US1949741A - Calculating machine - Google Patents

Description

March 6, 1934. c, M, FRIDEN 1,949,741

CALCULAT ING MACHINE Filed June 2a, 1928 a Sheet-Sheet 1 1 INVENTOR Carj/ M E Fr'lden WWW & A TTORNEYS I March 6, 1934.

C. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed June 23, 1928 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIE E F15 CE IN VEN TOR Car-f M- E FP/a'err A T'I'ORNEYS 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 A TTORNEYS w WW LE w I c X? Q Q 7 1| 0 mmh March 6, 1934. c. M F. FRlDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed June 23, 1928 March 6, 1934. c. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed June 23, 1928 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVEN TOR By Car M. E Friden ATTORNEYS March 6, 1934.

c. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed June 23, 1928 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 Hide/1 WA/Mg mm Car/ INVENTOR M BY A TTORNE YS Match 6, 1934.

v c. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed June 25, 1928 F1 F5 E Fi -5]; FlE l|:1

INVENTOR Carl M- E fiv'den Mfdfj A TTORNE YS March 6, 1934. c M F F EN 1,949,741

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed June 23, 1928 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 FIE- ll- IN VEN TOR Y Carl F Figs/1 M 221 ATTORNEYS March 6, 1934. c. M. F. FRIDEN 9,

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed June 25, 1928 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 INVENTOR Car M.F: Fmderr Wwiz/ A TTOR NE YS Patented Mar. 6, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

Marchant Calculating Machine Company,

Emeryville, Calif., a corporation of California Application June 23, 1928, Serial No. 287,679

12 Claims.

The invention relates to calculating machines for use in performing problems in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

An object of the invention is to provide a small and compact, hand operated. calculating machine capable of performing problems in the four cardinal calculations. 1

Another object of the invention is to provide a calculating machine of a simple and sturdy construction, to permit quantity production at low cost, while maintaining the accuracy necessary in a successful calculating machine.

Another object of the invention is to provide a calculating machine of the keyboard type, provided with improved means for controlling the locking and the release of the depressed keys.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved actuator construction, in which the product register actuator and the multiplier register actuator are coaxial and, further, to provide means for reversing the relative directions of rotation of the two actuators.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved form of zero resetting mechanism for the product and multiplier register.

The invention possesses other advantageous features some of which, with the foregoing, will be set forth at length in the following description, Where I shall outline in full that form of the invention which I have selected for illustration in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification. In said drawings I have shown one form of calculating machine embodying my invention, but it is to be understood that I do not limit myself to such form, since the invention, as set forth in the claims, may be embodied in a plurality of forms.

Referring to said drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of 'a calculating machine embodying means for shifting the carriage and the means for reversing the direction of rotation of one actuator with respect to the other.

Figure 3 is a section taken through the axis of the shaft of the actuator reversing mechanism.

Figure 4 is a vertical longitudinal section through the calculating machine showing the means for controllingthe locking and the release of the depressed keys.

Figure 5 is a vertical longitudinal section through the machine showing the means for locking the selecting elements of the actuator in set position and for controlling the locking means.

Figure 6 is a vertical longitudinal section through the calculating machine showing a row of value keys and the means for transferring the value represented by the depressed keys to the 0 associated selecting element of the actuator.

Figure '7 is a perspective view of the locking bar for locking the depressed key holding latches. Figure 8 is a part elevation, part vertical section, of the two part actuator, one actuator part comprising the ordinal registration members and the tens carryingniembers for cooperation with the product register, and the other actuator part comprising the tens carrying members and the ordinal registration members which cooperate Figure 13 is a section taken on the line 13-13, 8

Figure I1.

Figure 14 is a section taken on the line 14-44, Figure 11. Figure 15 is a detail of the driven member of the selecting clutch which operates the zero re- 9 setting mechanism.

Figure 16 is a side elevation, Figure 17 is a front elevation, and Figure 18 is an opposite side elevation, of the driving member of the zero resetting mechanism clutch.

Figure 19 is an elevation of the carriage shifting mechanism.

Figure 20 is a plan view of the carriage shifting mechanism and the means for positioning the carriage in its proper relation to the operating units of the actuator.

The calculating machine shown in the drawings is of the reversible cycle type and includes an actuator which is rotatable in either direction from full cycle position, to assist calculation.

The machine comprises two actuators, a product m register actuator, and a multiplier register or quotient register actuator. The product register actuator includes ordinal registration members which cooperate with the numeral wheels of the product register, and selecting elements, which merical orders.

are selectively adjustable to determine the extent of the operation of the ordinal registration member on the numeral wheels of the product register.

The product register actuator is also provided with tens carrying members. The multiplier or quotient register actuator comprises a single tooth ordinal registration member and tens carrying members. The numeral wheels of the product register and the numeral wheels of the multiplier or quotient register are arranged on a carriage which is movable transversely on the calculating machine to permit direct action of the actuators upon the numeral wheels of different nu- The actuator is rotated by a hand crank, which is rotatable in either direction from full cycle position. The calculating machine comprises a suitable frame, including the side plates 2 and 3, between which, and on which, the various devices entering into the construction of the entire machine, are mounted. The machine includes a product register actuator comprising a plurality of selecting elements, ordinal registration members, and tens carrying members. The selecting elements and ordinal registration members are constructed in accordance with the disclosure in my United States Patent No. 1,524,924, issued February 3rd, 1925. The product register actuator is mounted on a shaft 5, which is journalled in the side plates 2 and 3, the ordinal registration members being secured to the shaft to rotate therewith, and the selecting elements being rotatably mounted on the shaft so that they may be positioned with respect to the shaft and so that they may be held stationary during rotation of the shaft.

The tens carrying members, or pins 6, are carried by the ordinal registration members. Each selecting element, '7, which is provided with a cam 8, which controls the projection and retraction of the actuating slide of the ordinal registration member, is provided with a gear 9, which meshes with a curved rack 12 formed on the end of the lever 13, fulcrumed on the shaft 14, there being one lever 13 for each selecting element '7.

Values are introduced into the actuator by moving the selecting elements '7 to selected positions and in the present construction, this is accomplished by the depression of keys which are associated with and determine the movement of the lever 13 and, consequently, the movement of the selecting element '7. Associated with each selecting element is a row of value keys, comprising nine keys, numbered from one to nine, consecutively, and a clearance or zero key. The clearance key 16 is usually rranged at the front of the row, behind which the numeral keys 17 are disposed in consecutive order. Below the stems 18 of the keys 1'7, and in cooperation with the stems, is a duplex lever 21, 22, which is connected at its rear end with the lever 13. The lever 21 is fulcrumed on the bracket 23 and the lever 22 is fulcrumed on the bracket 24, and the two levers are connected intermediate their ends by the slot and pin 25. Depression of any key 17 rocks the lever 22 a distance corresponding to the value of ment of the slide, against the pressure of the spring 29, will cause the release of the depressed key 17. The clearance key 16 is provided with a longer cam member 31, which will cause backward movement of the slide 26, but which will not engage under the slide. The spring 29 is disposed between the key frame 32 and the turned up lip 33 on the front end of the slide 26. Means are provided for locking the slides 26 against releasing movement during the time that the actuator is out of full cycle position and other means are employed for moving the slide during the rotation of the actuator, for the purpose of releasing the depressed keys, and these means will be hereinafter described.

For the purpose of convenience in construction, the actuator shaft is formed in two parts, 5 and 5A, the part 5A constituting an extension of the part 5. To accomplish the connection of the two shafts, the shaft 5 is provided on one end with a socket 34, into which the end of the shaft part 5A extends, this shaft being provided with a slot to receive a pin 35 whereby the two shaft parts are rotatably secured together.

Mounted on the shaft part 5A, by the roller bearings 36, is a hollow shaft 37, to which are secured the tens carrying units 38 of the multiplier register actuator and the single toothed ordinal registration member 39 of the multiplier register actuator.

The actuators are rotated by a hand crank 42, which is provided with a gear 43 meshing with the gear 44, which in turn meshes with the gear 45, secured to the shaft 5A. The crank 42 is rotatable in either direction from full cycle position to rotate the shaft 5A in either direction.

Means are provided for causing the shaft 5A and 37 to rotate in the same or in opposite direction. In performing calculations in division, the two shafts rotate in the same direction, whereas in performing calculations in multiplication, the two shafts rotate in opposite directions. Secured to the hollow shaft 37, adjacent the gear 45, is a gear 46 of the same tooth pitch. J ournalled on a stub shaft 47, mounted in the side plate 3, is a gear 48 (Fig. 3) which is in mesh with the gear 45. Mounted on the stub shaft 4'7 is a rocking arm 49 carrying a gear 51, meshing with the gear 48, and adapted, on the rocking of the arm 49, to move into and out of engagement with the gear 46. Mounted on the arm 49 on the other side of the fulcrum from the gear 51, is a gear 52 which is of sufficient Width to simultaneously engage both gears and 46. Means are provided for rocking the arm 49 to bring the gear 52 into mesh with the gears 45 and 46, at which time the gear 51 is out of engagement with the gear 46, or to bring the gear 51 into engagement with the gear 46, at which time the gear 52 is out of engagement with the gears 45 and 46. When the gear 52 is in engagement with the gears 45 and 46, it is evident that the shafts 5 and 37 will rotate in the same direction and when the gear 51 is in engagement with the gear 46, it is evident that the shafts 5 and 3'7 will rotate in opposite directions.

The rocking arm 49 is rocked to set position by the keys 54 and 55, designated respectively, the multiplier key and the division key; the stems of these keys are provided with shoulders and extend through slots in the top plate 56 of the keyboard and the stems are pivoted at their lower ends to the rocking lever 57, which is connected by the link 58 to the rocking arm 49. The key stems are urged toward the side on which the shoulders occur by the springs 61 and 62, so that when one key is depressed, the shoulder of the other key overlies the top plate 56, holding the locking lever 57 in set position. Means are provided for preventing the rocking lever 57 from coming to rest in said center position, this means comprising a compression spring 63, which serves to throw the rocking lever to either of its ex-= treme positions, as it passes through said center. When the machine is to be employed in solving problems in division, the key 55 is depressed and when the machine is to be used in solving problems in multiplication, the key 54 is depressed, the depression of these keys serving to actuate the reversing mechanism interposed between the product register actuator and the multiplier or quotient register actuator.

On rotation of the product register actuator, the values entered therein are transferred to the numeral wheels of the product register and, the multiplier or quotient register is actuated by the single toothed actuating element39 and the tens carrying members 38. The numeral wheels comprising the product register and the multiplier or quotient register, are mounted in a carriage which is movable transversely of the calculating'machine to permit direct action of the actuators upon the numeral wheels of different numerical order. The carriage 65 is arranged above and behind the actuators and is provided with a rear plate 66, upon which the registers are mounted and which is slidable in guideways, so that the carriage may readily be shifted. Secured to the back of and spaced from the rear plate 66 is a horizontal rack 67', which is engaged by a pinion 68. The pinion is connected through the gears 69, 71 and 72, with the shaft 73 which extends to the front of the machine, where it is provided with a hand wheel '74. Rotation of the hand wheel causes transverse movement of the carriage.

The carriage is also provided with means for positioning it in proper space position with respect to the actuator units. For this purpose, the plate 66 is provided on its rear surface with a serrated plate 75, the serrations being engaged by a roller '76, carried by the spring pressed lever 77. Therroller serves to hold the carriage in set position, to properly position the carriage and to emphasize the step-by-step spacing of the operating positions of the carriage.

The product register comprises a series of numeral wheels 81 and the multiplier or quotient register comprises a series of numeral wheels 82, the numeral wheels of bothregisters being independently rotatably mounted on the shaft 83. Each numeral wheel is provided on one side with a gear 8% which is in mesh with an intermediate gear 85, which latter gear is engaged by the ordinal registration members and the tens carrying members of the actuators, on rotation of the actuators. The usual tens carrying levers or transfer levers 86 are associated with each intermediate gear 85.

The numeral wheels 81 and 82 are held against free rotation by the spring pressed detent 87, there being one detent associated with each gear 84. The detents are held in engagement with the gear wheels 84 by spring pressed balls 96, the balls associated with the detents of the product register being seated in the rock shaft '88 and the balls 90 associated with the detents of the multiplier or quotient register being seated in-the rock shaft 89, the two rockshafts being in aline-' ment and being separately rockable.

Means are provided for independently resetting the registers to zero. Each numeral wheel 81 and 82 is provided with an inwardly extending tooth 91, spaced slightly from the shaft 83. Seated in the shaft, and partially extending therefrom is a plurality of spring pressed balls 92, there being one ball associated with each numeral wheel. The balls extend outward sufiiciently to engage the teeth 91 and the springs behind the balls are of such strength, that when the numeral wheel is rotated by the ordinal registration member or by the tens carrying member, that the tooth 91 may pass, over the balls by causing compression of these springs. Likewise, when the numeral wheels are restrained against rotation by the detents 87, the balls 92 will pass by the teeth 91 without causing rotation of the numeral wheel. Means are provided for releasing the detents associated with the respective registers, when it is desired to reset the registers to zero, and these releasing means are selectively operable so that operation of the zero resetting operating device in one direction will cause the numeral wheels of one register to be reset to zero, and rotation of the zero resetting operating device in the opposite direction will cause the numeral wheels of the other register to be reset to zero. If the detents associated with the numeral wheels 81 are released, rotation of the shaft 83 will return the numeral wheels 81 to zero position, without moving the numeral wheels 82, and, if the detents associated with the numeral wheels 82 are released, rotation of the shaft 83 will return the numeral wheels 82 to zero position, without rotating the numeralwheels 81. The numeral wheels of the two reg- .lh isters are reset to zero by the hand crank 93 and, means are provided whereby rotation of the hand crank in one direction, will release the detents associated with the numeral wheels of one reg-= ister, to permit the numeral wheels to be returned 115 to zero, and rotation of the hand crank in the opposite direction, will release the detents associated with the other register, to permit the other register to be returned to zero. All of the numeral wheels are mounted on the same shaft and rotation of the shaft in one direction returns the numeral wheels of one register to zero and rotation of the shaft in the other direction returns the numeral wheels of the other register to zero. The numeral wheels are stopped in zero position, when they are being reset to zero by the operation of the crank 93, by contact of a single toothed element 94, secured to each numeral wheel with the rear end of the transfer or tens carrying lever 86. This construction is well known in the art and .1321) requires no further description here, since numer a1 wheels in many calculating machines, are stopped in zero positions, by the transfer lever.

The hand crank 98 is secured to the shaft 83 on which the numeral wheels of both registers are mounted. Secured to the shaft 83, adjacent one end thereof, is a collar 95 which abuts a sleeve 96 which is rotatable with respect to the shaft 83. Secured to the sleeve 96, and lying adjacent to collar 95, is a disc 97, shown in detail in Figure 15, which disc is provided with two cutout portions 98 and 99, of different lengths, the portion 98 being shorter than the portion 99. Splined to the collar 95, and associated with the disc 97, is a clutch washer 192, shown in detail in Figures 16, 1'7 and 18. The clutch washer is pressed against the disc 9'7 by the spring 103. The clutch washer is provided with a tooth 104 which normally engages in the short cutout portion 98 of the disc, and is also provided with a cam portion 105 which 150 is normally in engagement with the long cutout portion 99 of the associated disc. The tooth 104 is formed with a gentle slope so that, if the clutch washer is rotated in one direction, it will carry the disc 97 with it in the same direction, whereas if the clutch washer is rotated in the opposite direction, the spring 103 will permit the clutch washer to move away from the disc, so that the clutch washer may be rotated without rotating the disc. The disc 97 remaining stationary, the cam portion 105 rides over the face of the disc, and holds the tooth 104 out of engagement with the face of the disc. If, however, the shaft 83 is rotated in the opposite direction, the tooth 104 engages in the notch 98 and carries the disc with it.

Formed integral with the sleeve 96 is a cam disc 107, which is provided with a recess into which thesector 108 extends. The sector is in mesh with a similar sector 109, which is secured to the rock shaft 89 which controls the detent of the multiplier register. The sector 109 and consequently the shaft 89 are normally held in detent engaging position by the spring 112, bearing against the arm 113 secured to the sector 109. The spring is guided on a pin 114, which is broken away in Figure 13 to disclose the construction of the meshing sectors. Rotation of the cam disc 107, in a clockwise direction, will cause rotation of the sector 108 in a counter-clockwise direction, and rotation of the sector 109 in a clockwise direction, thus rocking the shaft 89 to release the spring pressure on the detent 87, thereby permitting the balls 92 to engage the teeth 91 and reset the numeral wheels 82 of the multiplier register to zero.

At the other end or the shaft 83, the shaft is provided with a similar collar 95A, sleeve 96A, disc 97A, and clutch washer 102A, the tooth on theclutch washer 102Abeing faced in the opposite direction on the clutch washer 102, so that the clutch washer 102 is effective to release one group of detents, when the crank shaft 93 is rotated in one direction, and the clutch washer 102A is effective to release the detents associated with the other register, when the crank shaft 93 is rotated in the opposite direction. In the present construction, rotation of the crank shaft in a clockwise direction returns to zero the numeral wheels of the multiplier or quotient register and rotation of the crank 93 in a counterclockwise direction, returns the numeral wheels of the product register to zero. Formed integral with the sleeve 96A is a cam disc 116, which is provided on its periphery with a recess in which the lever 117 extends, the lever 117 being secured to the shaft 88,. which carries the spring pressed balls 90 associated with the detents of the product register, so that rotation of thedisc 116 frees the detents associated with the numeral wheels 81 of the product register and permits the spring pressed balls 92 associated with these numeral wheels, to rotate the numeral wheels to zero. It is apparent from the above,

that rotation of the shaft 83, on which the numeral wheels are mounted, in one direction, will reset -to zero the numeral wheels of one register without aifecting the numeral wheels of the other register and that rotation of said shaft in the opposite direction will reset to zero the numeral wheels of the other register without affecting the numeral wheels of the first register.

The actuators are normally held in full cycle position by centralizing levers 121 and 122. Secured to each actuator, preferably adjacent the outer ends thereof, is a flat surfaced cam 123 and 124, the centralizing lever 121 cooperating with the cam 123 and the centralizing lever 122 cooperating with the cam 124. Each centralizing lever is provided with a relatively heavy spring 125 and the centralizing levers serve to position the actuators in full cycle position and to hold them in such position.

Means are provided for locking the depressed keys 17 in depressed position, upon the initial -movement of the actuator from full cycle position and, since the centralizing levers are moved synchronously with the movement of the actuators from full cycle position, one of the centralizing levers 122 is employed to actuate the key locking means. Referring to Figure 6, it will be seen that each latching slide 26 is provided adjacent its forward end with a downwardly bent tooth 127. Seated in notches formed in the tongues 24 is a locking bar 128 which is normally held in downward or inoperative position by the spring 129. The locking bar is provided with teeth 131 (Fig. 7) which straddle a tongue 24, to prevent longitudinal shifting of the locking bar. At its end adjacent the post 132, to which the spring 129 is attached, the locking bar is provided with an upturned ear carrying a projecting pin 133. At its other end, the locking bar is provided with a spring 134, attached to another tongue 24, for holding the locking bar in the notches in the tongue. Means are provided for engaging the pin 133, to pull it backward, and thereby rock the locking bar in a clockwise direction, moving it into position behind the downwardly projecting teeth 127, so that the latching slides 26 are locked against backward or key-releasing movement. In the present construction, the locking bar is rocked by the centralizing lever 122, upon movement of the actuator from full cycle position.

Pivoted to the centralizing lever 122 is a bar 136 which is provided at its forward end with an upward projection 13?, which lies in front of and adjacent to the pin 133, when the actuator is in full cycle position. Therefore, when the machine is set to perform problems in multiplication or division, upon the initial movement of the actuator from full cycle position, the projection 137 moves backward, engaging the pin 133 and rocking the locking bar 128 to move it into position behind the teeth 127. In order to prevent jamming or breaking of the machine, in the event that the slides 26 are not properly positioned when the locking bar 128 is rocked, the bar 136 is provided witha resilient extensible coupling 138, the spring forming part of the coupling being of suflicient tension or compression to cause the operation of the locking bar 128 under normal circumstances but, being yieldable, to permit rotation of the actuator, in the event that one or more of the latch slides 26 is not properly positioned.

When the machine is used in performing problems in addition, it is not desired that the depressed keys be locked in depressed position, since it is desired that these keys be released immediately after the ordinal registration action has occurred, and before the actuator reaches full cycle position, to permit the rapid introduction of the next number to be added. For this reason, means are provided for disabling the key latch locking means when the machine is to be used for addition. For this purpose, the machine is providedwith an addition key 142 which is urged upward by the spring 143 and which is provided with a notch 144 engageable with the cover plate 56 to hold the key in de= pressed position. The stem of the key 142 is provided with a laterally extending pin 145, which is disposed in a slot 146 in the bar 136. When the key 142 is depressed, the bar 136 is rocked downward, moving the projection 137 away from the pin 133, so that as the lever 136 oscillates, it does not contact with the pin 133 and consequently does not operate the locking bar 128.

Means are also provided for simultaneously moving all of the key latching slides 26, when it is desired to clear the keyboard. Pivoted on a shaft 147 disposed adjacent the front end of the machine, is a lever 148, having a long vertical leg 149 which lies in front of all of the upturned lips of 33 on the ends of the slides 26. By rocking the lever 148, all of the slides 26 are moved forward, releasing the depressed keys. Two differ= ent means are provided for releasing the keys, one comprising a clearance key which is hand operated, and the other comprising mechanism which is actuated during the rotation of the actuator. Mounted in the machine adjacent its forward end is a clearance key 152 which is pressed upward by a spring 153. The clearance key is provided with a shoulder 154 which overlies the horizontal leg 155 of the lever 146, which arm 155 is normally held in raised position by the spring 156. Downwardpressure on the key 152 therefore rocks the lever 148 to push the key latching slides 26 backward to release the de pressed key.

When the machine is used for performing problems in addition, it is desirable to clear -thev keyboard before the actuator returns to full cycle position and means are provided which are actuated in time with the actuator and which are set in operative position by the depression of the addition key 142, for accomplishing. this purpose. Journalled on a pin'158 projecting'eccentrically from the gear 43, which'is secured to the crank 42, is a rod 159 which is provided at its forward end with a down-turned car 161', which oscillates back and forth as the crank 42 is rotated. Intermediate its end, the bar 159 is mounted on a pin 162 carried by the stem of the addition key 142. When the addition key is in elevated position, the pin 162 positions the ear 161 above the lever 149, so-that as the bar 159 oscillates, it has no function with respect to the lever 1 49. When the addition key 142 is depressed, however, it moves the projection 161 into position in front of the lever 149 so that as the crank is rotated, the projection 161 contacts with and rocks the lever 149 to move the slides 26 to release the depre'ssed keys. The selecting elements of the actuator. which are set by the keys are locked in set position by mechanism to be hereafter described and-the oscillating bar 159 may operate to release the depressed keys at any time after the selecting element lock has become. effective, preferably the parts being constructed that the release of the keys occurs at about half cycle. Each selecting element 7 which 5. As the actuator moves from full cycle position, the arm 168 rides up onto the high part of the cam, rocking the shaft 167 and moving the pawls 166 into engagement with the ratchet 165, looking the selecting elements in position. The length of the low portion of the-cam is such that the selecting elements are locked in position, except when the actuator is adjacent full cycle position. This relatively long period of unlocking of the selecting elements is desirable when the machine is employed in sol'vingproblems in addition, but in multiplication, it is desirable that the se1ecting elementsbe held in locked position at all times, except when the actuator is in full cycle position. Means are therefore provided for adjusting the locking members to accomplish this result. Projectingdownwardly from oneof the pawls 166 is an arm 171 (Figure 5) carrying a pin 172. Arranged adjacent the pin 172 is the upwardly projecting end 173 of the oscillating arm 174 which is fulcrumed on a shaft 175, secured eccentrically to the gear 44. The arm 174 is provided with a pin 176', which rides on the presses the rear arm of the lever 177, the rear arm being shown in its elevated position in Figure 5. When the key 142 is in its elevated position, the lever 177, cooperating with the pin 176, holds the oscillating arm 174 in position so that upon the initial movement of the actuator from full cycle position, the projection 173 engages the .pin 172 and rocks the pawls 166 to-move them into locking engagement with the arcuate ratchet 165 in advance of the time in which these pawls would .be moved by the arm 168. On the return of the crank handle to full cycle position, the parts are returned to the position shown in Figure 5, releasing the holding pawls. When the addition key 142v is depressed, the rear end 177 of the lever is depressed, permitting the oscillating arm 174 to fall, to move the path of the projection 173 from theplane of the pin 172, so that the projection 173 does not function with respect to the locking pawls 166., This construction per mits the desired freedom and earlyrelease of the selecting elements, when the machine is usedfor performing problems in addition, but retains the selecting elements in locked position, substantially continuously, when the machine is employed in solving problems in multiplication, which problems require a multiple rotation df the crank shaft.

I claim:

1. In a calculating machine, two registers, each comprising a series of numeral wheels, a shaft on which the numeral wheels of both registers are rotatably mounted, means carried by the shaft for rotating the numeral-wheels to zero, means associated with each register for restraining the wheels from rotation during operation of the zero resetting means and means operated by selective operation of the shaft for releasing the selected restraining means.

2. In a calculating machine, two registers, each comprising a series of numeral wheels, a shaft on which the wheels of both registers are rotatably mounted and by which they are rotatable, means normally holding the numeral wheels against rotation with the shaft and means operated by selective rotation of the shaft for releasing the selected holding means.

3. In a calculating machine, two registers, each comprising a series of numeral wheels, a shaft on which the numeral wheels of both registers are rotatably mounted, means for independently moving the numeral wheels, detents for restraining the movement of the numeral wheels during rotation of the shaft, and means operated by selective rotation of the shaft for releasing the detents from the numeral wheels of one register and turning said released numeral wheels to zero.

4. In a calculating machine, two registers, each comprising a series of numeral wheels, a shaft on which the numeral wheels of both series are rotatably mounted, a series of spring pressed detents associated with each series of numeral wheels, zero resetting means associated with said shaft, means operated by rotation of the shaft in one direction for releasing one series of spring pressed detents and means operated by the rotation of the shaft in the opposite direction for releasing the other series of spring pressed detents.

5. In a calculating machine, two registers, each comprising a series of numeral wheels, a shaft on which the numeral wheels of both series are rotatably mounted, a series of spring pressed detents associated with each series of numeral wheels, zero resetting means associated with said shaft, means for releasing the detents associated with one register, means for releasing the detents associated with the other register, means actuated by rotation of the shaft in one direction for operating one detent releasing means and means operated by rotation of the shaft in the opposite direction for operating the other detent releasing means.

6. Means for holding the numeral wheels of either of two registers against zero resetting rotation during the zero resetting rotation of the numeral wheels of the other register, comprising the combination of a shaft on which all of said wheels are mounted, means carried by the shaft tending to rotate said numeral wheels, means engaging the said numeral wheels to prevent rotation thereof by the means carried by the shafts and means operated by selective rotation of the shaft for releasing the rotation preventing means associated with the numeral wheels of the selected register.

7. In a calculating machine, two registers, each comprising a series of numeral wheels, a shaft on which the numeral wheels of both series are rotatably mounted, means normally holding the shaft in zero position, means carried by the shaft for moving the numeral wheels to zero position, detents normally restraining the numeral wheels against rotation with the shaft, means ,operated by movement of the shaft in one direction from zero position for releasing the detents of one register and meansoperated by movement of the shaft in the opposite direction from zero position for releasing the detents of the other register.

8. In a calculating machine a series of registering wheels, a rotatable shaft on which said wheels are rotatably mounted, means carried by the shaft for rotating the wheels to zero, means 1 associated with said wheels for preventing rotation thereof with said shaft and means operable by said shaft for disabling the preventing means associated with fewer than all of said wheels, whereby the registration on certain wheels is retained during resetting of the remainder.

9. In a calculating machine, a series of coaxially mounted registering wheels, means for releasably driving said wheels to zero, means associated with said wheels for preventing driving thereof by said means, and means for disabling said preventing means associated with fewer than all of said wheels, whereby the registration on certain of said wheels is retained during resetting of the remainder.

10. In a calculating machine, two registers, each comprising a series of numeral wheels, mechanism supporting said numeral wheels for rotation, a series of spring pressed detents associated cooperatively with each of said series of numeral wheels, zero resetting means associated with said supporting mechanism, and means, operated upon rotation in one direction of the supporting mechanism for releasing the series of spring pressed detents associated therewith, and means operated upon rotation in the other direction of the supporting mechanism for releasing the other series of spring pressed detents.

11. In a calculating machine, two registers, each comprising'a series of numeral wheels, mechanism for supporting said numeral wheels for rotation, means for independently moving the numeral wheels in each of said registers, detents for restraining the movements of the numeral wheels during rotation of the supporting mech- Y

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