US1921054A - Cleaning fluid - Google Patents
Cleaning fluid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1921054A US1921054A US405279A US40527929A US1921054A US 1921054 A US1921054 A US 1921054A US 405279 A US405279 A US 405279A US 40527929 A US40527929 A US 40527929A US 1921054 A US1921054 A US 1921054A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alcohol
- ligroin
- carbon tetrachloride
- mixture
- cleaning fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title description 5
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon tetrachloride Substances ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)O MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 leathers Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQCZQTSHSZLZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloropentane Chemical compound CCCCCCl SQCZQTSHSZLZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFRKUDYZEVQXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloropentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)Cl NFRKUDYZEVQXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
- D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved fluid for cleaning and removing grease, dirt, spots, etc.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon is preferably a mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons having boiling points suitable for this use as explained further in this specification. I prefer to keep the boiling range of the aliphatic hydrocarbons used between 80 and 140 C.
- Ligroin is a name sometimes applied to such petroleum hydrocarbons and has, as commercially marketed, various boiling ranges according to the individual manufacturer, but as above stated it is desirable to maintain this boiling range between 80 and 140 C.
- the alcohol is preferably, though not necessarily, one that cannot be oxidized to a fatty acid of the same number of carbon atoms as the original alcohol, or identified in another way, it is an alcohol whose hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom to which less than two hydrogen atoms are attached.
- examples are iso propyl alcohol, iso butyl alcohol, 2 isomeric forms, tertiary butyl alcohol, tertiary amyl alcohol, 2 isomeric forms, etc.
- These alcohols can all be made from petroleum hydrocarbons. I find it preferable to use an alcohol or alcohol mixture whose boilingpoint or range is within the limit of 80 to 140 C.
- Secondary or tertiary alcohol is preferred because of the fact that a longer carbon chain can be obtained with a minimum boiling point as compared with normal hydrocarbons.
- sec- Carbon tetrachloride has also been used for this purpose but although not ondary butyl alcohol boils at 99 C. and tertiary amyl alcohol boils at 101 C. 1
- the alkyl halide may be a chlorinated hydrocarbon of suitable boili'ng range. Iprefer to use'a chlorinated hydrocarbon or a mixture of chlo'rinated hydrocarbons having a boiling point or range kept within the limits of 12 to 150C. Examples are ethylene dichloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chloro methyl butane, chloro pentane.
- Non-inflammability I prefer to keep the final product such that a flash will not occur when an ordinary sulphur match is lighted and brought into contact with either the liquid or the vapors issuing from an open top evaporatingdish filled with the liquid at room temperature.
- the ligroin of the present application may be treated according to that disclosure to prevent such chemical action before being placed in this product.
- a product consisting of a solution of tertiary amyl alcohol, of ligroin whose boiling range is substantially 80-l20 C., and of carbon tetrachloride.
- a product consisting of substantially 4% alcohol whose hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom to which less than two hydrogen atoms are attached, of 16% ligroin having a boil ing range substantially between 80-120 C., and of 80% carbon tetrachloride by volume.
- a product consisting substantially of 4% tertiary amyl alcohol, of 16% ligroin whose boiling range is 80-120 C., and of 80% carbon tetrachloride by volume.
- a cleaning fluid consisting of a mixture of an alcohol whose hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom to which less than two hydrogen atoms are attached, ligroin having a boiling range between 80 and 120 C. and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon having a boiling range between 12 and l C. in quantity by volume of not more than 30% ligroin, not more than 30% alcohol, and
- a cleaning fluid consisting of a mixture of an alcohol whose hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom to which less than two hydrogen atoms are attached, ligroin having a boiling range between and 120 C. and carbon tetrachloride .in quantity by volume of not more than 30% ligroin, not more than 30% alcohol, and not less than 60% carbon tetrachloride.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
Patented Aug. 8, 1933 CLEANING FLUID- Clyde L. Voress, Charleston, Ya.
No Drawing. Application November 6, "1929 Serial No. 405,279
Claims.
This is a continuation-in-part of'my applicacation No. 295,345, filed July 25, 1928.
This invention relates to an improved fluid for cleaning and removing grease, dirt, spots, etc.
5 from cloth, leathers, or any materials amenable to such cleaning. In the prepartion'of products for this purpose, heretofore it has been found that gasoline usually with a narrower boiling range than motor gasoline is an excellent solvent, but it has the disadvantage that it is highly inflammable and dangerous when in the hands of inexperienced persons.
inflammable, it has a somewhat limited solvent action on the class of grease and dirt stains most frequently found on clothing, and the further disadvantage that its odor is obnoxious to many people, and lingers too long after the liquid has been used.
Now I have found that mixtures of certain aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and alkyl halides prepared and mixed as more specifically described in this specification form superior cleaning fluid. The aliphatic hydrocarbon is preferably a mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons having boiling points suitable for this use as explained further in this specification. I prefer to keep the boiling range of the aliphatic hydrocarbons used between 80 and 140 C.
Ligroin is a name sometimes applied to such petroleum hydrocarbons and has, as commercially marketed, various boiling ranges according to the individual manufacturer, but as above stated it is desirable to maintain this boiling range between 80 and 140 C.
The alcohol is preferably, though not necessarily, one that cannot be oxidized to a fatty acid of the same number of carbon atoms as the original alcohol, or identified in another way, it is an alcohol whose hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom to which less than two hydrogen atoms are attached. Technically, this means a secondary or tertiary alcohol. Examples are iso propyl alcohol, iso butyl alcohol, 2 isomeric forms, tertiary butyl alcohol, tertiary amyl alcohol, 2 isomeric forms, etc. These alcohols can all be made from petroleum hydrocarbons. I find it preferable to use an alcohol or alcohol mixture whose boilingpoint or range is within the limit of 80 to 140 C.
Secondary or tertiary alcohol is preferred because of the fact that a longer carbon chain can be obtained with a minimum boiling point as compared with normal hydrocarbons. As an example normal propyl alcohol boils at 97 0., sec- Carbon tetrachloride has also been used for this purpose but although not ondary butyl alcohol boils at 99 C. and tertiary amyl alcohol boils at 101 C. 1
It is a well known fact that the length of the carbon chain hasconsiderable influence in the solvent power ofcompounds for various purposes. 0 To get the necessary solvent balance in solvent power in my cleaning solution, I prefer the alcoholhave the longer carbon chain. The alkyl halide may be a chlorinated hydrocarbon of suitable boili'ng range. Iprefer to use'a chlorinated hydrocarbon or a mixture of chlo'rinated hydrocarbons having a boiling point or range kept within the limits of 12 to 150C. Examples are ethylene dichloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chloro methyl butane, chloro pentane.
The proportion of the representatives of the three classes of solvents in the mixture may be varied at will but I prefer to maintain the following characteristics of the mixture:
1. Non-inflammability. I prefer to keep the final product such that a flash will not occur when an ordinary sulphur match is lighted and brought into contact with either the liquid or the vapors issuing from an open top evaporatingdish filled with the liquid at room temperature.
The following is an example of a specific formula which will accomplish this:
Ligroin (B. P. 120 C.) 16 Carbon tetrachloride 80 It will be apparent to anyone skilled in the art that a number of other formulas may be prepared from this description.
2. Non-fractionation. An intimate mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbon, alcohol and alkyl halide, each with properly selected boiling points, will form a series of azeotropic mixtures. These azeotropic mixtures will not sufficiently fractionate insofar as the three classes of solvents entering the mixture are concerned as to permit inflammability if the percentages and boiling points are properly chosen. As an example the formula given above wherein tertiary amyl alcohol with a boiling point of approximately 101 C., ligroin with a boiling point of 80-120 C. and carbon tetrachloride with a boiling point of 76 C. will accomplish the purpose.
Three phase azeotropic mixtures are formed in this formula between the various hydrocarbons, the ligroin, the alcohol and the carbon tetrachloride so that there is insufficient fractionation to permit the material to become inflammable under the test hereinabove outlined, even when a given amount of the liquid is placed in an open top evaporating dish and entirely evaporated. No flash will occur at any time during the evaporation.
No specific statement of exact percentages of alcohol. ligroin and chlorinated hydrocarbon can be made to cover all solutions since the proportion may be varied within narrow limits and still have the characteristics disclosed herein. Furthermore, each specific azeotropic mixture may vary from each other within limits imposed by this disclosure. In general, the amount of alcohol used will not be more than 30%, ligroin more than 30%, or chlorinated hydrocarbon less than 60%. Many other combinations of one or more members of each of the three classes I have named can be made by one skilled in the art by following the disclosure I have made to accomplish the result which I have outlined. Among the advantages of the cleaner I have disclosed are:
. Non-infiammability.
. Leaves no visible residue.
. Has wide general solvent properties.
. Evaporates quickly.
. Odor is not objectionable.
. Is non-poisonous in ordinary vapor concentrations.
Shortly after the filing of the original application 295,345, July 25,1928, of which this is a continuation in part, I filed in the United States Patent Oflice on August 2, 1928, another patent application, Serial No. 297,127 in which I disclosed a method of preventing certain chemical action between gasoline fractions and carbon tetrachloride when exposed to sunlight.
The ligroin of the present application may be treated according to that disclosure to prevent such chemical action before being placed in this product.
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A product consisting of a solution of tertiary amyl alcohol, of ligroin whose boiling range is substantially 80-l20 C., and of carbon tetrachloride.
2. A product. consisting of substantially 4% alcohol whose hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom to which less than two hydrogen atoms are attached, of 16% ligroin having a boil ing range substantially between 80-120 C., and of 80% carbon tetrachloride by volume.
3. A product consisting substantially of 4% tertiary amyl alcohol, of 16% ligroin whose boiling range is 80-120 C., and of 80% carbon tetrachloride by volume.
4. A cleaning fluid consisting of a mixture of an alcohol whose hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom to which less than two hydrogen atoms are attached, ligroin having a boiling range between 80 and 120 C. and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon having a boiling range between 12 and l C. in quantity by volume of not more than 30% ligroin, not more than 30% alcohol, and
not less than chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon.
5. A cleaning fluid consisting of a mixture of an alcohol whose hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom to which less than two hydrogen atoms are attached, ligroin having a boiling range between and 120 C. and carbon tetrachloride .in quantity by volume of not more than 30% ligroin, not more than 30% alcohol, and not less than 60% carbon tetrachloride.
CLYDE 'L. VORESS.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US405279A US1921054A (en) | 1929-11-06 | 1929-11-06 | Cleaning fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US405279A US1921054A (en) | 1929-11-06 | 1929-11-06 | Cleaning fluid |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1921054A true US1921054A (en) | 1933-08-08 |
Family
ID=23603014
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US405279A Expired - Lifetime US1921054A (en) | 1929-11-06 | 1929-11-06 | Cleaning fluid |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1921054A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2613186A (en) * | 1952-10-07 | Cleaning composition |
-
1929
- 1929-11-06 US US405279A patent/US1921054A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2613186A (en) * | 1952-10-07 | Cleaning composition |
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