever, having a forward, arm 43 and a-rearward arm 44, is rocked about a curved pivot-wire 45.

The arm 44 carries the aforesaid type-bar ful-. crum-pin .3 and said fulcrum-pin 12 is swung upwardly and -rearwardly through an are 46, Figure 4, thereby elevating the type-bar, to cause the lower types 33 thereon to print upon the platen, according to the case-shifting of the latter, Figure 4.

During the operation of the type-bar 10 by an arm 40, said type-bar floats bodily in upward and rearward direction, since the fulcrum-arm 44, the short type-bararm 2'7 and the link 26 are combined to form a linkage. Thelink '26 is pivoted at 4'! to the type-bar, and at 48 to the arm 24, and the pivots 47, 48 and '25 are in line at the moment of printing, thus forming in effect a rigid link that extends from 47 to 25. The

parts 24 and 26 taken together may be regarded as forming one member of the three-part linkage.

The spring 28 normally holds the upper operating arm 24 down against a stop 50, which. consists of the upper edge of the segment 32,- and the link 26 may swing slightly up from the normal .the pivot 47, the fulcrum l2 rocking about the stationary pivot 45, and pivot 47 moving substantially concentrically with pivot 48, which is stationary at this time. Henceeach type-bar may be operated by either of its two keys,,and its types are brought into use selectively by'the key operated.

Upon release of the key, a spring 51 returns the lower operating arm 40, and straightens out the operating toggle 40', 42, and rocks the fulcrumlever 43, 44 back from Figure 4 position to normal position; the upper operating arm ,24 remaining stationary, and its'link 26 dropping to the dottedline position at Figure 4. s

The spring 51 normally holds the lower operating arm 40 against astop 52 formed upon the lower edge-of the segment 32; so that 40, 42 may normally form a rigid toggle, and hold the directly connected by the links 39 to the twentyone key-levers forming the middle group. Eleven key-levers are shown in the left-hand outer group, and ten in the right-hand outer group; but none in these outer groups drives the lower operating arm 40. Instead, said outer groups are connected by the two divergent groups of cross-levers 21 with the'upper operating arms 24.

Thus the wide key-lever system is divided into three groups, the middle group having about the same width as the type-bar system, and being.

connected directly thereto. while the other groups extend at each side far beyond the type-system,

and are connected by the right-hand and lefthand groups of cross-levers to the entire system of radial type-operating trains.

.This system is especially eflicient'for a machine where each type-bar is operable by two keys, since two keys which operat any type-bar do not need to be next to each other, or even adj acent, for one key-lever may be in the middle group and the companion key-lever may be in one of the flanking groups. It will be seen that a type-bar may be operated 'by keys which are remote from each other, one key being connected to the type-bar through the cross-lever 21, and the other key being connected to thetype-bar directly by the link 39. The noveladaptation of a narrow type-system to a wide'key-lever system is available ,for general use in typewriting machines-not I key-levers which operate them, and are directly connected thereto by links 39, which are well spaced from the links 19; the latter being connected only to the levers in the outer two groups of key-levers, while the former are connected only to the key-levers in the middle group. The levers 21 are above the segment 32 and above the systems of radial operating toggles, and are readily accessible and easily assembled, and do not take up room that is wanted for other members of the system of type-bar trains. r

The toggle-link 26 may be provided with a restoring lug or shoulder in the form of a pin 53 serving to straighten out the alternate toggle 40, 42 for the same type-bar 10, in case said toggle 40, 42 needs to be straightened, as might occur in rapid operation of the machine. The position of the shoulder 53 for this service is seen at Figure 3.

The link 42 is provided with a similar restoring shoulder or pin 54, to straighten out the toggle 24, 26 if it should happen to be necessary; the position of the shoulder 54 for this service being seen at Figure 4. These shoulders 53 and 54 may further be depended upon to coact with the stops 50 and 52 to hold the toggles each rigid,'as required.

The short levers 43, 44 may work in slots 55 formed in a segment 56, said slots radiating to the, printing point, and the pivot-wire 45 being curved concentrically with the printing center, or

with a tangential line 57 extending downwardly and forwardly from the printing point on the platen. This segment may form a frame-member including side bars 58 andarms 59 supporting the segment upon the side walls 60 of the typewriterframe. The forward member of the frame may be the segment 32, supporting the operating-arm system.

Said radial slots 55 and wire 45 are at the rear border of the segment 56, and the operating tog-' gles for said fulcrum-levers may extend forwardly over said segment 56 and downwardly beneath the forward segment 32. The other operating toggles may extend forwardly under said segment 56,.and forwardly over the forward segment 32.

.In operating any key in the middle group, motion is transmitted to the type-bar by the short radial fulcrum-lever 43, 44, which at its forward end is pulled down by the'key, and at its rear end swings up and carries the type-bar odily upward, to enable either of the lower t s to print. This lifting movement of the type-bar is taken advantage of to cause the type-bar simultaneously to swing rearwardly upon the fulcrum 12,

this swinging motion being broughtabout by the idle toggle 24, 26, as above described. This idle type-bar floating elements atFigure 4, but serves as the type-bar operating element at Figure 3.

The toggle-element 40, 42 serves as a steadying link to hold the fulcrum-lever 43, 44 stationary at Figure 3, so that the type-bar may swing truly in a simple are about the fulcrum 12, while in Figure 4 said toggle 40, 42 is used for vibrating livered by the aid of a flying weight 61.

the fulcrumelever 43, 44 to lift the, type bar as described.

Thus each operating toggle is capable of two functions. The stroke of each key brings each toggle into use, one toggle for moving the typebar, and the other toggle for controlling the main pivotal movement of the type-bar, either by holding the fulcrum or main pivot 12 stationary at Figure 3, or by causing the type-bar to be carried up bodily by said pivot, Figure 4.

The foregoing mechanism may bring the typebar at Figure 3 or Figure 4 close to the platen; and the final depression may be noiselessly de- The weight normally occupies a low position at Figure 2, but is connected to the type-bar to swing upwardly and rearwardly at high speed, its momentum being employed to press the type against the platen, Figures 3 and 4. This weight 61 is formed upon an arm 62, which is pivoted at 63 to an arm 64 that projects forwardly from the type-bar 10 between-its ends. Said weight-arm 62 is pivoted at 65 to a link 66, and combines therewith to form a momentum-transmitting toggle; and this toggle is efiective'upon a radial pressure-toggle, the latter consisting of lever 67 and link 68. Link 68 is pivoted at 69 to the typearm 62 rearwardly, to drive the link 66 upwardly,

while the same link 66 is also lifted from normal position by the opening of the impression-

toggle

67, 68, owing to its connection with the type-bar at 69.

It will thus be noted thatv both the transmission-toggle 6'7, 68- and the impression-toggle 62,

66 are connected to the same type-bar, both toggles to be opened out by the travel of the typebar to the platen. When the type is nearly in printing position, the speed of the weight 61 is very high, and it serves to straighten out its toggle 62, 66, as at Figures 3 and 4, and thereby straightens out the impression-

toggle

67, 68, and so forces the type silently and with suflicient pressure against the work-sheet.

The arm 62 at the conclusion of its printing stroke slightly flexes a spring-finger '75 upon the type-bar arm 64, and this spring absorbs some of the momentum of the weight 61. When the printing is done, the spring serves to start the The rearward swinging of 51, and also by spring 76, which is connected to the arm '77 of a universal-bar bail 78. The latter is operated by fingers 79 on the key-levers, and is connected at 80 to any suitable or usual carriage-feeding and ribbon-vibrating mechanism,

not shown, said universal bail being fulcrumed at 81 upon the machine-frame.

The fulcrum-levers 43, 44' work in the same radial planes as the type-bars, the transmitting and impression toggles and the operating .tog-

gles. At their forward ends the system of radiating trains is of a width substantially equal to the width of the middle group consisting of half of the key-levers, and all the links 39 may stand substantially vertical, and therefore work in the radial planes of the type-bar trains, and also in the parallel planes of the key-levers, without cramping. This desirable feature of connection of the type-bar trains to the key-levers is rendered practicable by the use of the groups of outlying cross-levers to connect the radial typebar trains to the remaining half of the key-levers, said cross-levers being divided equally into groups, one division going to the left and the other division going to the right of the key-lever system.' The key-levers may be parallel and all work freely in vertical planes.

Thus is provided a simple, compact, inexpensive, accessible and well-ordered system of key and type actions. v

If it should be considered that the

impressiontoggle

67, 68, the transmission-toggle 62, 66 and the type-bar 10 taken together form a unit, then it will be observed said unit occupies a position at Figure 4 as if it had been swung bodily up around the forward stationary pivot '72, as compared with the position of the unit at Figure 3. The type-bar fulcrum 12 is mounted to swing 'through an are 46 in an upward direction to agree with such swinging of the unit bodily about the point '72. Said stationary pivot '72 remains unchanged throughout all operations of the typebar and its toggles, and maintains a fixed distance from the platen, An arc struck from said pivot point would be tangent to the printing point in both positions of the platen; and said are would moreover substantially coincide with all' four type-faces on the typebar. In other words, when the impression-

toggle

67, 68 is expanded, all four types are equally distant from said fixed pivot 72. I

A line extended through the straightened-

out impressiomtoggle

67, 68 from said fixed pivot 72, passes midway between the-upper two types and the lower two types. This aids in accurately proportioning the parts and in securing the above-named accurate results and other desirable features. Moreover, the printing pressure which is furnished by the

toggle

67, 68, is applied at a point whch is nearest to all four types, thus tending to uniformity of impressions of the types,

and ease of manufacture and repair. The toggle works directly upon the type-head at either Figure 3 or Figure 4, without detriment to the print: ing from springing or weakness of the type-bar. At Figure 3 the extended toggle is inclined downwardly more than at Figure 4, but the efficiency case the impression-

toggle

67, 68 reaches the same high degree of efiiciency, and accomplishes the same work as in the other case. Hence four types may be used upon the typebar, and all the types may be impressed noiselessly upon the platen, by the same toggletrain, working in the same way; the toggle-train having only one point of connection (72) to the fixed framing of the machine, and the other points of connection (63. 69) being to the type bar itself, one point (69) being at the type, and the other point being between the type and the type-bar fulcrum 12.

It w'll be seen that the requirement for compactness in a portable machine is met by employing a system of upstanding type-bars in front of the platen, and contriving not only to form trains of silent impression mechanism for said bars, but also to mount four types upon each bar, and operate each bar by means of two keys. height of the machine need not exceed the usual height for portables, and the distance forwardly from the platen to the keyboard need not exceed the usual distance, and is far less than has been heretofore found to be practicable in noiseless machines in which each printing slide has four types.

The operation of each noiseless type-bartrain The by means of two keys permits compacting the noiseless system of type-bars and toggles in a very small space, considered widthwise of the machine, and gives a much better angle of incidence of the types against the platen than has heretofore been considered practicable in noiseless type-bar portable machines. The provision of the outlying cross-levers connecting all the type-bars to the two outer groups of key-levers, and connecting the middle group directly to the type-bars conduces to compactness, s'mplicity and cheapness, and permits the use of a fullwidth system of parallel key-levers moving in vertical planes, and'also afiords a substantial difference between the order of the types and the order of the keys.

A horizontal cushioned stop 82 may be provided for all the key-levers, for arresting or pre-.

venting undue springing thereof at the conclusion of the down strokes;

In the diagramat Figure 6, the first eleven keylevers form a left-hand outer group, the nexttwenty-one key-levers form a middle group (one for each of the twenty-one type-bars), and the remaining ten key-levers form a right-hand outer group. This figure differs from Figure. 5, inasmuch as in Figure 5 the cross-levers 21 are connected in regular order to the left-hand and right-hand groups of key-levers, while in Figure 6 the order of type-bars is diiferent from the order of key-levers.

The first key-lever q is connected by a lever 21 to the second type-bar. The second key-lever a is connected to the fourth type-bar; thethird key-lever2 is connected to the first type-bar; the fourth key-lever z is connected to the fifth type-bar; and so on, so that the order of keylevers in the left-hand and right-hand groups is entirely different from the order of the types which are printed by said groups of key-levers.

Thus as seen in Figure 6 the forward types (which. are in the upper rows 15 at Figure 2) are arranged in an order dissimilar to the order in which the key-levers of the outside groups are arranged. Said forward types arelarranged inthe order2q3aszwex4do0llp;- c and their type-bars operable by said outside levers are connected directly to the operating toggles 24, 26 to swing ina simplearc. The order of the types 33 (which are lower types at Figure2) iscrf5vtg6byh7nuj8mi k 9 The type-bars for these rear or lower types are connected to their operating toggles 40, 42 by means of the rockable fulcrum-levers 44 and are operable by the central groups of. key-levers to swing and float as described.

This disagreement with the order of the keys in the outside groups is due to the described ir-i regular order of the connections 21, Figure 6.

It will be seen as to each type-bar, that its upper and lower types are not usually printed contrue of v'and s, and also of t and z, and also of b and x, and-h and d, and j and 1; while in many instances a numeralor punctuation-mark or fraction is put upon the same type with an alphabetical letter.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention, and portions of the improvements may be used without others.

Having thus described my invention, I claim: 1. A system of upstanding type-bars pivoted at their lower ends to swing rearwardly in planes converging from front to rear, and having types at their upper ends, a platen about level with the types, a key for eachtype-bar, a lever upon which said key 'is carried, a vertical link connected to each of said key-levers, cross-levers having outer and inner arms, the outer arms connected by said links to the key-levers, operating arms working in the same radial planes with their type-bars, links connecting said cross-levers to said radial operating arms, andradial links extending rearwardly from said operating arms, said type-bars having short arms extending below their fulcrum and articulated to said radial links; said operating arms pulling said radial links upwardly and forwardly and thereby swinging the type-bar to the platen.

2. A system of upstanding type-bars pivoted at their lower ends to swing rearwardly in planes converging from front to rear,- and having types at their upper ends, a platen about level with the types, a key for each type-bar, a lever upon which said key is carried, a vertical link connected to each of said key-levers, cross-levers having outer and inner, arms, the outer arms connected by said links to the key-levers, operating arms working in the same radial planes with their type-bars, links connecting said cross-levers to said radial operating arms, and radial links extending rearwardly from said operating arms,

#said type-bars having short arms extending below their fulcrums and articulated to said radial links, said operating arms pulling said radial links upwardly and forwardly and thereby swinging the type-bar to the platen, the key-levers-being U-shaped, and their pivots extending in transverse lines, one line about level with the keys of the rear bank in the keyboard, and the other line about level with the keys in the front bank, the levers for the front keys being, longer than the levers for the rear keys.

3. A system of upstanding type-bar's pivoted at their lower ends to swing rearwardly in planes converging from front to rear, and having types at their upper *ends, a platen about level with the "types, a key for each type-bar, a lever upon which said key is carried, a vertical link connected to each of said key-levers, cross-levers having outer and inner arms, the outer arms connected by said links to the key-levers, operating arms work ing.in the same radial planes with their typebars, links connecting said cross-levers to said radial operating arms, radial links extending rearwardly from said operating arms, said typebars having short arms extending below their fulcrums and articulated to said radial links, said operatingarms pulling said radial links upwardly and forwardly and thereby swinging the type-bar to the platen, the length of the cross-lever-arms being assorted, to correspond to the points to which they areconnected to the key-levers, to

produce uniform key depressions, hangers to which'said cross-levers are pivoted, a support for said hangers, and a segment upon which the radial operating arms are pivoted and guided, said radial operating arms overhanging the segment, and being of uniform length.

4. The combination of a platen and a system of upstanding radial two-key type-barsin front of the platen and fulcrumed at their lower ends and each carrying types at its top, said types being about level with the platen, means to enable one of the companion keys for each typebar to swing the latter rearwardly about the fulcrum through a simple arc to the platen, to use an upper type thereon, and means to enable the other companion key to swing said type-bar about said same fulcrum and also lift said typebar fulcrum, to bring into action a lower type thereon.

5. The combination ofv a platen anda system of upstanding radial two-key type-bars, in front of the platen and fulcrumed at their lower ends and each carrying types at its top, said types being about level with the platen, means to enable one of the companion keys for each typebar to swing the latter rearwardly about the fulcrum through a simple arc to the platen, to use an upper type thereon, means to enable the other companion key to swing said type-bar about said same fulcrum and also lift said type-bar fulcrum, to bring into action a lower type thereon, said' latter, means including pivoted arms having the fulcrums for the lower -ends of said type-bars, means connected to the other companion key to swing the fulcrum arm to lift the type-bar fulcrum, and means co-operating with'said arm for vibrating the type-bar about the fulcrum rearwardly to the platen as said fulcrum is lifted, to bring into use a lower type onthe type-bar; said army and co-operating means effective to bring the lower type to exactly the same position to which the upper type was brought. r

6. The combination of a platen, a system of,

the platen, levers upon which said type-bars are fulcrumed, keys to swing said levers to shift'the type bars radially, means acting upon the lower portions of the type-bars to restrain them while being shifted radially, so as to'cause the shifting type-bars to swing rearwardly about their fulcrums to the platen, and other keys for swinging said type-bars rearwardly while said levers I are stationary. A 7. In combination, a system of upstanding type-bars having types at their upper ends, an arcuate and radialsystem of levers whereon said type-bars are fulcrumed at their lower ends, radial links articulated at their rear ends to said fulcrum levers, each fulcrum-lever having, one arm for its type-bar fulcrum and an opposite arm for its link, pivoting means for said fulcrum-levers, the latter being concentric with the n arcuate arrayof type-bar fulcrums, means to cooperate with the fulcrum-levers to shift the typebar fulcrums upwardly and at the same time swing said type-bars rearwardly about their fulcrums, said latter means' including radial operating arms to which said links are to actuate said operating arms.

8. In combination, a system'of upstanding typebars having types at their upper ends, an arcuate and radial system of levers whereon said type-bars are fulcrumed at their lower ends, radial links articulated at their rear ends to said fulcrumlevers, each fulcrum-lever having one arm for its type-bar and an opposite arm for its link,

pivoted, and keys pivoting means for said fulcrum-levers, the latter being concentric with the arcuate array of type-bar fulcrums, means to cooperate with the fulcrum-levers to shift the typ ebars upwardly and swing them rearwardly, said latter means including radial operating arms to which said links are-pivoted, keys to actuate said operating arms, each type-bar fulcrum being swung upwardly by its lever at the operation of its key, to elevate the type-bar to bring into use a lower type thereon, and means whereby the rising typebar isjrestrained at its lower end, to cause it to swing about its fulcrum when rising.

9. The combination of asystem of type-bars upstanding in front of the platen and having at their upper ends types about level with the platen and mounted to swing in rearwardly converging planes, a system of levers upon which the typebars are fulcrumed at their lower ends, keydriven normally extended toggles for rocking said fulcrum-levers to shift the type-bar fulcrums upwardly, a separate system of normally extended toggles connected directly to said type-bars to restrain them while rising and thereby cause the type-bars to swing rearwardly about their fulcrums, each type-bar'moving rearwardly to the platen under the control of its moving fulcrum-arm and its extended stationary toggle, and

keys for driving the toggles in the second set to upstanding in front of theplaten and having at their upper ends types about level with the platen and mounted to swing in rearwardly converging planes, a system of levers upon which the typebars are fulcrumed at their lower ends, key-driven v normally extended toggles for rocking said fulcrum-levers to shift the type-bar fulcrums upwardly, a separate system of normally extended toggles connected directly to said type-bars to restrain them while rising and thereby cause the type-bars to, swing rearwardly about their ful-- crums, each type-bar moving rearwardlyv to the platen under the control of its moving fulcrumarm and its extended stationary toggle, keys for driving the toggles in the second set to swing the type-bars rearwardly while said fulcrum-levers are held stationary by the first set of toggles, each toggle remaining stationary in extended condition while the other tog le for the same typebar is active, a returning spring for each of said toggles, and stops against which the springs normally hold the toggles in extended locking positions, whereby each toggle affords a support during the operation of the type-bar by the other toggle; each toggle operating either as a lock or as an operator at each operation of the type-bar.

' 11. The combination with a platen, of a system of type-bars upstanding in front of the'platen and having types at their upper ends, a radial system I of levers, a segment whereon said levers are pivoted and guided, said levers having fulcrums for said type-bars, a set of operating toggles extending forwardly from said levers and including a set of links and a set of key-driven radial operating arms to which said links are pivoted, said toggles normally extended and holding said fulcrum-levers against rocking, said type-bars having short arms, anda second set of normally extended toggles including links extending forwardly from said short arms and also including .a

set of key-driven operating arms to which such links are pivoted, said first set of toggles normally extended and holding the fulcrum-levers stationary while the type-bars are swung in simple arcs by the second. set of toggles, and the second set of toggles being normally extended and guiding the short arms of the type-bars as the latter are lifted by their fulcrum-levers.

12.' Machine constructed according to claim 11, having a returning spring for each of said operatingarms; said fulcrum-levers disposed at the rear of the segment, the toggles in the first set having a shoulder upon each toggle for correcting the position of the companion toggle.

15. A system of keys, a system of two-key typebars upstanding front of the platen and pivot-- ed at their lower ends to swing rearwardly against the platen, and trains connecting said keys to the type-bars and each including a lever having an arm to which the type-bar is pivoted, each train also including radial normally extended operating toggles, one-ofwhich is flexed by one key for each type-bar to rock said lgver and lift the type-' bar while the companion operating toggle remains in normal extended condition and takes part in swinging the type-bar about its pivot, thereby causing said type-bar tofloat upwardly and rearwardly as said lever is rocked, the companion key being connected to flex its operating toggle and thereby swing the type-bar in a simple are without rocking said lever; each toggle when idle serving as a support or lock-for co-op- .eration with the active toggle.

16. A system of keys, a system of two-key typebars upstanding in front of the platen and pivoted at their lower ends to swing rearwardly.-

against the platen, and trains connecting said keys to the type-bars and each including a lever having an arm to which the type-bar is pivoted,

each train also including radial normally extend- I ed operating toggles, one of which is flexed by one key for each type-bar to rock said lever and lift the type-bar while the companion operating toggle remains in normal extended condition and takes part in swinging the type-bar about its pivot and thereby causes said type-bar to float upwardly and rearwardly as said lever is rocked, the

companion key being connected to flex its operating toggle and thereby swing the type-bar in a simpleare; each toggle when idle' serving as a support or look for co-operation with the active toggle,, each toggle "having a shoulder effective when one toggle is flexed for forcingthe other toggle to extended position.

1'7. The combination of a type-bar having types 'fixed upon one end thereof, a. levenmounted upon a fixed support, said lever being pivoteddirectly to the other end of said type-bar,- companion keys, and means connecting said keys to said type-bar and lever and effective to swing said v type-bar about said pivot when one key is operated, but effective to swing said type-bar about said pivot and, also to shift the lever when the companion key is operated.

lever and effective to swing said type-bar about said pivot when one key is operated, but-effective to swing said type-bar about said pivot and also fixed upon one end thereof, a lever mounted upon a fixed support, said lever being pivoted directly to the other end of said type-bar, companion keys, means connecting said keys to said type-bar and lever and effective to swing said type-bar about said pivot when one key is operated, but effective to swing said type-bar about said pivot and also to shift the lever when the companion key is operated, and an impression-toggle pivoted at one end to the type-end of the type-bar and pivoted at the other end to a fixture.

20.- The combination of a type-bar having types fixed upon one end thereof, a lever mounted upon a fixed support, said lever being pivoted directly to the other end of said type-bar, companion keys, means connecting said keys to said type-bar and lever and effective to swing said type-bar about said pivot when one key is operated, but effective to swing said type-bar about said pivot and also to shift the lever when the companion key is operated, an impression-toggle pivoted at one end to the type-end of the type-bar and pivoted at the other end to a fixture, and a flying weight to extend said toggle and effect the type-impression.

21. The combination with a type-bar, of a lever pivoted to a fixed support and having a fulcrum for said type-bar, companion keys, means connecting said keys to said type-bar and effective to swing said type-bar about said fulcrum when one key is operated, but effective to swing said typebar about said fulcrum and also to shift the fulcrum when the companion keyis operated, an impression-toggle pivoted at one end to the free end of the type-bar and pivoted at the other end to a fixture, and a second toggle pivoted at one end to the impression-toggle, and pivoted at the other end to the type-bar between its type and its fulcrum.

22. The combination of a type-bar having types fixed upon one end thereof, a lever mounted upon a fixed support, said leverbeing pivoted directly to the other end of said type-bar, companion keys, means connecting said keys to said type-bar and lever and effective to swing said type-bar about said pivot when one key is operated, but effective to swing said type-bar about said pivot and also to shift the lever when the companion key is operated, and an impression-linkage connecting said type-bar to a fixture, the types on said bar being equally distant from the point of pivoting of said impression linkage to said fixture when said linkage is extended. 7

23. The combination with a type-bar having upper and lower types, of a lever pivoted to a fixed support and having a fulcrum for said typebar, companion keys, means connecting said keys to said type-bar and effective to swingsaid typebar about said fulcrum when one key is operated to print with the upper type, but effective to swing said type-bar about said fulcrum and also to shift the fu'lcrum'when the companion key is operated to print with the lower type, and an impression-linkage connecting said type-bar to a fixture, the types on said bar being equally distant from the point of pivoting of said impressionlinkage to said fixture when the linkage is extended, and said fulcrum-lever being co-operable withsaid means to float the type-bar to bring the lower type thereon accurately to printing position.

24. The combination of a platen and a system of upstanding radial two-key type-bars in front of the platen and fulcrumed at their lower ends and each carrying types at its top, :said types being about level with'the platen, means to enable one of the companion keys for each type-bar to swing the latter rearwardly through a simple arc to the platen, to use an upper type thereon, means to enable the other. companion ,key to swing and also lift the type-bar, to bring into action a lower type thereon, and silent impressiondevices connecting said type-bars to a fixture, and effective at all type-bar operations.

25. The combination of a platen and a system of upstanding radial two-key type-bars in front of the platen and fulcrurned at their lower ends and each carrying types at its top, said types being about level with the platen, means to 'enable one of the companion keys for each type-bar to swing the latter rearwardly through a simple arc to the platen, to use anupper type thereon, means to enable the other companion key to swing and also lift the type-bar to bring into action a lower type thereon, said last-mentioned means including pivotedarms having fulcrums for the lower ends of said type-bars, means connected to the other companion key to swing the fulcrum-arm to lift the type-bar, and means cooperating with said arm for vibrating the typebar rearwardly to the platen, to bring into use a lower type on the type-bar; said arm and cooperating means effective to bring the lower type to exactly the same position to which the upper type was brought, and silent impression-devices connecting said typebar's to a fixture, and effective at all type-bar operations, and including a set of flying weights brought into motion by the type-bars and serving to impress the types upon the work-sheet.

26. The combination of a platen, a system of upstanding radial type-bars in front of the platen having fulcrums at their lower ends, each carrying types at its top at about the levelof the platen, levers upon which said type-bars are fulcrumed, keys to swing said levers to shift the type-bars radially, means acting upon the lower portions of the type-bars to restrain them while being shifted radially, so as to cause the shifting type-bars to swing rearwardly about their fulcrums to the platen, and other keys for swinging said type-bars rearwardly while said levers are stationary, and silent impression-devices connecting said type-bars to a fixture, and effective at all type-bar operations, and including impression-toggles pivoted to the type-bars between the types thereon, and pivoted at their forward ends 27. In combination, a system of upstanding type-bars having types at their upper ends, an arcuate and radial system of levers whereon said type-bars are fulcrumed at their lower ends, ra-

dial links articulated at their rear ends to said fulcrum-levers, each fulcrum-lever having one arm for its type-bar and an opposite arm for its link, pivoting means for said fulcrum-levers, the latter being concentric with the arcuate array of type-bar fulcrums, means to co-operate with the fulcrum-levers and links to shift the type-bars upwardly and swing them rearwardly and inon, and means whereby the rising type-bar is rein front of a platen and pivoted at their lower strained at its lower end, to cause it to swing when rising, silent impression-devices connecting said key-levers divided into a middle group and two flanking groups, the middle group having a lever for every type-bar, and means connectingthe flanking groups of levers to the same typebars.

29. A narrow system of upstanding type-bars in front of a platen and pivoted at their lower ends and carrying types at their upper ends, a wide system of type-bar-operating key-levers, said key-levers divided into a middle group and two flanking groups, the middle group having a lever for every type-bar, type-bar-operating toggles, to which the key-levers in said middle group are directly connected, the ,width of the middle group of key-levers being substantially equal to the width of the system of operating toggles, and means connecting the flanking groups of levers to the same type-bars.

30. A narrow system of upstanding type-bars in front of a platen and pivoted at their lower ends'and carrying types at their upper ends,,a wide system of type-bar-operating key-levers, said key-levers divided into a-middle group and two flanking groups, the middle group having a lever for every type-bar, a system of operating togglesincluding two rows of key-driven arms, the levers of said middle group being connected to the arms in one row, and means connecting the levers to the arms in the other row.

3-1. A narrow system of upstanding type-bars in front of a platen and pivotedat their lower ends and carrying types at their upper ends, -a wide system of type-bar-operating key-levers, said key-levers divided into a middle group and two flanking groups, the middle group having a lever for every type-bar, a system of operating toggles including two rows of key-driven arms,

the leversvof said'middle group being connected to the arms in one row, and means connecting the flanking levers to the arms in the other row,

said rows of arms being-one above the other, and

the key-levers in the middle group being connected to the arms in the lower row.

v 32. A narrow system, of upstanding type-bars in front of a platen and pivoted at their lower ends and carrying types at their upper ends, a wide system of type-bar-operating key-levers, said key-levers divided into amiddle group and two flanking groups, the middle group having a lever for every type-bar, a system of-"operating toggles including two rows of key-driven arms, the levers of said middle group being connected to the arms in one row, and means connecting the flanking levers to the arms in the other row, said rows of arms being one above the other, and the key-levers in the middle group being connected to the arms in the lower row, the levers in I the flanking groups being connected to the operating arms in the upper row.

endsand carrying types at their upperrends, a

said key-levers divided into a middle group and two flanking groups, the middle group having a lever for every type-bar, a system of operating toggles including two rows of key-driven arms, the levers of said middle group being connected to the arms in one row, other connections including outlying cross-levers, half of them extending from the upper. arms to the left and half towards the right, and links connecting the cross-levers to the flanking groups of key-levers and to the other operating arms.

34. The combination of a system of parallel key-levers divided into a middle group and two flanking groups, a system of type-bars, the levers of the middle group being equal to the number bf type-bars, pull-links connected to the levers in the middle group, a set of radial operating arms connected to said pull-links, supporting .means for .said operating arms, links extending from said operating arms, said links and arms forming extended type-bar-operating toggles working in the radial planes of the type-bars, and means connecting the flanking groups of keylevers to the type-bars.

35. A system of type-carriers, each having types thereon, a system of key-levers, half of said key-levers forming a middle group and being connected to all of said type-carriers, a keyboard having four banks, said middle group of keylevers carrying keys in all four banks, the remaining key-levers being divided to form two flanking groups, and trains including crosslevers connecting the key-levers in the flanking connected to all of said type-carriers, a keyboardhaving four banks, said middle group of key-levers carrying keys in all four banks, the remaining key-levers being divided to form two flanln'ng groups; and trains including crosslevers connecting the key-levers in the flanking groups to all the type-bars, there being twentyone type-bars,- twenty-one' key-levers in the middle group, eleven key-levers -in one of the flanking groups, ten key-levers in the other flanking group, and twenty-one cross-levers.

3'7. A narrow system of upstanding type-bars in front of a platen and pivoted at their lower ends and carrying types at their upper ends, and two sets of operating toggles for said type-bars, r'the toggles in one set serving as locks for cooperation with the toggles in the other set when the latter are actuated, said toggles including operating arms, one set of operating arms above the other, and the lower operating arms being directly connected to the y-levers of the middle group; the upper opera ingarms being crossconnected to the key-levers in one flanking group and the remainder being cross-connected to the key-levers in the other flanking group by means of divergent groups of cross-levers.

38. A radial type-bar and operating-train sysem-and a key-lever system which is much wider han the type-bar system and which is divided into three groups, the, middle group being about the same width as the type-bar and operatingwide system of type-bar-operating key-levers,-

train system, and being connected directly thereto, the flanking groups extending at each side groups of cross-levers to all said radial operating trains.

39. A radial type-bar and operating-train system and a key-lever system which is much wider than the type-bar system and which is divided into three groups, the middle group being about the same width as the type-bar and operatingtrain system, and being connected directly thereto, the flanking groups extending at each side far beyond the type-bar and operating-train system and connected by right-hand and lefthand groups of cross-levers to all said radial 'operating trains, each type-bar being operable by two keys, each of which is remote from the other, one key being in the middle group and the other key being in one of the flanking groups.

40. A narrow system of upstanding type-bars in front of a platen and pivoted at their lower ends and carrying types at their upper ends, a wide system of type-bar-operating key-levers, said key-levers divided into a middle group and two flanking groups, the middle group having a lever for every type-bar, a system of operating toggles including two rows of key-driven arms, the levers of said middle group being connected to the. arms in one row, and means connecting the flanking levers to the arms in the other row, the lower operating arms being in proximity to the key-levers in the middle group, and belowtheir support, and the cross-levers the upper set of operating arms.

41. The combination of a system of type-bars upstanding in front of the platen and having at their upper ends types about level with the being above platen and mounted to swing in rearwardly converging planes, a system of levers upon which the type-bars are fulcrumed at their lower ends, key-driven normally extended toggles for rocking said fulcrum-levers to shift the type-bars upwardly, a separate system of normally extended toggles connected directly to said type-- bars to restrain them while rising and thereby cause the type-bars to swing rearwardly, each type-bar moving rearwardly to the platen under the control of its moving fulcrum-arm and its extended stationary toggle, keys for driving the toggles in the second set to swing the type-bars rearwardly while said fulcrum-levers are held stationary by the first set of to gles; each toggle remaining stationary in extended condition while the other toggle for the same type-bar is active, and a radially-slotted segment upon which said fulcrum-levers are mounted at the rear, the operating toggles extending forwardly, one set above said segment and the other set below said segment, the toggles in one set crossing the toggles in the other set, and including key-driven operating arms at their forward ends, said operating arms forming two sets one set above the other.

42. A system of two-key type-bars upstanding in front of a platen and pivoted at their lower ends in an arc to simply swing about the pivot toward the platen or to shift and at the same time swing about the same pivot, and said type-bars having type-heads at their upper ends, and impression-toggles connecting the type-heads to a stationary member of the machine, each typehead having four types, all of which, when the impression-toggle is extended, coincide with an arc struck from the point of the pivoting of the impression-toggle to the fixture, the toggle of each type-bar being shiftable with the type-bar but having substantially the same extension and therefore substantially the Same prin ing e fect when the type-bar is operated by either of its keys. 43. The combination of a system of upstanding key-controlled fulcrumed type-bars pivoted at their lower ends and carrying types at their up 7 per ends, a platen about level with the upper ends of the type-bars, the latter working in planes which converge rearwardly, and impression-devices for said type-bars, said impression-devices each including a normally folded impression-toggle pivoted at its rear end to the top portion of its type-bar, and pivoted at its forward end to a fixed support in the machine, said impressiontoggle being extended when the type is in printing position, and each impression-device also including a transmission-toggle which is pivoted at one end to said impression-toggle and at the other end to the type-bar between the type and fulcrum of the latter, said impression-toggle having a weight, and transmitting the momentum of the weight to the impression-toggle, to impress the type'silently against the platen.

44. Machine constructed according to claim 43, in which the compound toggle is arranged in respect to the type-bar so that it is extended by force derived from the type-bar.

45. Machine constructed according to claim 43, in which said weight is fixed upon an arm which is pivoted to the type-bar,- said arm projecting forwardly from the type-bar between its ends and above the segment to which the type-bars are connected at their lower ends, all four members of each compound toggle operating in the same radial plane with its type-bar, and a spring-finger upon the type-bar which is flexed by the compound toggle and acts upon the same to start the re-folding operation, and a returning spring from the type bar.

46. Machine constructed according to claim 43, in which each of said type-bars has four types thereon, each impression-toggle being pivoted to its type-bar at a point about midway of the four types, said types coinciding with an arc struck from the fixed pivot of the extended impressiontoggle, key-operated levers upon which said typebars are fulcrumed at their lower ends, and means co-operating with said fulcrum-levers to float the type-bars upwardly.

47. A system of two-key type-bars upstanding in front of a platen and pivoted at their lower ends in an arc and having type-heads at their. upper ends, impression-toggles connecting the type-heads to a stationary member of the machine, transmission toggles connecting the impression-toggles to the type-bars, each type-head having four types, all of which, when the compound toggle formed by the transmission toggle and impression-toggle is extended, coincide with an arc struck from the point of the pivoting of the impression-toggle to the fixture, and means for calling the compound toggle into eflective action for either a swinging motion of the type-bar through a simple are or a bodily rising and swinging motion of the type-bar, the compound toggle having only one pointlof connection with the fixed frame of the machine, and two points of connection with the type-bar.

48. A system of two key type-bars upstanding in front of a platen and pivoted at their lower ends in an arc and having type-heads at their upper ends, and impression-toggles connecting the type-heads to a stationary member of the machine, each type-head having four types, all of which, when the impression-toggle is extended, coincides with an arc struck from the point of the pivoting of the impression-toggle to the fixture, the toggle of each type-bar having substantially the same printing efiect when the type-bar is operated by either of its keys, each type-bar being provided with lower case letters or characters which are not usually operated in immediate succession, so that no type-bar will usually be called into operation to make an uninterrupted succession of type-impressions on the work-sheet.

49. A narrow system of upstanding type-bars in front of a platen and pivoted at their lower ends and carrying types at their upper ends, a wide system of type-bar-operating key-levers, said key-levers divided into a middle group and two flanking groups, the middle group having a lever for every type-bar, a system of operating toggles including two rows of key-driven arms, the levers of said middle group being connected to the arms in one row, other connections including outlying cross-levers, half of them extending from the upper arms to the left and half towards the right, and links connecting the crosslevers to the flanking groups of key-levers and to the upper operating arms, the outlying crosslevers being arranged out of alphabetical order with respect to their key-levers.

50. A radial type-bar operating-train system and a key-lever system which is much wider than the type-bar system and which is divided into three groups, the middle group being about the same width as the type-bar and operating-train system, and being connected directly thereto, the

flanking groups extending at each side far beyond the type-bar and operating-train system and connected by right-hand and left-hand groups of cross-levers to all said radial operating trains, the alphabetical order of the types which are operated by key-levers in the middle group agreeing with the keys in that group, but the order of the cross-levers being out of alphabetical correspondence with the order of their key-levers.

51. A radial type-bar operating-train system and a key-lever system which is much wider than the type-bar system and which is divided into three groups, the middle group being about the same width as the type-bar and operating-train system, and being connected directly thereto, the flanking groups extending at each side far beyond the type-bar and operating-train system and connected by right-hand and left-hand groups of cross-levers to all said radial operating trains, each type-bar being operable by two keys, each of which is remote from the other, one key being in the middle group and the other key being in one of the flanking groups, the type-bars having upper and lower rows of types, the order of types in the upper row upon the type-bars being 0 r t 5 vtg6byh'1nuj8mik9,andtheorder of the lower types upon the type-bars, which are connected to the cross-levers, being 2 q 3 a s z w ex4do0.1p;-/ /z.

BURNHAM C. STICmY.