US1925954A - Electric relay - Google Patents

Electric relay Download PDF

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Publication number
US1925954A
US1925954A US410802A US41080229A US1925954A US 1925954 A US1925954 A US 1925954A US 410802 A US410802 A US 410802A US 41080229 A US41080229 A US 41080229A US 1925954 A US1925954 A US 1925954A
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United States
Prior art keywords
armature
relay
magnetic
airgap
contact
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Expired - Lifetime
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US410802A
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English (en)
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Henri Jean Joseph Marie De De
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Individual
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke

Definitions

  • An object of my invention is to provide a sensitive relay whose armature stroke and contact pressure for a fixed operating current is increased over previous relays.
  • a further object of my invention is to provide a high speed sensitive relay in which the armature space from its engaging contact is increased to a value exceeding the diameter of the particles which are torn off when operating.
  • Still a further object of my invention is to provide a high speed sensitive relay having novel relationship, between the positioning of the parts.
  • a still further object of my invention is to provide a sensitive high speed inexpensive relay operating in response to small amounts of current for industrial use and reliable for precise control and which will not require periodic inspection in order to maintain its properties indefinitely.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 are side elevational views of preferred forms of my invention.
  • Figure 3 is a curve showing the relation between the airgap and the magnetic and spring tension in accordance with which my relays are constructed and adjusted.
  • Figure 4 is a curve showing the relation between the biasing current of my relay and the deflection of the armature of the relay.
  • Figure 5 shows the principle of hysteresis curves applied to my invention.
  • Figures 6 and 7 are cross-sectional views showing details, dealing with methods of overcoming effects of thermal expansion of my relays
  • Figure 8 is a diagrammatic view of the preferred form of my relay in operation.
  • FIG. 1 the relay is shown with a magnetic circuit having legs 1 and 3 connected to a core 2 in conjunction with an armature 4 screwed My invention more particularly fast to leg 3 by screw 14 and a pole piece 1'7 formed.
  • Ar mature 4 exerts an elastic force due to cantilever action. Its free end is confined in movement by the screws 9 and 10 threaded through suitably insulated blocks 23 and 23. Leads are indicated from the contact screws -9 and 10 for circuits to be operated by the relay.
  • Two sets of terminals 5-5 and 18-18, 1, are wound around the core mined fixed biasing current supplied tery, as shown in Figure 8,
  • windings each having its own as shown in Figure 2.
  • the abscissa represents the length of the airgap.
  • the positive ordinate (upwards) represents the force of the magnetic attraction tending to bring the armature 4 toward the movable polepiece 17;
  • Lines 24 and 25 show the relation between the elastic force and the airgap. As shown,theseare straight line relations whose inclinations depend on the stiffness of the spring, inasmuch as the elastic resistance of the spring is practically propor- 5 tional to the deflection. does not exceed a few This deflection usually tenths of a millimeter.
  • the elastic resistance as a function of the airgap is represented by the straight line 24.
  • the 1 elastic resistance is represented by a parallel line 25 If the airgap is so placed that an initial airgap 0-27 is obtained (with no current) and then a current is caused to flow through one of the windings of such a value that the magnetic attraction versus airgap characteristic will be represented by the curve 22, the armature will be attracted by the magnetic force; but this attraction will be impeded by the elastic force of the spring. When these two forces are in equilibrium, the armature will come to rest. These two There is, however, an important distinction between these two points where the forces are equal and opposite.
  • a decrease of the airgap makes the elastic force predominate and thus tends to keep the airgap from decreasing beyond the equilibrium point.
  • an increase in the airgap makes the magnetic force predominate and thus tends to further decrease the airgap and cause the moving away from equilibrium.
  • an increase in the airgap makes the elastic force predominate, and the airgap is thus further increased until the first point of equilibrium 29 is reached, and thus tends to cause the moving away from equilibrium point 30.
  • a stop and contacts such as. 9'and 10 in the case of my invention for stopping and making contact with the armature in operation, must be placed at a greater distance from the pole face than 0-31 and at less distance from poleface than 0-36 to give positive contact pressure. 7
  • the turning of pole piece 17 causes a shift of stable equilibrium points from 29 along the curve until point 34, which is the point of tangency to curve 22 of a line parallel toline 28.
  • point 34 we are at a point of indifferent equilibrium; that is, where an increase of airgap causes a stable equilibrium, and a decrease of airgap, an unstable equilibrium.
  • Decrease of the airgap distance the least bit further by turning pole 17 causes the armature to and this serves as the important indication of the proper spacing of the pole piece 17 from the armature 4 according to my invention.
  • the line of elastic force will lie entirely below the curve 22.
  • a change in magnetizing flux causes a shift in the equilibrium point the distance of 3440, much greater than distance 36-31 as hereinbefore described.
  • the magnetizing current is now supplied to the relay, and it is increased by known successive steps. Each time the angle, through which the screw 10 must be turned in order to bring it into contact with the armature 4, is observed by watching for a deflection of the voltmeter.
  • the pitch of the screw being known, such angles correspond to the calculable linear displacements, which displacements are-plotted as ordinates as a function of the magnetizing current.
  • M the sensitiveness of the relay is measured. by the trigonometrical tangent of the angle on since a variation Mm of the operating current will cause a displacement mn. of the armature. This sensitiveness has an infinite value'fo'r the exact adjustment Mo corresponding to the indifferent equilibrium mentioned here- I before.
  • this equilibrium is obtained with a current of five milliamperes and a deflection of the armature of 0.28 millimeters.
  • Figure 4 supplies data for two purposes; one, the limits of position to be fixed during manufacture so as to maintain a degree of accuracy within 0.01 millimeter or thereabout; and second, the margin of safety necessary to allow such that all incompletely corrected errors (hysteresis, thermal expansion, or the like) will not cause the -unstable equilibriumof the armature in the future use of the relay. Details of construction dealing with these last matters will hereinafter be described.
  • Screw 9 is now set to come into contact with armature 4. When in this definite position, screw 9 is set fast.
  • the contact screw 10 is now screwed so as to bring the three parts 10, 4, and 9 into short-circuit, and then starting from this definite position, the contact screw 10 is moved to the rear by a quantity equal to the proper stroke to be given to the armature, as determined from the curve 4; that is, 0.03 milli-
  • the contact screw 10 is now in its definite position.
  • the relay can be sealed, marketed, and put into permanent use for the biasing current last described, without further mechanical changes.
  • FIG 8 I have illustrated one specific system by which my relay is used.
  • the terminals 18 are connected to a biasing battery, terminals 5 to a signalling line, contact 10 is connected through a battery to a device 25 to be operated by the relay in accordance to signals received over line 5.
  • Contact 9 is shown connected to a battery in the reverse direction to device 25 and to a device 26.
  • the relay is here adapted to operate as a polarized relay.
  • the relay To control these factors within the desired limits of operation, the relay must be so constructed as to minimize these sources of variation.
  • the armature is secured by means of members having the same .coeflicient of thermal expansion, and preferably consisting of 159 the same metal, if possible. This can be effected by the method of assembling shown in Figure '7, in which the core, the armature, and the bolt consist of such metal.
  • the sealing up of the relay constitutes not only an advantage, but also a practical necessity, for in order to operate satisfactorily and for a long time, a sensitive apparatus of this kind must be protected against any operations on the part of the persons occupied with the apparatus, who have not the proper means for keeping the apparatus in order.
  • a sensitive and reliable relay which is constructed, set, and sealed according to my invention, I am insuring a guaranty of proper service.
  • a tensioned armature having two positions, a magnetic core having a pole piece, said armature and core forming a magnetic path, an air-gap between said armature and pole piece in said magnetic path varying in length as said armature moves from one position to its alternate position, the relation of the magnetic reluctance of the magnetic path, the spring tension on the armature .and the magneto motor force in the path being such that the curve showing the relation between the armature spring tension and the distance of said air gap is substantially tangential to the curve showing the relation between the magnetic force and the air-gap distance.
  • a tensioned armature having two positions, a magnetic core having a pole piece, said armature and core forming a magnetic path, an air-gap between said armature and pole piece in said magnetic path varying in length as said armature moves from one position to its alternate position, means for producing a biasing flux in said path to normally maintain said armature in one position and means for producing an opposing flux to move said armature to its opposite position, the relation of the magnetic reluctance of the magnetic path, the spring being such that the curve showing the relation between the armature spring tension and the distance of said air gap is substantially tangential to the curve show- 1 ing the relation between the magnetic force and the air-gap distance.
  • a tensioned armature having two positions, a magnetic core having a pole piece, said armature and core forming a magnetic path, an air-gap between said armature and pole piece in said magnetic path varying in length as said armature moves from one position to its alternate position
  • the method of adjusting the relay which comprises inducing a predetermined flux in the magnetic circuit, adjusting the air-gap until a state of unstable equilibrium between spring tension and magnetic force is produced and thereafter further adjusting the air gap just enough to produce a stable equilibrium between the magnetic force and spring tension.
  • a tensioned armature having two positions, a magnetic core having a pole piece, said armature and core forming a magnetic path, an air-gap between said armature and pole piece in said magnetic path varying in length as said armature moves from one position to its alternate position
  • the methodoi adjusting the relay which comprises inducing a predetermined flux in the magnetic circuit, adjusting the air-gap until a state of unstable equilibrium between spring tension and magnetic force is produced and thereafter decreasing the air gap just suflicient to move the armature to its alternate position.
  • a tensioned armature having two positions controlled by front and back stops, a magnetic core having a pole piece, said armature and core forming a magnetic path, an air-gap, between said armature and pole piece in said magnetic path varying in length as said armature moves from one position to'its alternate position,
  • the method of adjusting the relay which comprises inducing a predetermined flux in the magnetic circuit adjusting the air-gap until a state of unstable equilibrium between spring tension and magnetic force is produced and thereafter decreasing the air-gap just sufiicient to move the armature to its alternate position, discontinuing the predetermined flux to release the armature inducing a biasing flux slightly less than the predetermined flux, adjusting one armature position controlling contact to engage the armature, moving the second contact stop to engage the armature and thereafter moving the second contact a. predetermined distance to produce a predetermined armature movement.
  • a magnetic circuit comprising a spring tensioned armature, air-gap, pole face and core, means for generating a. predetermined magneto motor force in said magnetic circuit for inducing a flux to act on said armature against said spring tension, the reluctance of said magnetic circuit being such that any increase in said magneto motor force tends to cause said armature to move into contact with said pole face and a contact for preventing said armature from responding to said change.
  • a magnetic circuit comprising a spring tensioned armature, air-gap, pole face and core, means for generating a predetermined magneto motor force in said magnetic circuit for inducing a flux to act on said armature against said spring tension, the reluctance of said magnetic circuit being such that any increase in said ma neto motor force tends to cause said armature to move into contact with said pole face, a contact for preventing said armature from responding to said change, a second contact and means for inducing a further magneto motive force for opposing said predetermined magneto motive force to permit said armature to move to said second contact.
  • a relay comprising a pair of core members having opposite pole faces spaced by an initial gap to form a magnetic path, said pole faces being adapted to move into engagement with each other, restoring means acting on said core members tending to restore the same to said initial gap position, means for producing in said path a steady magnetic flux close to the value of flux under the condition of indifierent equilibrium in which said fiux exercises in said gap a force slightly different than the restoring force and upon slight increase of the flux overpowers said restoring force and causes said pole faces to move into contact with each other and means for actuating the relay by inducing an additional flux in said path.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
US410802A 1928-12-12 1929-11-30 Electric relay Expired - Lifetime US1925954A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR679373T 1928-12-12

Publications (1)

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US1925954A true US1925954A (en) 1933-09-05

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US410802A Expired - Lifetime US1925954A (en) 1928-12-12 1929-11-30 Electric relay

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US (1) US1925954A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE365932A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR679373A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB350487A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2998551A (en) * 1958-07-24 1961-08-29 Automatic Switch Co Frequency-responsive relay system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2774564A (en) * 1951-05-24 1956-12-18 Gen Controls Co Electromagnetically operated controller for valves or the like

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2998551A (en) * 1958-07-24 1961-08-29 Automatic Switch Co Frequency-responsive relay system

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Publication number Publication date
FR679373A (fr) 1930-04-11
BE365932A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB350487A (en) 1931-06-12

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