US19224A - Hydkattlic engine - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIC.

JAMES S. GWYNNE, OF NE\V YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO SAMUEL NICOLSON, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

HYDRAULIC ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 19,224, dated January 26, 1858.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, JAMES STUART GWYNNE, of the city, co-unty, and State of New York, have invented an Improved Engine to be Used for Hydraulic or Various other Purposes; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawing, which denotes a vertical section of the same.

An apparatus constructed to embrace the principle of my invention can be employed, either as a pump, a steam engine or a water meter.

In the drawing, A, is a hollow drum or case furnished with a cylindrical chamber, a, and a shaft, C, extending through it axially. Within the chamber and fixed on the shaft is a cam piston, B, which extends from the shaft and has a short circular arc, c, d, of its periphery in contact or very nearly so with the inner curved surface of the chamber, a. This piston having the form substantially as indicated in the drawing has its opposite sides in contact respectively with the two heads of the case, A, and it supports a cylindrical roller, D, whose periphery rests on it, and within an opening, b, formed through or arranged in the case and over the piston as represented in the drawing, the said opening leading into a chamber, G, which is placed on the case A, and should have its inner curved surface arranged with respect to the opening b, I), as exhibited in the figure.

A pipe, E, leads into the chamber, a, just in rear of and a little below the roller, D, while another pipe, F, leads out of the chamber, G, near the lower part thereof and on the opposite side of the case, A, with reference to that on which the pipe, E, is situated. Now, if a rotary motion be given to the shaft, C, so as to cause the piston, B, to revolve in the chamber, a, and in the direction of the arrow, e, and the pipe, E, is in communication with a vessel or reservoir of water or other liquid, such liquid by the combined operations of the piston and the roller will be drawn up the pipe, E, and into the chamber, a, and will be drawn through the opening, b, and into the air chamber, G, from which it will escape through the pipe, F. The roller, D, will rotate on the periphery of the cam piston and rise and fall within the opening, b, b,

and chambers, a, and, G, the lower part of the curved surface of the latter serving to direct the roller down on the cam piston at such time after the part, c, d, thereof may pass by, the opening, o, b. The chamber, G, performs two functions, that is, it not only operates as an air vessel for the pump chamber a, but it serves to receive the roller and direct it on and toward the piston as specilied. If when the lower end of the pipe, E, is open to the atmosphere or is in communication with a condensing apparatus, we cause steam to pass through the pipe, F, into the chamber, G, and from thence thro-ugh the opening, I), into the chamber a, the steam will press on the piston, B, and cause it to revolve in the direction indicated by the arrow f, until the piston may pass by the entrance of the pipe, E. As soon as this takes place, such steam will pass out of the pipe, E. Immediately, after the piston may have passed the opening b, the steam will again act on it (the piston) so as to force it around, the waste steam escaping ont of the pipe, E. Provided, the shaft, C, be furnished with a fly wheel, the momentum of the latter may be employed to carry the piston by the opening, b, b. In this way, the apparatus may be used as a steam engine or motor. Again, provided water be allowed to iow through the, pipe, F, and into the case, G, and through the opening, b, 7), and upon the piston, such piston will be driven around in the direction denoted by the arrow, f, until the arc, o CZ, of it may have passed by the mouth of the pipe, E, and the opening, ZJ, Z). Then, the water received into the case, a, will be expelled through the pipe, E, `by the further rotation of the piston caused by the pressure of the water in the chamber, G. Thus by knowing' the amount of water discharged by the pipe E, during each entire revolution of the piston We may measure the fiow of water during any period of time provided we ascertain the number of revolutions the piston may have made during such period. This can be done by a counting apparatus such as is Agenerally employed in water meters. Thus the machine may be employed as a water meter.

As it will be necessary to have some means of causing the piston to pass by the pipe, E, and the opening b, b, when the machine is used, either as a pump, steam engine or water meter, the power by which the shaft may be rotated will sutlice for such, when the apparatus may be employed as a pump; but when it is to be used as a steam engine or a fluid meter, a fly wheel may be applied on its shaft, provided the momentum generated in it by the velocity of the shaft may be enough to carry the piston by the opening, but in case such a device cannot be used to advantage, the apparatus may be duplicated, with the exception of the driving'shaft, which may then extend through both chambers, a, and have both the pistons applied to it and in such manner that one shall stand on the shaft in a direction opposite to that in which the other may be arranged thereon. Thus while one piston is in the act of passing the opening b, b, of its case, itwill be drawn or caused to pass by it by the pressure exerted on the other piston so that a continued rotary motion of the shaft will be maintained.

The great advantage of my hydraulic engine is in its simplicity of construction, for it requires no slide valves; also that the roller rotates freely on the periphery of the cam piston while such revolves, the same serving to enable the parts to operate with very little friction and wearF-the gravitating power of the roller, keeping such roller in contact with the piston while the latter is in revolution. In constructing the roller it should be made of greater specific gravity than that of the fluid which may enter the chamber G, and this in order that it may always maintain itself in contact with the piston during the revolution of the latter. In constructing the roller, D, I have made it of a short piece of metallic pipe with an india rubber covering or short gum elastic pipe stretched concentrhically on it. I do not however confine my invention to such a mode of making the said roller.

I am aware, that in the construction of rotary pumps and steam engines, a slide or gate operating with a cam piston has been employed; also, that a roller has been placed in a recess of a rotary piston and made to roll therein and in contact with the inner periphery of the drum or case of the piston during the rotation of the latter. I am also aware of and of course do not claim the rotary pump of Ramell described in Leopolds Theatre' Mac/Lz'narum Hyclmialz'carum, vol. 1, pages 133 and 134. This latter differs essentially from my invention-for in Ramells pump a toothed wheel piston is employed, each tooth of which works in contact with the inner periphery of its surrounding case. In consequence of this, the spaces forholding water in the case are only those which exist between the teeth and as a matter of course must be very limited in their aggregate, in capacity, to the water space in my rotary pump in which the water space surrounds t-he entire eccentric cam piston except that single arc of its surface which is in contact with the periphery of the case. Furtherl more, the eduction passage of the case in my pump is the passage in which the roller is placed, the water in passing out of the case being made to pass directly through the roller passage.

Therefore I claim- 1. Applying and arranging the roller passage, b, the roller, D, and the cam piston, B, together and in the case A, in such manner that a liquid when expelled from the pump may pass out through the said roller passage, b, as described.

I do not claim the combination of an air vessel with a pump, but

Vhat I do claim is- 2. The arrangement of the closed air vessel, G, on the case, A, and in respect to and so as to operate in connection with the opening, b, b, and the roller, D, of the said case, or serve, not only as an air vessel but as a receiver and guide for the roller substantially as herein before set forth.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my signature this 7th day of October A. D. 1857.

J. STUART GVVYNNE.

Witnesses:

R. H. EDDY, F. R. HALE, Jr.

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