US1949140A - Cryptographic apparatus - Google Patents

Cryptographic apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US1949140A
US1949140A US588795A US58879532A US1949140A US 1949140 A US1949140 A US 1949140A US 588795 A US588795 A US 588795A US 58879532 A US58879532 A US 58879532A US 1949140 A US1949140 A US 1949140A
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United States
Prior art keywords
disc
discs
contact
pin
shaft
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Expired - Lifetime
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US588795A
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English (en)
Inventor
Beyer Peter Georg Grove
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority to FR730433D priority Critical patent/FR730433A/fr
Priority to BE385896D priority patent/BE385896A/xx
Priority to NL59946A priority patent/NL35362C/xx
Priority to DEB154052D priority patent/DE601153C/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US588795A priority patent/US1949140A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1949140A publication Critical patent/US1949140A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09C—CIPHERING OR DECIPHERING APPARATUS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PURPOSES INVOLVING THE NEED FOR SECRECY
    • G09C3/00—Typewriters for ciphering or deciphering cryptographic text
    • G09C3/02—Typewriters for ciphering or deciphering cryptographic text with auxiliary keys or keyboards acting on the original keys or keyboards

Definitions

  • cryptographic apparatus and more particularly has reference to a device for electrically interconnecting typewriting machines in such a manner as graphic transcriptions.
  • the present invention resides in a device comprising three concentrically arranged annular discs mounted in a suitable housing. Letters, numbers and symbols are provided on the inner disc and the exterior annular disc is provided with letters exclusively. Between the inner and outer annular discs is a rotatable cross-field ring which is fixed to a rotatable gear having letters or sym-' bcls disposedthereon which aid in setting the cross-field ring in any relative starting position previously determined.
  • the inner and outer discs are adapted to be rotated simultaneouslyin the same either separately or or opposite direction in a'regular orirregular manner.
  • the movements of the three annular discs are stopped by two pin-wheels, which are simultaneously released.
  • the pin-wheels are provided with pins, the number of and mutual distance between which may be changed, one independent- 1y of the other, so that the pin-wheels and the annular discs rotated together with them, by a release operation brought about by every pressing down upon a shifting arm, are turned an equal or unequal number of degrees away from their previous position.
  • the discs are divided into sectors.
  • Each of the sectors on the inner annular discs is formed like lamina: and are electrically connected toa spring contact and to a solenoid or electromagnet beneath its corresponding key in a hand operated typewriting machine, and each of the exterior annular disc's sectors is likewise adapted like lamina and electrically connected to spring contacts and to a solenoid or electromagnet beneath its corresponding key in another typewriting machine.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of the back cover being removed.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line A-B, Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows the dowel between the ebonite rings and the annular discs.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line A--B, Fig. 1, seen from below.
  • Fig. 5 is a plan view of the rotatable annular discs and the cross-field ring in the middle.
  • Fig. dis a plan view of the releaser in drawnback position and of the two pin-wheels, on the line E-F, in Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line G-H, in Fig. 1. a
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the annular U5 discs and the cross-field ring, on the line I-J, in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 9 is a diagram of connections between the apparatus and two typewriting machines.
  • Fig. 10 is a full diagram of an enciphering and deciphering system, in both directions.
  • Fig. 11 is a plan view 01' a modified winding construction.
  • Fig. 12 is a detail showing the stop knobs on the releaser for the modified construction.
  • Fig. 13 is a cross-section on the line K-L in Fig. 11.
  • the apparatus consists of a casing 75 provided with a back cover 76 and a removable front cover '74.
  • a the 70 One or the springs 5 (Fig. '1) is attached to i no blockadingwheel 13 carrying a pin-wheel 11, and the other spring to, a blockading wheel 14, carrying a pin-wheel 12.
  • a releaser 8 is movable into and out of the paths of movement of the pins carried by the pin-wheels.
  • .Axles 28 are mounted on the supporting plate 30 and a yoke 29 is attached to-the free ends of the axles.
  • Blockading wheels 13 and 14 are rotatably mounted on the axles and are independently impelled by individual spiral springs 5, the other ends. of which are attached to the casings 3.
  • the pin-wheel 11 has 10 pins, while the pinwheel 12 has but 9 pins; the blockading wheel 13 carries 62'teeth .and the blockading wheel 14 carries 58 teeth, so that the movements which they transmit are not. synchronous.
  • the blockading wheels 13 and 14 are provided with squared hubs whereon the pinwheels are mounted, thus rotating together with the former.
  • a pin 6 disposed on the shifting arm presses down a swingbar '7 that is connected by a stud 80 to the releaser 8 which is displaced in a direction opposite that of the shifting arm.
  • This displacing effects the first part of therelease,- which is intermittent in two rates.
  • a pawl releaser 45 turning'about the axle 48 of the apparatus and having a catch or ear 46 and a stop-tooth 4'7 which, during the adjustment of the apparatus, is
  • the blockading wheel 13 is rotated a fraction of the distance. corresponding to the distance between that pin on the pin-wheel 1-1, which before release is obstructed by the stop-pin, 9 and the following pin ,on the pin-wheel 11.
  • the remaining distance is'rotated when the releaser recedes, which happens when the shifting arm raises by being released after the depressing.
  • stop pin 10 which has moved into the path of the following pin on the pin-wheel 11, is shifted and the pin on the pin-wheel 11 held thereby is. engaged by stop pin 9.
  • the shifting arm-1, Fig. 1 is raised by a coil spring-31 which is attached -to a pin 39 on the supporting plate 30, Fig. 1, and simultaneously therewith the swingbar '7and the releaser8 are pulled back by a helical spring 32 that is attached to the same pin 39.
  • The, tholepins 35, 37 press both reciprocating levers 2 down, respectively, 36 and 40 degrees by each depressing of the shifting arm 1. For a complete rotation of 360 degrees 10 depres ings for when the releaser 8 by advancing releases a.
  • the spring casings 3 are rotated one entire revolution by respectively 10 and 9 depressings,
  • the interior annular disc 1'7 is fastened to an axle 48, Fig. 2, which carries the catch cogwheel 19 which is idle and provided with 30 catch grooves '77 into one of which the'catch spring '49 seats. itself.
  • This catch spring 49 turns with the axle 4.8 due to pins 50, and a bushing 51 keeps the several parts togetheron the axle.
  • a crossfield-ring 16 provided with a cogwheel which, by the small cogwheel of the change gear 18, receives movement from the catch cogwheel19 of the interior annular disc 17 in the proportion 1:2.
  • the two cogwheels of the-change gear 18 have respectively 10 and 24 teeth.
  • the annular discs 15, 16 and 1'! are divided in 30 sectors, each of which on the'disc 1'7 being provided with a letter and anumber and those of the disc 15 with a letter, as shown in Fig. .5.
  • Ebonite-rings 20, 21 and 22 arerespectively kept mounted on the discs 15, 16 and 1'7 by dowels 82 and holes 83, shown in Fig. 3.
  • These eboniterings 20, 22, Fig. 8, are divided into 30 sectors each carrying a contact ball 23 and a spiral spring 24, or equivalent structure. I g
  • Each of the contacting or slip rings has a brush associated therewith.
  • the ebonitering 21 mounted on the cross-field ,ring- 16 carries 30 contact pieces 27 on each side.
  • Fig-'8 connected in pairs, either crossed or opposite to each other.
  • the drums 25-and 26 Fig. 2 carry each a 'scale with 30 divisions, each provided with a letter corresponding to the letters on the sectors of the annular discs 15 and 1'7 and ebonite rings 20, 22.
  • the cogwheel on the cross-field ring 16 is divided in 30 sections (numbered on the outside) and the cogwheel 19 which carries 30' catches has an indicating mark 81- for reading off.
  • Fig. 1 Before. starting an encipherlng or a decipherno I ing the pawl releaser 45, Fig. 1 is put over to one side, so that the stop tooth 47 engages, for instance, with the teeth of the blockading wheel 14, thus the pawl 44 is raised or released, whereupon the adjustment of the biockading wheel 13 may be efiected without affecting the wheel 14 and without increasing the tension of the spring for rotating wheel '14.
  • the pin wheel 11 By depressing several times on the shifting arm, the pin wheel 11 is rotated until that number agreed upon, for instance, 0, stands adjacent to the indicating mark 41, then the pawl releaser 45 is swung towards the opposite side whereby the blockading wheel 13 is stopped by the stop tooth 47, and simultaneously the pawl 43 of the blockading wheel 13 is released, so that it is possible by the depressing of the shifting arm 1 to rotate the blockading wheel 14 and the pin wheel 12 so that the number 1-or any other number agreed upon-stands adjacent to the indicating mark 42, while the spiral spring 5 in the casing 3 shall swing to and fro and the pin wheel 11 and its blockading wheel 13 remain immovable, because the stop tooth 47 engages it.
  • Fig. 5 are shown paper dial discs on the annular discs 15 and 17, used when the apparatus is to operate without electrical connection; they are uncovered by taking off the casing from the front cover 74 and thus separating the ebonite rings 20, 21 and 22 from the parts 15, 16 and 1'7.
  • Fig. 5 In the Fig. 5 is shown how to dispose the wires in the ebonite ring' 21, covering the cross-field ring 16.
  • spiral spring 5 may be overloaded by not carrying out the last tenth of the depressings of the shifting arm in the Fig. 11 .is shown a modification in which helical springs 6'7 and 68 are employed.
  • the shifting arm 1 which in this instance is guided by screws 54 moves the reciprocating levers 55 and 56 by means of the pins 57 and 58, whereby clicks 59 and 60 engage the ratchet wheels 61 and 62, which are fastened to the cogwheel 63 and 64.
  • the release is realized at the last tenth of the movement, that is, when a pin 73 on the shifting arm 1 presses upon the swingbar 7, whereby the releaser 8, Fig. 12, is displaced towards one side, that is, upwards in Fig. 1.
  • a stop knob '70, Fig. 12, on the releaser 8 allows one of the pins on the pin wheels 11 to rotate, and when the shifting arm 1 is released, then the helical spring 67 may act upon the reciprocating lever 55, the click 59, the ratchet wheel 61, the cogwheel 63 and the cogwheel 65, and consequently the 'pin on the pin wheel is released and may be rotated until the next pin abuts against the second stop knob 69.
  • the reciprocating lever 56 receives tension by a helical spring 68, and the pawls 71 and 72 here act like the pawls 43 and 44 in Fig. 1.
  • the G-sector of the ebonitering 20 corresponds through the ebonite ring 21 with the -S8Ct0l in the ebonite ring 22.
  • the G-sector is shown connected to its G-contacting ring on the drum 26, while the sector inthe'ebonite ring 22 is connected to i contacting ring on the drum 25.
  • a trail contact 84 is provided for every one of the 30 contacting rings on the drum 26, and in a similar manner there is disposed a trail contact 85 for each contacting ring on the drum 25.
  • a circuit is closed from a source of current 90, through the spring contacts 87, through the wire 89, .a solenoid 97 back to minus, whereby the shifting arm 1 is pulled down (though it is shown by the arrow towards the right for convenience sake).
  • Another branch of the current simultaneously passes over the spring contacts 87, giving energy to the line 88 from where itpasses through a connecting plug contact 91, through a trail contact 85. to the -contacting ring on the drum 25, through the -sector in the ebonite ring 22,
  • the movement of the shifting arm winds the spiral springs 5 and releases the pin wheels 11 and 12 in the apparatus.
  • the i-key 86 is attached to the hand driven typewriting machine operated on, and the electrically operated typewriting machine which is connected with the first, works simultaneously, whereby it is possible to control what has been written both in spelled and -in enciphered texts.
  • two typewriting machines Fig.10 are required, respectively providedwith contacts 8'7, 103 and solenoids 93, 105'.
  • Fig. 10 is shown a double diagram provided with a commutator which is shown in the enciphering position for the hand operated typewriting machine, but by sliding the commutator over upon the other contacts then the cryptogram received may be deciphered by the other typewriting machine.
  • Fig. 5 is shown an extra sector 108 which is reserved for a letter such as ii not used in many languages, and this sector may be used to indicate that instead of letters, the numbers and symbols shown on the interior annular disc 1'7, should be read off.
  • the current passes from the source of current through the commutator 101 to, a wire 102, over three spring. contacts 103, through a wire 104, the plug contact 92, the trail contact 84; the contacting ring on the drum 26, the ebonite rings 20, 21 and 22, the contacting ring on the drum 25, the trail contact 85, the plug contact 91, the line'88, a solenoid 105, a wire 106, through the commutator 101 to the trail contact 94, the contact section 95, the trail contact 96, and back to minus.
  • the other branch of the current which previously has set the shifting arm into motion, passes from the spring contacts 103, through a wire 107, the commutator 101 to the solenoid 97 and back to minus in the source of current 90.
  • a cryptographic apparatus comprising three concentrically arranged annular discs, theinner and outer discs being divided into sectors, an electrical contact element in each sector, means for connecting the'contact elements of one disc.
  • a cryptographic apparatus comprising three concentrically arranged annular discs, the in ner and outer discs being divided-into sectors,-an
  • electrical contact element in each sector means for connecting the contact elements of one disc with a plurality of keys, means for connectin the contact elements of the other discs with typewriter operating solenoids, the intermediate disc being divided into sectors, each of which carries two contact points, one adapted to cooperate with the contact elements of the inner disc and the other adapted to cooperate with the contact elements of the outer disc, means for connecting the contact points cooperating with the outer disc in a predetermined manner with the contact points cooperating with the inner disc, means for completing a circuit through,
  • said discs, keys and solenoids and-a source of electrical energy spring motors tending to constantly rotate said outer and inner discs,-and escapement means for limiting therotation of two contact points, one adapted to cooperate with the contact elements of the inner disc and the other adapted to cooperate with the contact elepoints cooperating with the inner disc, means for completing a circuit through said discs, keys and solenoids anda source of electrical energy, a pair of spring motors each having a driven shaft tending to constantly rotate, escapement means for limiting movement of each shaft to step-by-step rotation, the number of steps necessary for rotating one shaft through 360 being difierent from that-of the other shaft, and means for connecting one shaft to the inner disc and the other shaft to the outer disc.
  • a cryptographic apparatus comprising three concentrically arranged annular discs, the inner and outer discs being divided into sectors, an electrical contact element in each sector,
  • escapement means for limiting movement of each shaft to step-by-step rotation, the number of steps necessary for rotating one shaft through 360 being diiferent from that of the other shaft, means for connecting one shaft to the inner disc and the other shaft to the outer and means.
  • a cryptographic apparatus comprising three concentrically arranged annular discs, the inner and outer discs being divided into sectors, an
  • a cryptographic apparatus comprising three concentrically arranged annular discs, the inner and outer discs being divided into sectors, an electrical contact element in each sector, means for connecting the contact elements of one disc with a plurality of keys, means for connecting the contact elements of the other discs-with typewriter operating solenoids, the intermediate disc being divided into sectors, each of which carries two contact points, one adapted to cooperate with the contact elements of the inner disc and the other adapted to cooperate with the contact elements of the outer disc, means for connecting the contact points cooperating with the outer disc in a predetermined manner with the contact points cooperating with the inner disc, means for com- -pleting a.
  • a cryptographic apparatus comprising three concentrically arranged annular discs, the inner and outer discs being divided into sectors, an electrical contact element in each sector, means for connecting the contact elements of one disc with a plurality of keys, means for connecting the contact elements of the other discs with typewriter operating solenoids, the intermediate disc being divided into sectors, each of which carries two contact points, one adapted to cooperate with the contact elements of the inner disc and the other adapted to cooperate with the contact elements of the outer disc, means for connecting the contact points cooperating with the outer disc in a predetermined manner with the contact points cooperating with the inner disc, means'for cornpleting a circuit through said discs, keys and sole.- noids and a source of electrical e'nergy', a pair of spring motors each having a driven shaft, a shiftable element, means associated with the shiftable element for preventing rotation of said shafts in one direction and operable upon shifting of the element to release the shafts to effect partial rotation thereof, the degree of rotation of one shaft being different from that of the other
  • a cryptographic apparatus comprising three concentrically arranged annular discs, the inner and outer discs being dividedinto sectors, an electrical contact element in each sector, means for connecting the contact elements of one disc with a plurality of keys, means for connecting the contact elements of the other discs with typewriter operating solenoids, the intermediate disc being divided into sectors, each of which carries two contact points, one adapted to cooperate with the contact elements of the inner disc and the other adapted to cooperate with the contact elements of the outer disc, means for connecting the contact points cooperating with the outer disc in a predetermined manner with the contact points cooperatingwith the inner disc, means for completing a circuit through said discs, keys and solenoids and a source of electrical energy, a pair of spring motors each having a driven shaft, a shiftable element, means associated with the shiftable element for preventing rotation of said shafts in one direction and operable upon shifting of the element to release the shafts to effect partial rotation thereof, the degree of rotation of one shaft being different from that of the other, means for connecting one shaft with the
  • a cryptographic apparatus comprising three concentrically arranged annular discs, the inner and outer discs being divided into sectors, an electrical contact element in each sector, means for connecting the contact elements of one disc with a plurality of keys, means for connecting the contact elements of the other discs with typewriter operating solenoids, theintermedate disc being divided into sectors, each of which carries two contact points, one adapted to cooperate with the contact elemerits of the inner disc and the other adapted to cooperate with the contact elements of the outer disc, means for connecting the contact points cooperating with the outer disc in a predetermined manner with the contact points cooperating with the inner disc, means for completing a circuit through said discs, keys and solenoids and a source of electrical energy, a pair of spring motors each having a driven shaft, a shiftable element, means associated with the shiftable element for preventing rotation of said shafts in one direction and operable upon shifting of the element to release the shafts to effect partial rotation thereof, the degree of rotation of one shaft being different from that of the other, means for connecting one shaft
  • a cryptographic apparatus comprising ing the contact elements of the other discs with a typewriter operating solenoids, the intermediate disc being divided into sectors, each of which carries two contact points, one adapted to cooperate with the contact elements of the inner disc and the other adapted to cooperate with the contact elements of the outer disc, means for connecting the contact points cooperating with the outer disc in a predetermined manner with the contact points cooperating with the inner disc, means for completing a circuit through said discs, keys and solenoids and a source of electrical energy, a pair of spring motors each having a driven shaft, a shiftable element, means associated with the shiftable element for preventing rotation of said shafts in one, direction and operable upon shifting of the element to relese the shafts to effect partial rotation thereof, the degree of rotation of one shaft being different from thatof the other, means for connecting one shaft with the outer disc and the other shaft with the inner disc, means operable on shifting of said element for winding the spring motors
  • a cryptographic apparatus comprising three concentrically arranged annular discs, the inner and outer discs being divided into sectors, an electrical contact element in, each sector, means for connecting the contact elements of one disc with a plurality of keys, means for connecting the contact elements of the other discs with typewriter operating solenoids, the intermediate disc being divided into sectors, each of which means for completing a circuit through said discs,
  • keys and solenoids and a source of electrical energy a pair of spring motors each having a driven shaft, a shiftable element, means associated with the shiftable element for preventing rotation of said shafts in one direction and operable upon shifting of the element to release the tween the intermediate disc and said other disc so that the intermediate disc may assume varied positions relative to said disc.
  • a cryptographic apparatus comprising three concentrically arranged annular discs, the inner and outer discs being divided into sectors, an electrical contact element in each sector, means for connecting the contact elements of one disc with a plurality of keys, means for connecting the contact elements of the other discs with typewriter operating solenoids, the intermediate disc being divided into sectors, each of which carries two contact points, one adapted to cooperate with the contact elements of the inner disc and the other adapted to cooperate with the contact elements of the outer disc, means for connecting the contact points cooperating with the outer disc in a predetermined manner with the contact points cooperating with the inner disc, means for completing a circuit through said discs, keys and solenoids and a source of electrical energy, a pair of spring motors each having a driven shaft, a shiftable element, means associated with the shiftable element for preventing rotation of said shafts in one direction andoperable upon shifting of the element to release the shafts to effect partial rotation thereof, the degree of rotation of oneshaft being different from that of the other, means for connecting one shaft with the outer disc and

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
US588795A 1932-01-23 1932-01-25 Cryptographic apparatus Expired - Lifetime US1949140A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR730433D FR730433A (fr) 1932-01-23 1932-01-23 Appareil cryptographique
BE385896D BE385896A (fr) 1932-01-23 1932-01-23
NL59946A NL35362C (fr) 1932-01-23 1932-01-23
DEB154052D DE601153C (de) 1932-01-23 1932-01-24 Vorrichtung zum Chiffrieren
US588795A US1949140A (en) 1932-01-23 1932-01-25 Cryptographic apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE385896T 1932-01-23
FR730433T 1932-01-23
NL59946A NL35362C (fr) 1932-01-23 1932-01-23
DEB154052D DE601153C (de) 1932-01-23 1932-01-24 Vorrichtung zum Chiffrieren
US588795A US1949140A (en) 1932-01-23 1932-01-25 Cryptographic apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1949140A true US1949140A (en) 1934-02-27

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US588795A Expired - Lifetime US1949140A (en) 1932-01-23 1932-01-25 Cryptographic apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US1949140A (fr)
BE (1) BE385896A (fr)
DE (1) DE601153C (fr)
FR (1) FR730433A (fr)
NL (1) NL35362C (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE974447C (de) * 1943-05-15 1960-12-29 Normalzeit G M B H Verschluesselungsgeraet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE601153C (de) 1934-08-10
FR730433A (fr) 1932-08-12
BE385896A (fr) 1932-02-29
NL35362C (fr) 1935-05-15

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