US1925857A - Electric incandescent lamp - Google Patents
Electric incandescent lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1925857A US1925857A US557452A US55745231A US1925857A US 1925857 A US1925857 A US 1925857A US 557452 A US557452 A US 557452A US 55745231 A US55745231 A US 55745231A US 1925857 A US1925857 A US 1925857A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filament
- incandescent lamp
- electric incandescent
- gas
- bulb
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/02—Incandescent bodies
- H01K1/04—Incandescent bodies characterised by the material thereof
Definitions
- My invention relates to electric lamps and more particularly to electric incandescent lamps and similar devices which comprise a filament composed of refractory metal such as tungsten or carbon.
- a gas filling for such lamps consisting of a material which reacts with the material of the filament according to a certain cyclic process has advantages over a filling of inert gas. A reaction takes place below certain temperatures between the gas filling and the material of the filament to form one or more compounds and at a higher temperature those compounds are dissociated and the material which had evaporated from the filament is returned. For example, if a tungsten wire is heated to 1000 C.
- the compound WCls will be formed and it will subsequently be dissociated at the surface of the filament when it reaches a temperature over 1700 C., forming W+3Clz, the free tungsten being deposited on the said filament.
- the parts of the filament which glow at a temperature where the compound is formed but which do not reach a temperature high enough to cause the subsequent dissociation of the compound, are protected by a material against the action of the gas filling. This is accomplished by coating the filament entirely or partially with said material.
- Such material is preferably such that it is not effective at the higher temperatures since the gas filling does not have a detrimental action on the filament at said higher temperature on account of the redisposition or return of the filament material.
- the gas filling may consist of a halogen such as chlorine, bromine or iodine or compounds or mixtures thereof, and these may or may not be mixed with inert gases such as are ordinarily used in gas-filled incandescent lamps of the type disclosed in Langmuir Patent No. 1,180,159.
- a halogen such as chlorine, bromine or iodine or compounds or mixtures thereof
- inert gases such as are ordinarily used in gas-filled incandescent lamps of the type disclosed in Langmuir Patent No. 1,180,159.
- the pressure of the gas-filling should be some- -where between the minimum at which the cycle is just fast enough to increase the life of the filament sufiiciently and the maximum above which the pressure during the glowing of the filament becomes so high as to be dangerous.
- the bulb may be filled initially with the gas or a material may be placed in the bulb from which the heat of the filament will develop the haloid or compound.
- FIG. 1 illustrating a lamp having the leads and adjacent portions of the filament coated with a protective layer
- Fig. 2 shows a lamp provided with a double helical filament coated entirely with a protective layer.
- the filament material may be tungsten, carbon, rhenium, or other material of sufficiently refractory character, but tungsten is preferred, and the form of the filament is preferably helical or double helical.
- the critical temperature below which the cyclic process does not take place is about 1700 C. for tungsten.
- the protective material for the filament should supply this protection up to at least 1700 C.
- the filament may be covered entirely or partly with the protective material.
- the metal parts which support the filament may be covered with protective material.
- the materials which may serve for protection may be an oxide of high melting point or a nitride, carbide, boride, silicide or mixture of these.
- SiOz, A1203, beryllium nitride, titanium nitride, titanium carbide, calcium orthosilicate (Ca2SiO4) and sillimanite (A12SiO5) may be used.
- the material must be chosen with regard to its coeflicient of expansion and that of the filament material. Difierent layers of materials may be used. Straight or spiral filaments may be utilized. It is not necessary that the protective material be coated on the filament as the filament may, for instance, be partly sealed in a protective tube.
- a tungsten coiled filament as shown in Fig. 1 may be located in a bulb 1 which is filled with chlorine at a pressure of 1 mm. mercury.
- the leads 2 and portions of the filament 3 adjacent thereto are covered with a protective layer of one of the materials hereinbefore referred to.
- Fig. l is a lamp comprising a coiled filament located in a bulb filled with bromine of 10 mm. pressure. Those parts of the filament and of the leads which glow below the critical temperature are covered with a protective layer.
- Fig. 2 is a bulb 4 filled with chlorine or bromine and containing a double helical filament 5. The entire filament and leads 6 are covered with the protective layer. When the lamp is turned on, the protective layer will be evaporated from those portions which reach a sufiiciently high temperature. Where support wires 7 are used, these. may be also coated with protective material.
- An electric incandescent lamp comprising a filament, leads connected to said filament, a bulb ment being of material which reacts with the gasfilling according to a cyclic process, and a protective material covering hermetically at least suchparts of said filament as are adjacent to said leads and do not reach a comparatively high temperature and would be otherwise injuriously afiected by said gas filling.
- An electric incandescent lamp comprising a filament, leads connected to said filament, a bulb having a gas filling comprising a haloid mixed with an inert gas, said filament being 01' material which reacts with the gas-filling according to a cyclic process, and a protective material covering hermetically at least such parts of said filament as are adjacent to said leads and do not reach a comparatively high temperature and would be otherwise injuriously affected by said gas filling.
- An electric incandescent lamp comprising a tungsten filament, leads connected to said filament, a bulb having a gas filling comprising a haloid, said filament being or material which reacts with the gas-filling according to a cyclic process, and a protective material covering her- 4.
- An electric incandescent lamp comprising a filament, leads connected to said filament, a bulb having a gas filling comprising a haloid, saidfilament being of material which reacts with the gas filling according to a cyclic process, and a protective'material consisting of an oxide or high melting point covering at least such parts of said filament as are adjacent to said leads and do not reach a comparatively high temperature 1 and would be otherwise injuriously affected by said gas filling.
Description
S p 1933- J. A. M. VAN LIEMPT 1,925,857
ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMP Filed Aug. 17, 1931 U/7/0ri/1e OI' Bromine Caafed Chlorine 0! ,4 Bromine.
6 fielically Un /led lle/ix.
7 UoaIed In ventor Johannes A.M.Van Liernpt,
His Attorney.
Patented Sept. 5, 1933 UNITED STATES ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMP Johannes Antonius Marla Van Liempt, Eindlioven,
Netherlands, assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Application August 17,
1931, Serial No. 557,452,
and in the Netherlands January 22, 1930 4 Claims.
My invention relates to electric lamps and more particularly to electric incandescent lamps and similar devices which comprise a filament composed of refractory metal such as tungsten or carbon. A gas filling for such lamps consisting of a material which reacts with the material of the filament according to a certain cyclic process has advantages over a filling of inert gas. A reaction takes place below certain temperatures between the gas filling and the material of the filament to form one or more compounds and at a higher temperature those compounds are dissociated and the material which had evaporated from the filament is returned. For example, if a tungsten wire is heated to 1000 C. in an atmosphere of chlorine, the compound WCls will be formed and it will subsequently be dissociated at the surface of the filament when it reaches a temperature over 1700 C., forming W+3Clz, the free tungsten being deposited on the said filament. According to my invention the parts of the filament, which glow at a temperature where the compound is formed but which do not reach a temperature high enough to cause the subsequent dissociation of the compound, are protected by a material against the action of the gas filling. This is accomplished by coating the filament entirely or partially with said material. Such material is preferably such that it is not effective at the higher temperatures since the gas filling does not have a detrimental action on the filament at said higher temperature on account of the redisposition or return of the filament material.
According to my invention, the gas filling may consist of a halogen such as chlorine, bromine or iodine or compounds or mixtures thereof, and these may or may not be mixed with inert gases such as are ordinarily used in gas-filled incandescent lamps of the type disclosed in Langmuir Patent No. 1,180,159. In selecting the material, the matters of breakdown voltage, heat conduction and velocity of reaction must be considered. The pressure of the gas-filling should be some- -where between the minimum at which the cycle is just fast enough to increase the life of the filament sufiiciently and the maximum above which the pressure during the glowing of the filament becomes so high as to be dangerous. The bulb may be filled initially with the gas or a material may be placed in the bulb from which the heat of the filament will develop the haloid or compound.
The accompanying drawing shows incandescent lamps to which my invention is applicable, Fig. 1 illustrating a lamp having the leads and adjacent portions of the filament coated with a protective layer, and Fig. 2 shows a lamp provided with a double helical filament coated entirely with a protective layer.
The filament material may be tungsten, carbon, rhenium, or other material of sufficiently refractory character, but tungsten is preferred, and the form of the filament is preferably helical or double helical. The critical temperature below which the cyclic process does not take place is about 1700 C. for tungsten. The protective material for the filament should supply this protection up to at least 1700 C. The filament may be covered entirely or partly with the protective material. In addition the metal parts which support the filament may be covered with protective material. The materials which may serve for protection may be an oxide of high melting point or a nitride, carbide, boride, silicide or mixture of these. For example, SiOz, A1203, beryllium nitride, titanium nitride, titanium carbide, calcium orthosilicate (Ca2SiO4) and sillimanite (A12SiO5) may be used. The material must be chosen with regard to its coeflicient of expansion and that of the filament material. Difierent layers of materials may be used. Straight or spiral filaments may be utilized. It is not necessary that the protective material be coated on the filament as the filament may, for instance, be partly sealed in a protective tube.
As a specific example, a tungsten coiled filament as shown in Fig. 1 may be located in a bulb 1 which is filled with chlorine at a pressure of 1 mm. mercury. The leads 2 and portions of the filament 3 adjacent thereto are covered with a protective layer of one of the materials hereinbefore referred to. Another specific example, as also indicated .in Fig. l is a lamp comprising a coiled filament located in a bulb filled with bromine of 10 mm. pressure. Those parts of the filament and of the leads which glow below the critical temperature are covered with a protective layer. Another specific example, as illustrated by Fig. 2 is a bulb 4 filled with chlorine or bromine and containing a double helical filament 5. The entire filament and leads 6 are covered with the protective layer. When the lamp is turned on, the protective layer will be evaporated from those portions which reach a sufiiciently high temperature. Where support wires 7 are used, these. may be also coated with protective material.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. An electric incandescent lamp comprising a filament, leads connected to said filament, a bulb ment being of material which reacts with the gasfilling according to a cyclic process, and a protective material covering hermetically at least suchparts of said filament as are adjacent to said leads and do not reach a comparatively high temperature and would be otherwise injuriously afiected by said gas filling.
2. An electric incandescent lamp comprising a filament, leads connected to said filament, a bulb having a gas filling comprising a haloid mixed with an inert gas, said filament being 01' material which reacts with the gas-filling according to a cyclic process, and a protective material covering hermetically at least such parts of said filament as are adjacent to said leads and do not reach a comparatively high temperature and would be otherwise injuriously affected by said gas filling.
3. An electric incandescent lamp comprising a tungsten filament, leads connected to said filament, a bulb having a gas filling comprising a haloid, said filament being or material which reacts with the gas-filling according to a cyclic process, and a protective material covering her- 4. An electric incandescent lamp comprising a filament, leads connected to said filament, a bulb having a gas filling comprising a haloid, saidfilament being of material which reacts with the gas filling according to a cyclic process, and a protective'material consisting of an oxide or high melting point covering at least such parts of said filament as are adjacent to said leads and do not reach a comparatively high temperature 1 and would be otherwise injuriously affected by said gas filling.
JOHANNES ANTONIUS MARIA VAN LIEMPT.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1925857X | 1930-01-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1925857A true US1925857A (en) | 1933-09-05 |
Family
ID=19873311
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US557452A Expired - Lifetime US1925857A (en) | 1930-01-22 | 1931-08-17 | Electric incandescent lamp |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1925857A (en) |
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2765416A (en) * | 1953-09-24 | 1956-10-02 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Vapor lamps utilizing chemical compounds |
| US2960642A (en) * | 1958-04-17 | 1960-11-15 | Quartz & Silice S A | Dielectric films and capacitors employing the same |
| US3022436A (en) * | 1960-01-29 | 1962-02-20 | Polaroid Corp | Electric lamps |
| US3048741A (en) * | 1960-08-24 | 1962-08-07 | Duro Test Corp | Arc lamp with self-ballasted arc tube and improved lumen maintenance |
| US3091718A (en) * | 1960-07-08 | 1963-05-28 | Duro Test Corp | Constant lumen maintenance lamp |
| US3263113A (en) * | 1961-07-26 | 1966-07-26 | Philips Corp | Tungsten filament lamp comprising hexafluoride gas at partial pressure not exceeding 10 torrs |
| US3416022A (en) * | 1965-02-24 | 1968-12-10 | Wagner Electric Corp | Tungsten filament iodine cycle incandescent lamp with alkali metal getter |
| US3445713A (en) * | 1966-12-12 | 1969-05-20 | Gen Electric | Halogen cycle incandescent lamp |
| US3453476A (en) * | 1967-06-06 | 1969-07-01 | Gen Electric | Halogen regenerative cycle incandescent lamp |
| US3486063A (en) * | 1967-06-06 | 1969-12-23 | Samuel Ruben | Incandescent lamp |
| US3619701A (en) * | 1968-12-27 | 1971-11-09 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Halogen cycle incandescent lamps |
| US3868230A (en) * | 1972-09-15 | 1975-02-25 | Avco Corp | Tungsten substrate for high-strength high-modulus filament |
| US3898500A (en) * | 1970-01-08 | 1975-08-05 | Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd | Halogen type filament lamp containing phosphorus and nitrogen |
| US4256988A (en) * | 1977-01-17 | 1981-03-17 | Thorn Lighting Limited | Incandescent halogen lamp with protective envelope coating |
| US5285131A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1994-02-08 | University Of California - Berkeley | Vacuum-sealed silicon incandescent light |
| WO1995012211A1 (en) * | 1993-10-26 | 1995-05-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Sealed micromachined vacuum and gas filled devices |
| JP2005276841A (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-10-06 | Patent Treuhand Ges Elektr Gluehlamp Mbh | Incandescent lamp having light-emitting body containing carbide |
| WO2006007814A1 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2006-01-26 | Patent-Treuhand- Gesellschaft Für Elektrische Glühlampen Mhb | Light bulb containing an illumination body that contains carbide |
| US20080036377A1 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2008-02-14 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh | Light Bulb Comprising An Illumination Body That Contains Carbide |
| US20140084785A1 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. | Light source device, method for manufacturing the same and filament |
| US9252006B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2016-02-02 | Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. | Incandescent bulb, filament, and method for manufacturing filament |
-
1931
- 1931-08-17 US US557452A patent/US1925857A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2765416A (en) * | 1953-09-24 | 1956-10-02 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Vapor lamps utilizing chemical compounds |
| US2960642A (en) * | 1958-04-17 | 1960-11-15 | Quartz & Silice S A | Dielectric films and capacitors employing the same |
| US3022436A (en) * | 1960-01-29 | 1962-02-20 | Polaroid Corp | Electric lamps |
| US3091718A (en) * | 1960-07-08 | 1963-05-28 | Duro Test Corp | Constant lumen maintenance lamp |
| US3048741A (en) * | 1960-08-24 | 1962-08-07 | Duro Test Corp | Arc lamp with self-ballasted arc tube and improved lumen maintenance |
| US3263113A (en) * | 1961-07-26 | 1966-07-26 | Philips Corp | Tungsten filament lamp comprising hexafluoride gas at partial pressure not exceeding 10 torrs |
| US3416022A (en) * | 1965-02-24 | 1968-12-10 | Wagner Electric Corp | Tungsten filament iodine cycle incandescent lamp with alkali metal getter |
| US3445713A (en) * | 1966-12-12 | 1969-05-20 | Gen Electric | Halogen cycle incandescent lamp |
| US3453476A (en) * | 1967-06-06 | 1969-07-01 | Gen Electric | Halogen regenerative cycle incandescent lamp |
| US3486063A (en) * | 1967-06-06 | 1969-12-23 | Samuel Ruben | Incandescent lamp |
| US3619701A (en) * | 1968-12-27 | 1971-11-09 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Halogen cycle incandescent lamps |
| US3898500A (en) * | 1970-01-08 | 1975-08-05 | Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd | Halogen type filament lamp containing phosphorus and nitrogen |
| US3868230A (en) * | 1972-09-15 | 1975-02-25 | Avco Corp | Tungsten substrate for high-strength high-modulus filament |
| US4256988A (en) * | 1977-01-17 | 1981-03-17 | Thorn Lighting Limited | Incandescent halogen lamp with protective envelope coating |
| US5285131A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1994-02-08 | University Of California - Berkeley | Vacuum-sealed silicon incandescent light |
| US5493177A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1996-02-20 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Sealed micromachined vacuum and gas filled devices |
| WO1995012211A1 (en) * | 1993-10-26 | 1995-05-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Sealed micromachined vacuum and gas filled devices |
| JP4571879B2 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2010-10-27 | パテント−トロイハント−ゲゼルシヤフト フユール エレクトリツシエ グリユーラムペン ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | Incandescent lamp with carbide-containing phosphor |
| JP2005276841A (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-10-06 | Patent Treuhand Ges Elektr Gluehlamp Mbh | Incandescent lamp having light-emitting body containing carbide |
| WO2006007814A1 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2006-01-26 | Patent-Treuhand- Gesellschaft Für Elektrische Glühlampen Mhb | Light bulb containing an illumination body that contains carbide |
| US20080036377A1 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2008-02-14 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh | Light Bulb Comprising An Illumination Body That Contains Carbide |
| JP2008507099A (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2008-03-06 | パテント−トロイハント−ゲゼルシヤフト フユール エレクトリツシエ グリユーラムペン ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | Incandescent lamp with carbide-containing phosphor |
| CN100583387C (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2010-01-20 | 电灯专利信托有限公司 | Light bulb containing an illumination body that contains carbide |
| US20080012488A1 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2008-01-17 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh | Light Bulb Containing an Illumination Body That Contains Carbide |
| US9252006B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2016-02-02 | Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. | Incandescent bulb, filament, and method for manufacturing filament |
| US20140084785A1 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. | Light source device, method for manufacturing the same and filament |
| US9252007B2 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2016-02-02 | Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. | Light source device, method for manufacturing the same and filament |
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