US1927497A - Pumping mechanism - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 19, 1933. HUNAEUS 1,927,497

PUMPING MECHANISM Filed June 27, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l IN VEN TOR Sept. 19, 1933. I HUNAEUS 1,927,497

PUMPING MECHANI SM Filed June 27, 1931 2 Sheets'Sheet 2 INVENTOR such as ,a Diesel engine.

patented Sept 19, 1933 PATENT OFFICE 1,927,497 PnMPING MECHANISM Herman Hnnaens, Philadelphia, Pa, 'assignor by mesne assignments, to Baldwin-Sonthwark Corperation, a corporation of Delaware I Application June 27, 1931. *Serial No. 547,234

16 Claims.

.One object of my invention is 'to provide an im proyed arrangement between a piston and cylinder type ofrefrigerating compressor and an internal combustion engine for driving the same A further object is to provide an improved arrangement whereby a re-' ir'igerating compressor cylinder or cylinders may be suitably supported ,on the top of the cylinders of a standard engine while at the same time the difficulties incident to refrigerating compressors are taken care of by improved means embodied injthe engine-compressor unit. Another object is to support the refrigerating compressor .cylinders on the engine cylinder in an improved manner and to'use the latter as crosshead guides for the compressor pistons while the remaining cylinders of the standard engine provide motive power 'for actuating the compressor, these features all "being obtained without any material alteration to the existing engines. It will however be understood that while no material alteration is necessary to the engine thereby pi rmitting the conversion of a standardlengine to an engine-refrigerating unit, still the combination of a refrigerating compressor with an engine involves features in each which are ordinarily incompatible with each other. To bring this combination of elements into proper cooperating relation so as to obtain an efiicientDiesel-refrigerating unit, I have associated an improved construction with the compressor and engine cylinders which willadequatelytake care of .all'conditions. For instance, the refrigerant herein preferably used is ammonia which if allowed to combi'ne with the oil in the crankcase of the engine would cause destructive action on, the engine parts, particularly those :made of brass or bronze. This action is augmented due to the presence of water moisture in the engine crankcase or in the engine lubricating oil which isnot asjfr'ee of water as the lubricating .oil for the compressor. Only a veryslight amount of ammonia'leakage into the engine crankcase would .be necessary to initiate the destructive action so that it is necessary 'to provide very efficient means for eliminating the seepage of ammonia into the crankcase, it being understood that the immediate superimposed relationof the compressor'and engine cylinder is particularly vconducivelto such seepage, especially in view of the compressor piston rod extending and moving into each cylinder thereby tending to carry the compressor .oil and ammonia absorbed therewith into the engine cylinder on .each successive reciprocation. This possible source of leakage might even be supplemerited by leakage of gaseous ammonia. Packing glands are not only provided to insure against either form of 'leakage'but an improved arrangemerit of glands is provided to reduce leakage to the lowest possible minimum if not entirely eliminate it.

- It is sometimes desirable to use single acting compressor cylinders and to do this while at the same time accomplishing the foregoing objects without unnecessarily heating the non-Working end of thecompressor cylinders, I employ a plurality of single acting compressor cylinders interconnected in an improved manner so as to automatically compensate for the compressing action which would otherwise be present in the nonworking end of thecompressor-cylinders, it being understocd'that even in the case of a single acting ammonia compressor cylinder it is essential'that both ends of the cylinder be .closed.

Other objects and advantages will be more ap parent to those skilled in the ,art from the following description of the accompanying drawings, in which:

n Fig. 1 is a fragmentary view of an engine with two single acting compressor cylinders mounted thereon, certain parts being shown in elevation and the others in section while part of the crankcase is omitted.

Fig. ,2 is a vertical transversesection taken on the line 2- -2 of Fig. 1; and l 1 Fig. 3 is a modificationshowing .a three cylinder engineconvertedinto a one cylinder doubleacting compressor with two engine cylinders used for power purposes.

In the specific embodiment .of the invention shown in Fig. 1 an internal combustion engine '1, preferably of the four cycle Diesel type, has vertical cylinders disposed in alignment and formed either separately or ina block 2 as may be desired. Due to certain desirable operatingcharacteristics, itfis preferable that .a unit consist of three or more cylinders, although under certain circumstances two4cy'linders may be-employedjif desired. In Fig; 1 form the engine is of the six cylinder type thereby providing 'four engine cylinders one of which is generally indicated at 3 while two of the cylinders '4," preferably the two adjacent ones at the end, are used as crosshead guides. The engine cylinders are provided with usual cylinder 'heads 5 containing the inlet and exhaust valve mechanisms and other necessary elements such as the injection valves, exhaust pipes, etc. A detailed description of the engine portion of the arrangement is not necessary except to point out that a crankshaft 6 journalled in suitable bearings is connected to pistons as by usual connecting rods. lhe cylinders 4, identical in every respect to the other cylinders, with the exception of omitting the cylinder head, contain a special crosshead I designed to be in balance with the remaining engine and compressor parts and to be actuated by the regular engine connecting rod 8 and crankshaft 6 and also to provide a suitable connection with the piston rod 9 of the compressor mechanism generally indicated at 1%). Whil all of the detaiis of construction and operation have to do with refrigeration it will of course be understood that certain features may be used for pumping fluids other than refrigerants.

Inasmuch as the two compressors on the cylinders 4 are identical, the description of one will suiiice for both. The compressor has a cylinder 11 provided with any suitable intake and exhaust ports and controlling valve mechanism 12 therefor. This cylinder may be cooled in any suitable manner such as by a water jacket 13 and if desired the well-known multiple efiect may be had by the provision of a chamber 14 communicating as through a series of radial ports 15 when the compressor piston 16 is in its lower position. The cylinderll and piston 16 comprise a single acting compressor although the lower end of the coinpressor cylinder is closed by the cylinder casting 17 being supported on and preferably cast integrally with an insulation base 18, which in turn is directly supported to the engine cylinder. The base 18 by amply spacing the compressor cylinder from the engine and by providing a relatively large air chamber 19, which is preferably open to the atmosphere as through side openings 20 although these may be closed if desired, insures minimum heat transfer from the engine to the compressor, it being understood that considerable heat is generated in Diesel engine cylinders which of course are cooled as effectively as possible with water but which may nevertheless still allow considerable heat to be transferred to the compressor cylinder except for my improved arrangement. In addition to accomplishing this function the base 18 provides an arrangement whereby improved means can be adequately associated with the piston rod 21 so as to prevent or reduce to a minimum, transmission of ammonia or other refrigerant into the engine crankcase (not completely shown). This improved means includes the partition 23 for closing the lower end of cylinder 11 and another partition 2 ifor closing the top of engine cylinder 4. Projecting upwardly from a flange 25 and through a suitable enlarged opening concentric to piston rod 21 is a cylindrical hollow cap 26 containing a series of packing rings 2'7 which areheld in position by the closed upper end of projection 26 and a lower oil wiper 28 which like flange 25 is removably secured to partition 1'7 as by bolts or screws. The lower partition 24 entirely closes the upper end of cylinder 4 and is provided with a further oil wiper 29. It is thus seen that the partition 24 and oil wiper 29 together prevent not only transmission of a film of oil on the piston rods from the engine to the compressor cylinder or vice Versa but in addition the engine cylinder is entirely closed so that breathing action by the engine will not cause ainist of oil to gather within chamber 19 and thereby collect on the surface of piston rod 21 and be carried into the compressor cylinder. At the same time partition 24 prevents blowing of air in and out through openings 20 in case these should be uncovered. On the other hand, the packing 27 prevents ammonia gas which may happen to have leaked into the lower end of the compressor cylinder 11 to leak out along piston 21 and into the atmosphere while the oil Wiper 28 prevents a film of compressor oil being carried out on the surface of the piston rod and into the engine cylinder.

It is thus seen that each element of this improved compressor-engine combination may be mechanically connected and supported for cooperation With each other while at the same time permitting the compressor and the engine to be supplied individually with their proper lubricating oil without danger of the same becoming mixed to even a small degree. As above pointed out, this is accomplished by the provision of means cooperating with the end of the compressor cylinder and the piston rod to prevent transmission of the compressor oil and further means cooperating with the engine crosshead and the piston rod to prevent transmission of the engine oil, these two elements being particularly effective in combination with the insulating base 18 and the enlarged chamber 19 wherein ample air circulation may be had and proper attention given to the elements 28 and 29 both for inspection, adjustment and repair. 1n addition to performing these functions the base 18 is adapted to permit use of the standard bolts 31 which are normally used for clamping the engine cylinder heads 5 in position.

Compensating means are also provided for eliminating the compressing action in the lower end of the compressor cylinder which would otherwise be present due to these cylinders being closed at the lower end by partitions 23. For instance, the compressor cylinder castings 32 are provided with suitable openings 33 to which a pipe 34 is connected. This pipe and the openings 33 allow free communication between each of the plurality of compressor cylinders so that when one of thecompressor pistons is moving downwardly during part of its stroke, the piston in the other compressor cylinder will be moving upwardly, thereby per-- mitting the compressing action in the lower end of one cyiinder to be compensated through the pipe 34 bythe upward piston movement in the other cylinder. This pipe 34 might also be referred to as an equalizing pipe. It will be noted also that 'thispipe is advantageous in further reducing the escape of ammonia through the packing glands due to the fact that when the compressor piston moves downwardly the ammonia or' other refrigerant is freely and easily transferred away from the cylinder with no appreciable increase in pressure whereas if the gas was trapped within the lower end of the cylinder under pressure its escape to atmosphere could only be prevented by packing 27 with consequent increased wear and decreased effectiveness thereof.

An alternative to the equalizer pipe is a pipe connecting the lower end of a compressor cylinder to the suction pipe leading to the compressor. This means would be used in case only one singleacting compressor cylinder is embodied in a unit.

The modification of Fig. 3 discloses a double acting compressor cylinder 41 having a suitable piston 42 closed at each end adapted to cooperate with suitable laterally disposed valves generally indicated at V. The piston rod extends through a packing gland 43 while the cylinder 41 is removably supported upon a base 44 as by bolted flanges 46. This removability of cylinder 41 is one of the distinctions over the integral construction shown in the preferred form. There is also provided an enlarged chamber 47 separat'edas by a removably secured'partition 48 from the upper open'end of cross guide '49. Instead of using a special cross head as in the preferred form, a piston type of cross-head 50 is used, this having a boss at its upper end to which the piston'rod 51 is secured. Suitable openings may be provided in the base 44 to provide suflicient access -'to' the packing glands 43. The engine shown n the modified form is of the three cylinder four cycle type, it otherwisebeing in all substantial respects identical to the preferred form of engine'inthat the cylinder heads 5, cylinder block 2 and crankcase 1 are arranged in'the same manner.--In either form it is clear that any one of the engine cylinders may be used for crosshead guides or for power purposes and that they are interchangeable.

It will of course be understood that various changes and modifications maybe made Without departing from the spirit of theinvention asset forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. The combination in refrigerating apparatus comprising an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, certain of which are used for power generating purposes and another of which is used for a crosshead guide a crosshead disposed in said guide cylinden-a refrigerating compressor cylinder supported by said enginein substantially axial alignment with said guide cylinder and'having a piston and piston rod connected to said crosshead guide- 2. The combination in'refrigeratingapparatus comprising an internal combustion engine hav ing a plurality of cylinders, certain of which are used for power generating purposes andothers of which are used for crosshead guides, a crosshead disposed in each of the guide cylinders, single acting refrigerating compressor cylinders supported by said engine and disposed in substantially axial alignment with each of the guide cylinders, compressor pistons connected to said crossheads, and a compensating passage allowing communication between the non-working ends of said'compressor cylinders.

3. The combination in refrigerating apparatus comprising an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, certain of which are used for a crosshead guide, a crosshead disposed in said guide cylinder, a refrigerating compressor cylinder, an insulating base-supported on top of said guide cylinder for carrying said'compressor cylinder in substantially axial alignment therewith, a compressor piston and piston rod connected to said crosshead, and means spaced from the top of saidguide cylinder for closing the end of said compressor cylinder adjacent the engine, including packing for saidpiston rod.

4. The combination in refrigerating apparatus comprising an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, certain of which are used for power generating purposes and another of which is used for a crosshead guide, a crosshead disposed in said guide cylinder, a refrigerating compressor cylinder, an insulating base supported on top of said guide cylinder for carrying said compressor cylinder in substantially axial alignment therewith, a compressor piston and piston rod connected to said crosshead, means spaced from the top of said guide cylinder for closing the end of said compressor cylinder adjacent the engine, including packing for said'piston rod,-and means for closing the upper end of said guide cylinder and through which said piston rod extends.

5} The combination in refrigerating apparatus comprising an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, certain of which are used for power generating purposes and another of which is used for a crosshead guide, a refrigerating compressor cylinder disposed in substantially axial alignment with said guide cylinder, a chamberedfbase interposed between said engineand compressor cylinder for supporting the compressor by the-engine', meansv for closing the adjacentends of said compressor and guide cylinders, and means providing an opening in said base to permit access to-the chamber therein and to the adjacent ends ofsaid cylinders.

6. The'combination in refrigerating apparatus comprising an internal combustion engine havinga plurality of cylinders, certain of which are used for power generating purposes and another of which is used for a crosshead guide, a crosshead disposed in said guidecylinder, a single acting compressor cylinder supported by said engine in substantially axial alignment with said guide cylinder andhaving a piston rod connectedto said crosshead, and means for closing the non-working end of said compressor cylinder.'

"7. The combination in a Diesel-compressor unit comprising a multiple cylinder Diesel engine whose cylinders are substantially identical and normally designed for power purposes, a crosshead guide in certain of said cylinders which are converted from an engine cylinder. into a crosshead guide, means for supporting a compressor cylinder on said guide cylinder, and a compressor piston and rod connected to said crosshead. 8. The combination in a Diesel-compressor unit comprising astandard engine of the type having removable cylinder heads containing usual valve mechanism and means for removably securing said heads in position, one of said cylinders being converted into a crosshead guide by omitting its cylinder head, a crosshead disposed in said converted cylinder, and a compressor cylinder having a base adapted to support the compressor cylinder on and in substantially axial alignment with said guide cylinder, said base being secured in position by the holding means normally provided for an engine cylinder head.

9. The combination comprising an internal cylinder is disposed, a compressor piston, and a rod therefor extending through said base and connected to said crosshead.

10. The combination comprising an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders all of which are adapted to be used for power generating purposes when provided with cylinder heads, means for normally removably securing substantially identical heads to the cylinders, a compressor cylinder having a base adapted to be substituted for any cylinder head and be held in position by the securingmeans therefor, a crosshead disposed in the engine cylinder over which the compressor cylinder is disposed, a compressor piston, and a rod therefor extending through said base and connected to said crosshead. V

11. The combination comprising an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders all of which are adapted to be used for power generating purposes when provided with cylinder heads, means for normally removably securing said heads to the cylinders, a compressor cylinder having a base adapted to be substituted for any cylinder head and be held in position by the securing means therefor, a crosshead disposed in the engine cylinder over which the compressor cylinder is disposed, a compressor piston and rod extending through said base and connected to said crosshead, said base being provided with a relatively large chamber, and a plurality of means disposed therein and spaced apart axially of said piston rod to close the adjacent ends of said compressor and guide cylinders.

12. The combination in a single unit comprising, a plurality of internal combustion engine cylinders each having a single-acting trunk piston and connecting rod serving only as an engine rod, a plurality of single-acting compressor' cylinders each having a piston, piston rod, crosshead and connecting rod which serves only as a compressor rod; all of said connecting rods being connected to a common crankshaft, and said crankshaft and connecting rods being contained in a common crankcase having means providing crosshead guides for said compressor connecting rods. I

13. The combination in a single unit comprising, a plurality of internal combustion engine cylinders each having a single-acting trunk piston and connecting rod, a plurality of singleacting compressor cylinders each having a piston, piston rod, crosshead and connecting rod; each of said connecting rods serving only for engine or compressor purposes and being connected to a common crankshaft, and said crankshaft and connecting rods being contained in a common crankcase, said crankcase being closed from the external atmosphere adjacent to the compressor cylinders and having means providing crosshead guides for said compressor connecting rods.

14. The combination in a single unit comprising, a plurality of internal combustion engine cylinders each having a'single-acting trunk piston and connecting rod, a plurality of single-acting compressor cylinders each having a piston, piston rod, crosshead and connectingrod; each of said connecting rods serving only for engine or compressor purposes and being connected to acommon crankshaft, the cranks for each pair of compressor cylinders being at 180 from each other, and said crankshaft and connecting rods being contained in a common crankcase having means providing crosshead guides for said compressor connecting rods.

15. The combination in refrigerating apparatus comprising an internal combustion engine having a common crankcase provided with a plurality of cylinders, certain of which are used for power generating purposes and another of which is used for a crosshead guide, a crosshead disposed in said guide cylinder, a refrigerating compressor cylinder supported by said engine in substantially axial alignment with said guide cylinder and having a piston and piston rod connected to said crosshead guide, all of said cylinders being connected to said common crankcase.

. 16. The combination in refrigerating apparatus comprising an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, certain of which are used for power generating purposes and another of which is used for a crosshead guide, a crosshead disposed in said guide cylinder, a singleacting compressor cylinder supported by said engine in substantially axial alignment with said guide cylinder and having a piston and piston rod connected to said crosshead, means for closing the non-working end of said compressor cylinder, and means providing a fluid connection between the non-working end of said compressor cylinder and the suction side of the cylinder.

- HERMAN H. HUNAEUS.

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