US1947636A

US1947636A - Paper making machinery

Info

Publication number: US1947636A
Application number: US644152A
Authority: US
Inventors: Earl E Berry
Original assignee: Beloit Iron Works Inc
Current assignee: Beloit Iron Works Inc
Priority date: 1932-11-25
Filing date: 1932-11-25
Publication date: 1934-02-20
Anticipated expiration: 1951-02-20

Description

Feb. 20, 1934. E. E, BERRY 1,947,636

PAPER MAKING MACHINERY Filed NOV. 25, 1932 Fatentcd Feb. 20, 1934 UNITED STATES PAPER MAKING MACHINERY Earl E. Berry, Bcloit, Wis., asslgnor to Beloit Iron Works, Beloit, Wis, a corporation of Wisconsin Application November 25, 1932 Serial No. 644,152

11 Claims.

This invention relates to paper machinery, and more particularly to a hollow roll of a paper making machine, having an outer surface of rubber or the like.

One object of the invention is to provide a hollow roll which is perforated to allow substantially unobstructed passage of fluid, such as a suction roll or the like of a paper making machine, having a rubber surface in which the outer or surface part of the rubber is of a substantially different character than the portion of the rubber adjacent the inner supporting metal shell so that a closing action of the holes in the-areas of pressure or contact with another roll is obtained.

Another object of the invention isthe provision of a method of making a rubber covered suction roll or the like, in which the holes in the rubber covering are made in a multiple spindle drilling machine after applying the rubber surface to a metal shell that has been previously perforated in the drilling machine with holes of the des red arrangement and pattern spacing.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description, the appended claims and the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a portion of a perforated suction roll embodying the present invention, the section being taken transversely with respect to the axis of the roll;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view showing the metal shell in the multiple spindle drilling machine;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the metal shell;

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 44 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a transverse section of a portion of the rubber surfaced shell before the rubber is drilled;

Fig. 6 is a similar section showing a step in the drilling of the rubber; and

Fig. '7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the shell illustrating the removing of the rubber slugs.

The hollow roll of the present invention is of the type used for supporting the carrying felt in a paper making machine, or it may be a suction roll of a similar nature adapted for the removal of water from the felt or the paper web, the interior of the roll being subjected to suction which withdraws the water through holes or perforations in the suction roll. As herein shown, the roll comprises essentially a metal shell 10, and an outer covering of rubber designated generally 11, perforations of a desired spacing and arrangement being provided in both the rubber and the metal portions of the roll, as indicated generally at 12. Such a roll, as shown in Fig. 1,. may for example, operate in conjunction with a smooth surfaced or unperforated pressure roll 13, suitable pressure being applied between the two rolls so as to press water out of the two felts 14 and 15 which carry the paper web between them. This water is readily withdrawn through the openings 12 adjacent or next to the'area of contact of the two rolls.

The rubber covering 11 is preferably of such character that the outer or surface portion 11a, preferably of about 3/ in thickness, is vulcanized so as to be soft enough that it may flow or distort under the operating pressures just at the nip of the rolls so that the holes are closed entirely in the area of contact. Thus the hole 12a in. Fig. 1 is closed entirely by reason of the pressure exerted just at the nip of the two rolls where the pressure of the roll 13 is eflective on the comparatively soft rubber. However, while some of the holes immediately adjacent the pressure area at the nip of the rolls may be closed, the other holes to either side of the pressure area are open, so that the water pressed out of the felt falls or is sucked inwardly of the roll. As the 0 holes in the roll close in the pressure area of contact with another pressure roll the surface. of the felt is kept smooth instead of having the tendency to force itself into the holes in the roll by reason of the pressures exerted at the nip of the rolls.

Beneath the soft surface portion of rubber 11a is a substantially thinner layer of harder rubber designated 11b. The harder layer of rubber is attached on the outer surface of the shell 10 and is integrally vulcanized to the outer layer of softer rubber. The layer 11b is of such hardness that the operating pressures obtaining at the nip of the roll with another cooperating press will not substantially deform the inner portion of the rubber. The relative hardness of the rubber layer 11b prevents such distortion as would block the holes in the rubber at their inner ends. These holes are of a constant or uniform diameter where they extend through the entire rubber surface, but the diameter of the holes in the metal shell is slightly larger so that passage of any material entering the perforations in the rubber will be assured.

The roll is made economically, rapidly and in a very accurate manner by drilling the metal shell in a gang drilling machine, then applying the surface of rubber which is vulcanized in place. The surface shell is then carefully placed back on the gang drillingflrnachine and located in the same position that it had with respect to the indexing mechanism when the holes in the shell were provided, so that the holes in the rubber can then be made as accurately as possible with the exact spacing and exactly centered with regard to the holes in the metal shell. Various steps in this method of operation will now be more fully set forth.

The shell 10, which is preferably a centrifugal cast bronze shell about two feet in diameter andof a suitable length is turned smooth and preferably polished, the outside diameter being preferably about 4;" larger and the inside diameter being about A smaller than the final shell diameter required. The shell 10 is then placed on a multiple spindle or gang drilling machine which has been generally shown at 18 in Fig. 2. This gang drilling machine is preferably of a character more fully described in the prior Mills paugh Patent No. 1,854,053 patented April 12,

1932, its construction being such that the shell may be indexed definite predetermined amounts.

For each indexing operation a. series of holes is simultaneously drilled along the length of the shell by the gang of drills 19. The indexing mechanism by means of which the drum or shell 10 is revolved is designated generally by numeral 20. This mechanism may be of such character that as the shell 10 is revolved around its own axis a definite amount of movement is also obtained in the line of the axis so that the series of holes produced by each drill is made in the path of a helix of small pitch, several complete revolutions of the shell being required before the series of holes drilled by one drill meets the series of holes made by the next adjacent drill. Adjacent drills may thus be spaced apart about 1.4" to provide series of holes in the shell spaced substantially .35" between centers.

During the perforation of the metal shell streams of compressed air are directed on the shell to carry off undesirable heat. During the drilling operation the completed holes are tested to detect any holes that are not drilled straight. This testis made by inserting a gauge into a hole and determining if the laterally extending oppositely positioned arms of the gauge both touch the outer surface of the shell. 7

Before removing the perforated metal shell from the gang drilling machine the end hole adjacent the end of the shell connected with the indexing mechanism in the first row of holes drilled is broached square or triangular entirely through the shell, as indicated at 22 in Figs. 2 and 3. This serves as an identification mark or index guide for a reason that will presently be described. The drilled shell is then removed from the drilling machine and then finished to the desired size and shape, the ends of the shell being cut off to the desired length, and'the inner and outer surfaces of the shell bored and turned to the desired sizes. The sharp edge or burr is then removed from the perforations on the inside of the shell by a revolving pointed tool. In turning the outside surface annular or helical grooves or threads are cut in the shell, and dovetail slots 24 are also planed in the outer surface of the shell, these slots extending longitudinally throughout the entire length of the shell, and serving with the annular grooves or threads as anchoring means for the rubber covering. Any holes required for attaching the roll heads to the shell are then drilled and tapped in theirouter surface of the shell. Preferably a base material capable of becoming fairly hard is first applied and covered by a layer of compound which, when cured, produces a softer rubber outer surface. The base material is embedded in the grooves in the shell surface and thus held in place.

After the rubber has been applied and cured, the square or triangular identification hole 22 is found by inspection of the inside of the shell, and a small hole preferablly about A in diameter is drilled from the inside of the shell, centered with the identification hole and directly through the rubber cover. This hole is used as a guide for locating the rubber covered shell in the same position it originally had in the gang drilling machine with respect to the indexing mechanism. Several other holes may also be drilled in the same manner in the same longi-- tudinal row with the identification hole so as to serve as guide holes. The rubber covered shell is then set up in the machine so that the drill spindles will be in line with the centers of the holes in the shell.

The holes in the metal shell are preferably about in diameter. The holes drilled in the rubber surface are preferably about A;" in diameter. Several A," drills are therefore placed in the drill spindles, one drill corresponding to the position of the two end spindles used in drilling the bronze shell, and the others arranged at suitable locations between the end drills for the purpose of drilling test holes through the-rubber cover to test the correctness of the location of the shell in the drilling machine. After these test holes are drilled through the rubber cover the holes are inspected by a suitable feeler that can reach through these holes so that it can be determined if they are drilled centrally with regard to the corresponding holes in the bronze shell. If they are not exactly centered the location of the shell is changed slightly and additional text holes are made and inspected until the shell is accurately positioned with respect to the indexing mechanism and with respect tothe same position at which the drilling of the bronze shell was started, and the drilling of the rubber cover is then effected by carrying out the same indexing operations that took place when the metal shell was perforated. While the rubber is drilled cold water is run on the rubber cover to cool the drills and washthe rubber drillings from the drills.

When the rubber mixture is put on the perforated metal shell, some of it is forced into the perforations to various depths varying from a slight amount to an inch or so. The drills are run into the rubber about A" deeper than the layer of rubber on the shell, as shown in Fig. 6. This leaves slugs 26 of hard rubber left in the perforations of the metal shell after the perforations have been drilled in the rubber cover, these plugs being still attached to the hard rubber layer 11b by sleeves of rubber about 1/64" thick. These thin sleeves of rubber obtain because the drills used for drilling the rubber cover L].

iii-3 lid the machine, attaching a covering of yielding. material on the perforated shell, replacing and by forcing or pushing out the slugs into' the inside of the shell, preferably by means of steel bars or rods that are placed in the drillspindles. These bars are of sufficient length so that they may be fed into the perforations in the rubber cover and strike the slugs in the shell perforations and break the sleeves, pushing the slugs through the perforations into the inside of the shell. This pushing action is obtained from the regular feeding mechanism of the drilling machine, although the spindles are not revolved during this operation. During thisoperation the shell is indexed in the same manner as for the drilling of the perforations of the rubber cover.

The steel rods, of about 2" in diameter, that are used for pushers for the slugs are preferably reinforced against any bending by a steel plate 27 that is securely fixed about A" away from the rubber cover, the plate having holes through which the rods operate so that any bending action of the rods must take place outside the rubber surface of the shell. This prevents damage to the rubber cover in case any of the slugs offer exceptional resistance. Any of the slugs that cannot be forced out in this way can be punched out later by hand.

After the slugs have been punched out of the perforations in the metal shell, the rubber covered shell is removed from the gang drilling machine and laid on cradles so that they may be readily turned in order that any slugs of rubber remaining in the perforations may be punched out into the center of the shell and then removed. The shell and the holes are then cleaned and inspected. The cradles are preferably so arranged that the two ends ofthe shell are supported by endless belts mounted on rollers so that the weight of theshell is distributed on the belts and so that the shell may be readily revolved by turning the shell and the belts on the rollers.

While the method herein described, and the roll produced thereby, constitute preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and that changes may be made in either without departing from the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

l. The method of making a perforated rubber surfaced roll comprising perforating a metal shell in a multiple spindle drilling machine, removing the perforated shell from the machine, attaching a covering of rubber on the perforated shell, replacing and relocating the rubber covered shell in the multiple spindle drilling machine, and drilling the rubber covering in correspondence with the hole locations in the shell by. effecting the same indexing operations as required in the drilling of the shell.

2. The method of making a perforated rubber surfaced roll comprising perforating a metal shell in a multiple spindle drilling machine, modifying one of the holes to serve as an index guide, removing the perforated shell from the machine, attaching a covering of rubber on the perforated shell, replacing and relocating the shell in the multiple spindle drilling machine, and drilling the rubber covering in correspondence with the hole locations in the shell.

3. The method of making a perforated roll having a surface covering of yielding material comprising perforating a metal shell in a multiple spindle drilling machine, removing the shell from relocating the shell in the multiple spindle drilling machine, and drilling the covering in correspondence with the hole locations in the shell by effecting the same indexing operations from the same initial setting of the shell as obtained in the drilling of the shell.

4. The method of making a perforated rubber surfaced roll comprising perforating a metal shell,- attaching a covering of rubber on the perforated shell so that some of the rubber is forced into the perforations, drilling holes in the rubber covering so that they stop short of the ends of the rubber which is in the shell perforations, and removing the rubber from theperforations in the metal shell by punching inwardly on the rubber slugs.

5. The method of making a perforated rubber surfaced roll comprising perforating a metal shell in a multiple spindle drilling machine, removing the perforated shell from the machine, attaching a covering of rubber on the perforated shell so that some of the rubber is forced into the perforations of the shell, replacing the shell in the multiple spindle drilling machine and relocating the shell with reference to the indexing mechanism, drilling the rubber covering in correspondence with the hole locations in the shell and then simultaneously punching rows of partly drilled slugs of rubber out of the perforations of the shell by effecting the same indexing operations from the same initial setting of the shell as obtained in the drilling of the shell.

6. The method of making a perforated rubber surfaced roll comprising perforating a metal shell in a gang drilling machine, making an index guide mark at one hole location, removing the shell, finishing the shell to the required size, attaching a covering of rubber on the perforated shell so that some of the rubber is forced into the perforations, replacing the shell with its covering of rubber in the gang drilling machine and relocating it with reference to the indexing mechanism to have the same initial setting with respect to the index guide mark, drilling holes in the rubber covering so that they stop short of the ends of the rubber which is in the shell perforations, and removing the rubber from the perforations in the metal shell by punchinginwardly on the rubber slugs.

7. The method of making a perforated rubber surfaced roll comprising perforating a metal shell in a multiple spindle drilling machine, modifying one of the holes to serve as an index guide, removing the perforated shell from the machine, finishing the shell to the desired size, and vulcanizing a covering of rubber on the perforated shell, drilling outwardly through the rubber at the modified hole, replacing and relocating the shell in the same multiple spindle drilling machine so that it has the same initial setting with respect to the index mechanism, and drilling the rubber covering in correspondence with the hole locations in the shell by effecting the same indexing operations from the same initial setting of the shell as obtained in the drilling of the shell, and then simultaneously punching rows of partly drilled slugs of rubber out of the perforations of the shell.

8. A perforated soft surfaced roll for paper machinery comprising a metal shell and a covering of soft surfacing material fixed thereon, the shell and the covering having perforations with the perforations in the covering each axially aligned with a perforation of slightly larger diameter in the metal shell, the portion of the surfacing material next to the shell having sumcient hardness to prevent objectionable distortion under operating pressures such as would block the holes, the outer portion of the surfacing material having sufllcient softness as to distort under operating pressures obtained when engaged by an unperforated roll to close the end of the perforations in the pressure area at the nip of the rolls.

9. A perforated suction roll of the character described comprising a perforated metal shell and a rubber covering on the shell having perforations of smaller diameter but of the same spacing arrangement as the holes in the metal shell, the portion of the rubber next the shell having suflicient hardness to prevent objectionable distortion under operating pressures, the outer portion of the rubber having sufiicient softness so that when used with another press roll the holes close entirely in the area of contact.

10. A perforated suction roll of the character described comprising a metal shell perforated in a definite pattern of hole spacing, and a rubber covering fixed on the shell and having perforations of smaller diameter but of the same space arrangement and centered with the holes in the shell, the outer portions of the rubber being considerably softer than the inner portion of the rubber.

11. A perforated suction roll of the character described comprising a metal shell perforated in a definite pattern of hole spacing, said shell hav-.- ing longitudinally extending dovetail slots and having annularly extending grooves, and a rubber covering fixed on said shell and interlocked with the said slots and grooves and having perforations of smaller diameter but of the same' pattern of hole spacing and centered with the holes in the shell, the portions of the rubber adjacent the shell being comparatively hard, and the outer portions of the rubber being comparatively soft.

EARL E. BERRY.-