US1415174A - horton - Google Patents

Description

A. A. HORTON.

ADDING MACHINE. APPLICATION msu Aus.`3o, i915.

'Patented May 9,1922.

5 SHEETS-SH l- INVENTOR MXQ/AK v d ATTORN EYS WITNESSES Q:

A@ A. HRTON.

ADDING MACHINE- APPLICATION FILED AUG.3D| 19.15.

Patented May 9, 1922;

5 SHEETS-SHEET' 2.

vWITNESSES ATTORNEYS A. A. HOR IUN.

ADDING MACHINE.

.APPLICATIUN FILED AUG-30| 1915. Patented May 9,?1922.

0 N L l C O 0 O H' G 2 2 P E H5 o g Hy l I INVENTOR @w/QM oRNl-:Ys

A. A. HGRTON. 4

kADDING MACHINE` APPLICATION FILED AUG-3Q 1915.

1 ,41 5 174, Patented May 9, 1922. y* 5 SHEES-SHtEI 4.

fg y 0 0V' A. A. HORTON.

ADDING MACHINE- APPLlcAnoN FILED Aue.30. 1915.

Patented May 9, 1922.

5 SHEES-SHEET 5- lIl, Iii.;

@ATTORNEYS WITNESSES UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALL-EN A. HORTON, 0F DETROIT, MICHIGAN. ASSIGNOR TO BUERO'GI-IS ADDING MACHINE COMPANY, 0F DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN.

ADDING MACHINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALLEN A. Hon'roN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Detroit, in the county ot' Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Adding Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates tothe general type of adding machine illustrated in my prior Patent No. 1,016,501 issued February 6, 1912. In this type of adding or calculating machine the numeral wheels are driven by depression of keys as distinguished from that other well-known type sometimes termed key-set and crank-operated. The main object of the present invention is to provide means for resetting an iindividual numeral wheel to zero. It is of course common in machines or' the type in question to reset all of the numeral wheels to zero'when a series of registrations have been completed and it is desired to begin a new series. The present invention has to do more particularly with the correction ot' error in key depression. It is common to provide for this in the other type of machine above mentioned where the correction involves'merely release of an erroneously depressed key. In the type of machine here concerned, however, the depression of a key turns the associated numeral wheel. Consequently correction of an error in key 'depression requires the resetting of that wheel to Zero oiuelse a more or less involved subtraction operation by recourse to complemental adding. Of course resetting ot' all wheels to zero, as commonly practiced in prior machines of this type, might be practiced for purposes of correcting error in key depression, but this would in many instances involve unnecessary'ca-nceling of registrations upon wheels other than that associated with the `erroneously depressed key, and, in the case of the error occurring after a considerable number of operations has been performed in doing a certain calculation, all thework would have lto be done over i again. By my present invention I provide for singling out any one of the wheels and individually resetting it to zero without necessarily vdisturbing any of the other wheels, and thereby correcting an error in key de# pression without'the necessity of doing involved subtraction or of canceling the registrations upon all ot' the wheels. (In case of errors inl key-depression that cause one ory Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed August 30, 19'15. Serial No. 48,008.

more erroneous carries to take place, then the correction wouldof course be less simple though the individual zeroizing keys could still be employed to advantage.) At the same time I make adequate provision for executing a complete canceling or zeroizing operation and I do this by collectively operating the same devices which are individually operated for resetting wheels singly.

Another object of the present invention is to provide for subdividing the machine so that independent accumulations of registered amounts or sums may be carried along in the same machine. In machines of the other type above mentioned this is a familiar practice and is commonly referred to as a split, but in those machines the splitting or subdividing isV usually confined yto the printing or recording department of the machine. I In machines of the type here concerned there is no printing orl recording department, so the splitting or subdividing is done in the accumulating mechanism. yIn carrying out this part of my invention, accordingto the embodiment thereof here shown, I accomplish the splitting or sub-division by use of the same `manipulative means which serve for lator and carry-transmission thereby inter-l rupted so as to separate that right-hand section or subdivision of the accumulator from the section or subdivision beyond or to the left of the said wheel. l'

In the drawings which accompany and form part of this specification Fig. 1 represents in left side elevation with some parts in cross-section, the forward portion of a machine having my invention embodied therein, all parts appearing in normal condition; F ig. 2 is a broken sectionalized plan view of the same portion of the machine; Fig. 3 is a sectionalized front elevation thereof; Fig. 4 is a skeletonized perspective of one group of elements together with certain parts common to the several groups;

and pinions N in CIT ,that herein 'by the actuators Fig. 5 is a view generally similar to Fig. 1 but illustrating the effect of depressing one of the special keys for individually zeroizing a numeral wheel; Fig. 6 is a like view but illustrates the effect of further manipulation of the key for purposes of splitting or subdividing the machine; Fig. 7 is still another view of the same general character but illustrating the effect of ulling forward the zeroizing handle for co lectively resetting the wheels to zero; Fig. 8 is a fragmentary sectional plan view taken substantially on the line 8-8 of Fig. 1; Fig. 9 is a detail sectional elevation of ratchet and pawl driving devices.

While the machine to which my invention relates is of the general type of that disclosed in my above-mentioned patent, the herein disclosed specific embodiment of the invention is one adapted to the peculiar accumulating mechanism of the Gooch Patent N o. 1,128,679 issued February 16, 1915, combined with the overthrow preventing devices of the later Gooch Patent No. 1,150,937 issued Aug. 24, 1915. Furthermore the keydrivenactuator mechanism corresponds with that which is the subject of my prior Patent No. 1,156,600, issued October 12, 1915.

In another prior Patent No. 1,326,504 issued December 30, 1919 I have shown zeroizing mechanism of the same character as shown as regards the collective resetting of wheels to zero. This mechanism provides for the resetting of wheels, not as in the machine of my aforesaid patent by forward turning and successive carry-transmission, but by utilizing the carrying springs to turn thewheels backward to zero. The present invention, according to the present specific embodiment thereof, involves certain modification of that zeroizing mechanism of my just-mentioned patent, whereby a like zeroizing process may be practiced upon a single selected numeral wheel.

The numeral wheels themselves are designated by the reference letter A and, as in the case of the machine of the said Gooch Patent'f1,128,679, sun gears P and cams G are secured to the left-hand sides of said wheels, and oscillating gear carriers L support pinions O in mesh with said sun gears mesh with internal gear The latter are secured to the hubs of other sun gears E with which mesh broad planet gears D which also mesh with internal gears F on the numeral wheels. The reference letter A designates the gears which carry said planet gears D and which are driven from the keys through the medium of transmission gears E2 in mesh with said gears A and having ratchet elements of certain one-Way driving connections, other elements of which are oscillated which the keys operate teeth of discs C.

upon.

The above-mentioned oscillatin gear carriers L intermesh with segments as 1n the construction shown 1n Figs. 10 to 12 of said are applied to forward branches of these levers and store power for effecting carrytransmission from wheel to wheel as de' scribed in detail in said Gooch patent.

Carry transmission from one wheel to another involves a one-fifth rotation of an intermediate gear disc C in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed from the right. The process of zeroizing by backward rotation of a numeral wheel, las here concerned, involves the interposition of a lock to prevent such turning of an intermediate gear disc and involves application of the power stored in the carrying spring J to rotate the numeral wheel to the right of that gear disc backward, by reason of the rolling of the pinion N upon the internal gear as a fixed rack and the consequent rotation of the companion pinion O Yin a clockwise direction and the sun gear P in a counterclockwise direction. In order thatthis action may take place 1t is necessary to disable back-stop and restraining devices which otherwise would prevent backward turning of the numeral wheel, and these I shall later on refer to in detail.

Referring now to the means employed for locking the intermediate gear disc C, each of said discs carries, projecting from its lefthand side, ve equispaced studs or pins e. Levers 2 are pivoted upon a frame cross rod 3 and formed with hooks 2l to engage over said studs, there being one lever 2 for each gear disc. The end edge of each hook 2i is beveled to constitute a cam so that when the upper arm of the lever swings forward the gear disc C will be forced in al clockwise direction to a slight extent swinging the gear carrier L clockwise-and the lever H counterclockwise so as to separate the stud H2 from the periphery of the turning ot' the numeral wheel. The lower arms of said levers 2 have cam slots by which to vibrate the levers, and upon the cross rod 3 there are mounted other levers 4 with similar cam slots in their lower arms and with hooks at the ends of their upper arms t0 coact with lugs A3 on the numeral wheels for preventing, overthrow of the latter". beyond zero position under backward rotation.

The above described locking and overthrow preventing devices are the same as shown and described in my said Patent No. 1,326,504, and the formation of the cam slots is such as to provide for movement of the overthrow preventing levers 4 in advance of the levers 2 in order to avoid any possible interposition of the wheel lugs A3 in the cam and eliminate fricl tion which would interfere with the reverse paths of the hooks 4a. In the construction of said patent there is only collective rocking of the levers 2 and 4, whereas, for the purposes ofthe present invention, one pair of levers 2, 4, may beoperated independently of all of the other levers. This involves modification in the character of the rocking or oscillating structure whereby the levers are vibrated, and I shall next point out the details of this new construction.

A rock shaft S is employed as in the prior constructions but the levers 2 and 4 are not vibrated simply by the cross rod of a bail secured to that rock shaft, as in my lastmentioned patent. rllhere are rigidly secured to that rock shaft a series of arms or fingers 5 which serve the purposes of the bail in my prior construction but which are so related to the said levers that the latter may be Vibrated independently. Thus there is] journalled upon the hub of each arm 5, between that arm and a shoulder of the hub (Fig. 8) another arm .6 which carries a stud or pin 6a projecting to the right under the end portion of the arm 5. A spring 7 coiled around the shaft S is anchored at one end in the arm 5 and at its other end engages under the said pin 6a so as to normally hold the latter against the under edge of said arm 5 as shown in Fig. 7. Obviously this arrangement provides for swinging of the arm 6 independently of the arm 5 in opposition to said spring, and that is what occurs when the associated numeral Wheelis individually reset to zero, whereas when the wheels are collectively Zeroized the arms 5 operate upon the pins 6a. From the opposite or lefthand side of each'arm 6 there projects another pin 6b which occupies the cam slots of the associated pair of levers 2, 4, performing the functionl of the cross rod of the bail in the construction of my last-mentioned application and the further function of that cross rod in insuring a 'zero-setting movement of the associated lever H. Thus said pin 6b is adapted to operate upon the rearwardly extending lower arm H3 of the said lever, as illustrated in Fig. 7. .The rocking of the shaft S for collective zeroizing of the wheels is done through the same sort of con nections as illustrated'in my before mentioned Patent 1,016,501 and in said Gooch Patent 1,128,679, these connections beingindicated by dotted lines in'Fig. 7.

Referring next to the manipulative means for individually zeroizing the Wheels, I employ a set of keys which protrude at the front of the machine, the key for the units wheel being designated by the numeral 8 and those for other wheels by the numeral 8a. These keys operate levers which depress the respective stud-bearing arms 6. The lever for the units order key is designated 8b and that for the higher order keys 8*. The occasion for distinguishing between the units order key and the others is that the latter function also for effecting the split or subdivision whereas of course the units key is not called upon in any such capacity. These levers 8b and 8n are journalled at their rear ends upon a frame cross rod 9 and they extend forward over the rock shaft S being given a goose-neck formation to provide for the necessary degree of depression, said levers at points forward of said shaft being formed with lateral lugs 8d standing over the respective studs or pins 6a, as most clearly seen in Fig. 3.

Obviously the depression of one of the aforesaid levers 8b, 8c will depress the associated arm 6 and thereby rock the levers 2 and 4 and bring about the conditions above described for utilizing the power stored in the spring J for resetting to zero the associated numeral wheel. This condition is illustrated inFig. 5, as also the accompanying disablement of backstop and restraining devices of which I shall next treat.

The before-mentioned ratchet element of each of the transmission gears E2 takes the form of a circular series of lugs or teeth 10 projecting from the right hand side. On the same frame cross rod 11 there is journalled a disc 12 carrying a driving pawl 13 of sufficient w-idth to extend within the circle of said ratchet lugs 10, as shown in Fig. 9. This paw] is pivoted to the disc intermediate its ends and al spring 14 throws its acting end outward into driving engagement with the ratchet lugs, as clearly shown in Fig. 1. The disc is compounded with a driving gear 14 which is in mesh with a segment 15 that may be differentially oscillated by key depression in any suitable manner but preferably by connections of the character shown in my aforesaid Patent No. 1,156,600.

The said ratchet lugs, besides serving as an element of the pawl and ratchet driving means, also serve for back-stopping purposes. There is a pawl 16 pivoted above each gear wheel E2, said pa-wl being preferably of yoke form as to its hub portion. as clearly lseen in Fig'. 2.k The front end of this pawl is designed to engage between the ratchet lugs, as illustrated in Fig. 1, a spring 17 being applied to enforce this engagement which is effective to prevent rotation .of the gear wheel E2 in a clockwise direction and `consequently prevent backward turning of the associated numeral wheel. The rear end 16a of said pavvl is offset out of the plane of the ratchet lugs and-extends into the plane of the right hand portion of the driving pawl 13 for the purpose of disabling that pawl when the numeral wheel is to be turned backward to'zero. l

Thel arrangement for collectively disabling the pawls 16 and thereby the driving pawls 13 is the same as that shown in my said Patent No. 1,826,504. A rock shaft 18 is cut out to form diametrical flat faces overlying the offset rear arms 16- of the pawls 16, as shown in Fig. l. The rocking of said shaft in a clockwise direction will depress these arms of said pawls and not only disengage their forward ends from the ratchet lugs but also cause said offset arms 16 to operate upon the driving pawls and disengage them from the ratchet lugs, as illustrated in Fig. 7. It will be noted that the Zeroizing handle which appears in dotted lines in this vfigure of the drawings and is designated lV is represented as having been drawn forward and it will be recalled that this has the effect of rocking the shaft S in a counterclockwise direction to bring various parts to Zeroizing condition, as hereinbefore eX-l plained. This same rocking of the shaft S rocks the shaft 18. This is accomplished through the medium of a crank arm S on the left-hand end of said shaft S which crank arm carries a roller stud s operating in a cam slot of an arm 20, the latter having a bifurcated upper end which embraces a stud upon a crank arm 18:L secured to the left-hand end of the rock shaft 18.v

Now for the purposes of the individual zeroizing to which the present invention particularly pertains, I make provision for dis# abling a back-stop pawl 16 and companion driving pawl 13 by depression of the key lever which, as before described, serves to individually set parts for effecting backward turning of a single numeral wheel. The units key lever 8? and each of the other key y levers 8c carries a stud 8k which occupies the which is itself slidable cam slot 21a of the upper branch of a bell crank lever 21. The rearwardly extending arm of this lever is pivoted to a plate 22 which is slotted tolengage a guiding frame stud 23 and which has a forwardly and upwardly curved branch 22a underlying a finger 16b which projects forward from thev yoke of the,.backstop pawl 16. Depression of the lever- 8h, as illustrated in Fig. 5, rocks the bell crank lever 21 and elevates the plate 22 with the effect of disengaging the said back-stop pawl and the driving pawl 13 from the ratchet lugs, and thereby releasing the numeral wheel for backward rotation.

The plate 22 serves the further function of disabling certain devices which control the ratchet and pawl driving and driven elements to prevent the driven element from running ahead of the driving element. These devices are disclosed in the aforesaid Gooch Patent No. 1,150,937, and comprise a notched disc 30 secured to the' driving gear 14, and a mutilated pinion 31 coacting with said notcheddisc and compounded with a pinion. 32 which is in mesh with the transmission gear wheel E2. This pinion structure is mounted slidably upon a shaft 34, through its bearings upon the frame of the machine. The purl pose of having the shaft slidable is the same structures by the act of pulling forward the zeroizing handle W. The particular purpose in the present instance of mounting the pinion structures to slide upon said shaft is to provide for any one of said structures being individually displaced laterally. It will of course be understood that the mutilated pinion 31 must not remain in coacting relationship to the notched disc when the associated numeral wheel is to turn backward to zero, becausei-f so the backward turning of said numeral wheel would involve turning of the said notched disc and the driving wheel 14 and action of its key driven connections. The pinion 32 is made of such breadth as to maintainengagement with the transmission gear wheel E2 when the pinion structure has been slid a distance to the left sufiicient to remove the mutilated pinion from the plane of the notched disc.

The arrangement for individually displacing a pinion structure is of the following description, reference being had especially to Fig. 4 and the description being confined to one set of the devices `of whichI lever, has an upwardly extending cam finger 22b adapted to operate upon a horizontally extending finger 40b of the yoke 40. Normally the cam portion of said finger 22? is below the yoke finger 40h, as illustrated in Fig. 4, but when the plate 22 rises said cam port-ion drives the yoke to the left and effects the desired lateral displacement o'f the pinion structure. lThe yoke is preferably guided and steadied in. its shifting movements and prevented from tilting so as to impose undue friction upon the pinion structure by forming it with a lug 40c which occupies an opening in o ne of the division ,plates of the machine frame work, as clearl illustrated in Fig. 4.

It will now be clear that depression of one of the special key levers will remove all restraint to backward rotation of the associated numeral wheel and bring about such rotation by the spring J, supplemented if need be by the positive action of the stud 6b upon the lower rear branch H3 of the carrying lever H in the manner already pointed out. By way of instancing a simple example of the uses of the invention let it be supposed that 444 is registered upon the numeral wheels and that 4 is to be added in the units order but that the user inadvertently strikes the 5 key, raising the registration to 449 whereas it should be raised only to 448.

celled and the calculation done over again, or subtraction would be done ,by way of eomplemental adding, which would consist in depressing all of the 9 keys. The 4correction can be made by the use of the present invention ina much simpler way'than either of those above mentioned. Thus the zeroizing key of the first order would be depressed, turning the units wheel back to' zero and then the 8 key would be depressed. in that order so that the correct registration would thereupon appear. To instance a more difficult situation wherein 'it maybe assumednthat a long series of calculations has been performed and. then errors are made Vcausing erroneous carries to have taken place; let us suppose that the machine has nine rows of Akeys and ten numeral wheels with the usual 9 key only in the tens order, and that after the series of calculations have been performed the wheels read 0.345,678,987 and to this it is desired to add 500,060 but that the operator inadvertently adds 600,040. This of `course would cause several transfer o-r carrying operations to take place. To avoid having to cancel the entire calculation and 'be-gin all over again the correction could be made as follows: by first depressing the individual zeroizing keys in the second and sixth or'- ders, thereby restoring the t-wo wheels iIl those orders to zero; then depressing the 8 key in the second order and the 6 key in the sixth order, replacing the original registrations in those two orders;l then depressing Ithe 5 key in the sixth order and all the 9 keys to the left; and finally depressing the 6 key in the secondorder and all lthe9'keys yto the left; and the correct registration of 0,346,179,047 will result.

It remains to point out how the various yokes 40 are simultaneously shifted when all of the wheels are to be reset to zero. It will be recalled that in such a zeroizing operation the rock shaft 18 acts as illustrated in Fig. 7, motion being imparted to it through the medium of its crank arm 18a. This same crank arm, and a similar one 18c secured to the right hand end of said shaft (Fig. 4) control the sliding shafts 34 and 41. The latter is connected to the shaft 34 by an arm 34 so as to move laterally in unison with said shaft 34. The arms 18a and` 18c have rearwardly extending portions with cam formations 18d and 18 to operate upon ,the end-s of the Shaft 34. Normallyfthe Said.

p Now under the old system' either the entire registration would be canwheel for backward arms are rearward and the shaft 34 is in its right hand position, as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 4, being so held by the offset portion of the arm 18a. Upon the rocking of the shaft 18 the said arms swing forward and the cam portion 18e of the arm 18c operates upon the right-hand end of the shaft 34 as the offset portion of the arm 18a swings past the left-hand end of said,

shaft. This results in'shifting of the shaft to its left-hand position and the other shaft 41 shifts with it. This other shaft ycarries collars 41a (Fig. 2) which engage the several yokes v40 for shifting all of them to the left, and thereby laterally displacing all of the pinion structures. l

Passing now to the matter of splitting or subdividing the machine, the purpose here is to interrupt the carry-transmission at the point where it is desired to divorce one section of the accumulator from the other..1t will be understood that carry-transmission involves the turning of a su-n gear E in a counter-clockwise direction whereby tlie planet pinion D is rotated' on its own axis in a clockwise direction and correspondingly advances the numeral wheel A. This latter result is ensured by preventing backward l wheel A which carries By freeing that gear rotation it may be caused to take up the carry movement so thatthe .latter will be diverted, and therefore dissipated so far as the numeralwheel is concerned. Therefore in order to interrupt the carry-transmission, and thereby split or subdivide the accumulator, I utilize the before described disablement of backstop and driving pawls and overthrow-preventing levices (which disablement results in freeing a planet carrying gear A for reverse turning), and so accomplish the splitting or subdividing, in conjunction with the application of a stop or holding device to the numeral wheel. To this end the keys 8n are pivotally mounted upon the forward ends vof the levers 8c so that in addition to depressing those levers for zeroizing purturning of the gear said planet pinion.

, poses, as hereinbefore explained, any one The stop or holding device supplied for each ofthe other wheels is 1n the form of a` lever 50 journalled upon the frame cross rod 3 and carrying upon its rear upturned end a friction pad50a to engage the peripheryof the numeral wheel. The forwarfJ arm `ofl this lever is turned up in the form of a hook 50b which is adapted to be engaged by a downturped prong 8110i the key 8"f .A

lower branch 8e of said key carries a stud 8f occupying a limiting slot 8g in the lever 8c. A spring 52 is fastened at one end to said stud and at the other to the frame of the machine and normally holds the key rocked forward on its pivot and the lever 8C elevated, as illustrated in Fig. l.

The angular relationship of thekey 8a and its supporting lever 8c is such that direct downward pressure upon the key does not tend to rock it rearward upon its pivot but rather the contrary, so that the lever will be depressed just as though the key were an integral part of it. However, the key may be forced rearward at the will of the operator while the lever 8 'is being depressed or before, with the result of establishing the split. This rearward rocking and depression. of the key causes its prong 8h to lower the forward arm of the lever 50 and force the pad 50a against the periphery of the numeral wheel, as illustrated in Fig. 6.

Preferably as to ensure the engagement of its prong with the brake lever,`and so also to ensure that any registration which the associated wheel may happen to be showing will be preserved.

As it is desirable to provide for maintaining the split adjustment without necessitating continued holding down of the special key, I provide for latching itdown. Thus it has a depending hooked finger 8h which is adapted to engage in a notch 54 of theenclosing casing 55 of the machine.

The wheel-stopping lever 50 is preferably made of fiat metal, as best shown in Fig. 4 and has .sufficient resiliency to' provide for maintainlng pressure of the pad 50kl against the periphery of the wheel, the metal yieldlng somewhat to the force depression of the key when rocked rearward.

is resiliency also permits the slight further`rearward. rocking of the key to engage its hook with the detaining notch. Tfhe stop lever is so proportioned as to release itself by gravity from contact with the wheel but in order to insure its release I form the lower branch 8 of the key 8a with a shoulder 8' to act against' the under side of the lever hook 50b (see Fig. l).

When a kev 8a is used for the purpose of leffecting a split or subdivision of the accumulator it does not lower to the same extent as in the case of izing purposes. This willy be noted upon comparison of Figs. 5 and 6, the former representing the key as depressed for zeroizing and Fig. 6 illustrating it as depressed and rearwardly rocked for splitting or subdividing of the accumulator. From this it follows that the several disabling devices are not moved to the same extent. However they are moved sucently to affect the dis.

the key is rocked rearward ,before depresslng 1ts supporting lever so applied in the,

-ciprocating key-driven the use of the key for zero ablement. Thus the back-stop pawl l5 is rocked sufficiently to fully disengage it from the ratchet lug 10 and the driving pawl 13 is likewise disengaged from a lug of the gear wheel E2. So also is the mutilated pinion 3l shifted suiiiciently to disengage it from the toothed disc 30. ln short the plate 22 is raised far enough to accomplish the necessary disablement of devices which normallyA would revent reverse turning of the gear wheel The hooks 2tl and 4l are not called upon to perform any functions in connection with this splitting or subdividing of the accumulator, so that the circumstance of their not being thrown to their operative positions when a key is used for splitting purposes, is of no consequence.

everting to the subject of backward turning of wheels to zero and utilization of carrying springs for such purpose and the means for positively performing the operation, these positively acting means are ob* viously capable of doing the work to the exi clusion of any spring action, and, under such speed of manipulation as commonly attained and practiced by experienced and skillful users of these machines, the-positive means in question will so act in their direct response to such manipulation. Thus the backward turning of wheels to "zero will be effected by the driving of the studs 6* down against the rearward branches H3 of the carrying levers without the springs J being actually called upon to do any of the work. On the other hand upon a slow pull on the zeroizing handle or slow depression of zeroizing keys, the springs will be in the ascendency and will have effectedi the backward turning of Vwheels 'to zero before the studs have made contact with the carrying levers.

I claim:

l. The combination of numeral wheels, reciprocating-key-driven actuators, one-way driving connections between the same and the respective wheels, carrying mechanism. and individual zeroizing means, a selected member of which disables the driving connections between an actuator and a wheel and resets such wheel to zero of other wheels selected wheel.

2.VI The combination of independently by backward turning of the numeral wheels, reactuators, one-way driving connections between the same and the respective wheels, carrying mechanism including springs tensioned by the wheels, devices for holding the wheels against back-V ward turning, and individual zeroizing` means, a selected member of which disables one such device and the driving connections between the associated actuator and wheel to affect return-to zero by backward turning of the selected wheel.

3. The combination of numeral wheels, reciprocating key-driven actuators, one-way driving connections between the' same and the respectlve wheels, carrylng mechanism,

and individual zeroizing means, a selectedmember of which disables the driving connections between an actuator and a wheel, and resets such wheel to Zero independently of other wheels by backward turning of the selected wheel;y together with mea-ns for simultaneously vdisabling all of the driving connections between the actuators and wheels for the simultaneous resetting of all of the wheels to zero.

4. The combination of numeral wheels,7re 'ciprocating key-driven actuators, one--Way driving connections between the same and the respective wheels, carrying mechanism including springs tensioned by\ the wheels, devices for holding the wheels against backward turning, and .individual zeroizing means, a selected member of which disables one such device and the driving connections between the associated actuator and wheel tol effect return to zero by backward, turning of the selected wheel; together with means for simultaneously disabling all the holding devices and all ofthe driving connections between actuators and wheels to effect simultaneous return to zero of all the wheels.

5. The combination of numeral wheels, ref` ciprocating key-driven actuators, one-way driving connections between the same and the respective wheels, devices for preventing the wheels from running ahead of the actuators, carrying mechanism, and means 4for individually disabling the driving connections and the said preventing device between an actuator and wheel and resetting such wheel to zero independently of otherwheels by backward turning of the selected wheel.

6. The combination of numeral wheels, reciprocating `key-driven actuators, one-way driving connections between the same and the respective wheels, devices for preventing the wheels from running ahead of the actuators, carrying mechanism, and means for indivldually disabling the driving connections and the said preventing device between anl actuator and wheel andaresetting such wheel to zero independently of other wheels by backward turning of the selected wheel, together with means for simultaneously disabling all of the-driving. connections and preventing devices `between the actuators and wheels and resetting all of the wheels to zero.

7. The combination of 'numeral wheels, key-driven reciprocating actuators, pawl and ratchet driving connections between the same' and the respective wheels, springs tensioned by the Wheels, back-stop pawls, and means for individually disabling a back-stop pawl and a pawl and ratchet driving connection to effect return to zero of a wheel'by its spring independently of other wheels.

8. The combination of numeralwheels, key-driven reciprocating actuators, pawl and ratchet driving connections between the same and the respective Wheels, springs tensioned by the wheels, back-Stop pawls, and means forindividually disabling a back-stop pawl ciprocating key-driven actuators, one-way, drlving connections between the same and the respective wheels including transmitting gear wheels, pinions in mesh with said wheels, mutilated gear pinionscompounded with said pinions respectively, notched discs reciprocated by the actuators and cooperating with said'mutilated pinions respectively, and means for individually displacing a pinion and mutilated pinion.

l0. The combination of numeral wheels, reciprocating'key-driven actuators, one-way driving connections between the same and vthe respective Wheels including transmitting gear wheels, pinions in mesh with said wheels, mutilated gear pinions compounded with said pinions respectively, notched discs reciprocated by the actuators and cooperating with said mutilated pinions respectively, and means for individually displacing a pinion and mutilated pinion, together with means for simultaneously displacing all of said pinions.

ll. The combination of numeral wheels, reciprocating key-driven actuators, one-way driving connections between the same and the -respective wheels including transmitting gear wheels, pinions in mesh with said wheels, mutilated gear-pinions compounded with said pinions respectively and laterally shiftable With them, notched discs reciprocated Vby the actuators and cooperating with said mutilated pinions respectively, and means for individually shifting a pinion and mutilated pinion laterally to disengage the latter from the associated notched disc.

l2. The combination of numeral Wheels, rec`iprocating key-driven actuators, one-way driving connections between the same and the respective Wheels including transmitting gear wheels, pinions in mesh with said wheels, mutilated gear pinions compounded with said pinions respectively and laterally shiftable with them, notched discs revciprocated by the actuators and cooperating with said mutilated pinions respectively, and means vfor individually shifting a pinion and mutilated 'pinion laterally to disengage the latter from thcI associated notched disc, together with means for simultaneously shifting laterally all the pinions.

.13. The combination of numeral wheels,

reciprocating key-driven actuators, one-way driving connections between the same and the respective wheels including transmitting gear wheels, pinions in mesh with said wheels,'mutilated gear pinions compounded with said pinions respectively, a supporting shaft for said pinions on which they are slidable, notched discs reciprocated by the actuators and cooperating with said pinions respectively, means for sliding the pinions on the shaft, and means for shifting the shaft itself.

14. The combination of numeral wheels, reciprocating key-driven actuators, one-way driving connections between the same and the respective wheels including transmitting gear wheels, pinions in mesh with said wheels, mutilated gear pinions compounded with said pinions respectively, a supporting shaft for said pinions on which they are slidable, notched discs reciprocated by the actuators and cooperating with said pinions respectively, and `key levers and cams for sliding the pinions on the shaft.

15. The combination of numeral wheels, reciprocating key-driven actuators, one-way driving connections between the same and the respective wheels including transmitting gear wheels, pinions in mesh with said wheels, mutilated gear pinions compounded with said pinions respectively, a supporting shaft for said pinions on which they are slidable, notched discs reciprocated by the actuators and cooperating with said pinions respectively, yokes for shifting the pinions, springs applied to the yokes, and key-levers and cams for operating the yokes in opposition to their springs.

16. The combination of numeral Wheels, reciprocating key-driven actuators, one-way driving connections between the same and the respective wheels including transmitting gear wheels, pinions in mesh with said wheels, mutilated gear pinions compounded with said pinions respectively, a supporting shaft for said pinions on which they are slidable, notched discs reciprocated by the actuators and cooperating with said pinions respectively, yokesl for shifting the pinions, springs applied to the yokes, a shaft slidably supporting the yokes, means for indidually shiftin the yokes, and' means for collectively shifting them.

17. The combination of numeral wheels, reciprocating key-driven actuators, one-Way driving 'connections between the same and the respective wheels including transmiti ting gear Wheels, pinions in mesh with said ions, springs applied to the wheels, mutilated gear pinions compounded with said pinions respectively, a supporting shaft for said pinions on which they are slidable, notched discs reciprocated by the actuators and cooperatin ions respectively, yokes for s yokes, a shaft wlth said pin-l ifting` the pinslidably supporting the yokes, key-levers and cams for individually shifting the yokes, and a handle and connections for shifting the yoke-supporting shaft.

18. The combination of register 4wheels having cams and sun gears, intermediate gears geared to higher order wheels, gear carriers whose gears mesh with said sun gears and said intermediate gears, gear-carrier oscillating members controlled by the cams, springs applied to said members, devices for holding the wheels :trom backward turning, normally inactive devices for locking the intermediate gears, and means for individually disabling a holding device and enabling a locking device for effecting return to zerov of a wheel by its spring independent oi'' other wheels.

19. The combination of register wheels -having cams and sun gears, intermediate gears geared to higher order wheels, gear carriers Whose gears mesh with said sun gears and said intermediate gears, gear-carrier oscillating members controlled by the cams, springs applied to said members, devices for holding the Wheels from backward turning, normally inactive devices for locking the intermediate gears, and means for individually disabling a holding device and enabling a locking device Ltor effecting return to zero of a wheel by its spring independent of other wheels, together with means for simultaneously disabling all the v holding devices and enabling all the locking devices, for ellecting return to zero of all the Wheels by their springs.

20. The combination of register wheels having cams and sun gears; intermediate gears geared to higher order Wheels, gear carriers whose gears mesh with said sun gears and said intermediate gears, gear-carrier oscillating members controlled by the' cams, springs applied to said members, normally retracted locking levers for locking the intermediate gears, independently 'operable rock-arms for setting saidl locking levers, andl keys and connections for operating the rock arms. y

21. The combination of register Wheels having cams and sun gears, intermediate gears geared to higher order wheels, gear carriers whose gears mesh with' said sun gears and said intermediate gears, gear-carrier oscillating members controlled by the ca ms, springs applied to said members, n ormally retracted locking levers for locking the intermediate gears, independently operable rock-arms` for setting said locking levers,keys and connections for operating the rock arms, and a rocking structure common to said arms for collectively operating them.

22. The combination of register wheels having cams and sun gears, intermediate gears geared to higher order wheels, gear v ing connections between said actuators and said trassmissin gears, back-stop pawls engaging the latter, pinions in mesh with the transmission gears, mutilated pinions compounded with said pinions, notched discs reciprocated by the actuators and coacting with said mutilated pinions, normally retracted locking levers for locking the aforesaid intermediate gears, independently operable rock arms for setting said locking levers, key-levers operating upon said rockarms respectively, and` members connected to said key-levers and operating to disable the back-stop pawls and the pawls o f the driving connections and also the mutilated pinions.

23. The combination of numeral wheels, planetary gearing, connections for carrytransmission through the planetary gearing, and means for varying control of the-latter whereby to dissipate the carry-transmission at will.

24. The combination of numeral wheels, key-driven actuators, ,A back-stop means applied to elements thereof advanced by the actuators, connections for carry-transmission through the planetary gearing, and means for holding a higher order wheel and disabling associated backstop means.

25. The combination ofnumeral wheels, planetary gearing applied thereto, actuators geared to the planet-gear carriersback-"stopsl for the latter, connections for carry-transmission from Wheel to wheel through the planetary gearing, a stop for the higher order wheel, and akey for applying said stop and simultaneously disabling the back-stop for the planet-gear carrier associated with said wheel.

26. The combination with key-driven actuators, numeral wheels, and carrying mechanism; of means for utilizing the'latter mechanism to turn the wheels backward to zero under positive actuation. y

27. The combination with key-driven actuators, numeral wheels, and carrying mechanism; of means for utilizing the latter mechanism to turn the wheels backward to zero individually under positive actuation.

28. The combination with key-driven actuators, numeral wheels, and 'carrying mechanism; of means for utilizing the latter mechanism to turn the wheels backward to zero individually or collectively under positive actuation. t

29. The combination with key-driven actuators, numeral wheels, and carrying mechanism, `comprising differential gearing; of

planetary gearing,

means for'changing control of said gearing` to ei'ect backward tifrning of wheels to zero, and for positively actuating the gearing to so turn the wheels.

30. The combination of register wheels having cams and sun gears, intermediate gears geared to higher order wheels, gear carriers whose gears mesh with said sun gears and said intermediate gears, gear-carrier oscillating members controlled by the cams, springs applied to said members, devices for holding the wheels from backward turning, normally inactive devices for locking the intermediate gears, and means for disabling the devices which hold the wheels against backward turning and bringing into action the said locking devices, andpositively operating the gear-carrier oscillating members to backwardly turn the numeral wheels to zero.l

3l. The combination of register wheels having cams and sun gears, intermediate gears geared to higher order wheels, gear carriers whose gears mesh with said sun gears and said intermediate gears,l said carriers having gear segments, levers engaged with the cams and segments in mesh with those of the gear carriers, springs applied to said levers, devices for holding the wheels against backward turning, normally inactive devices for locking the intermediate gears, and means .for disabling the devices which hold the wheels against backward turningand bringmg into action the said locking devices, and for positively operating upon the said levers to swing the gear carriers and backwardly turn numeral wheels to zero. v

32.v The combination of register wheels having cams and sun gears, intermediate gears geared to higher order wheels, gear carriers whose gears mesh with said sun gears and said intermediate gears, gear-carrier oscillating members controlled by the cams,

lsprings applied 'to said members, normally retracted locking levers for locking the intermediate gears, independently operable robekarms'for setting said locking levers, and for positively operating upon the gear-carrier oscillating members, and keys and connections for operating the rock-arms.

The combination of register wheels having cams and sun gears, intermediate gears geared to higher order wheels, gear carriers whose gears mesh with said sun gears and said intermediate gears, gear-carrier oscillating levers controlled by the cams, springs applied to said levers, a zeroizing rocking structure adapted to positively operate upon the said levers, and means also operatedby said structure for locking the intermediate gears.

34. The combination of register wheels having cams and sun gears, intermediate gears geared to higher order wheels, gear carriers whose gears mesh with said sun gears and said intermediate gears, gear-carrier oscillatng levers controlled by the cams, operating the rock-arms, and a'rockng strucsprngs'upplied to said levers, normally reture common to said arms for collectively tracted locking levers for'locking the nteroperating them.

mediate gears, independently operable rock- ALLEN A. HORTON. 5 arms for setting said locking levers, and for Witnesses:

positively operating upon said gear-carrier R. S. MIELERT,

oscillating levers, keys and connections for J. A. BROPHY.

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