US1919673A - Photographic relief - Google Patents

Photographic relief Download PDF

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Publication number
US1919673A
US1919673A US561137A US56113731A US1919673A US 1919673 A US1919673 A US 1919673A US 561137 A US561137 A US 561137A US 56113731 A US56113731 A US 56113731A US 1919673 A US1919673 A US 1919673A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gelatine
image
dye
absorbing
relief
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US561137A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leonard T Troland
Roland D Eaton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vantiva SA
Technicolor Inc
Original Assignee
Technicolor SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR741927D priority Critical patent/FR741927A/fr
Application filed by Technicolor SA filed Critical Technicolor SA
Priority to US561137A priority patent/US1919673A/en
Priority to GB23190/32A priority patent/GB392785A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1919673A publication Critical patent/US1919673A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/22—Subtractive cinematographic processes; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/25—Dye-imbibition processes; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials

Definitions

  • Photographic gelatine reliefs are mainly used for printing therefrom by imbibition methods upon elatine blanks, and according to one met od such relief matrices are 5 made by rendering the portions of a photographic silver haloid emulsion, which are coextensive with a latent or develo ed silver image, insoluble in warm water, issolving the remainingr portions and vbleaching the silver image.
  • Matrices of'this kind, as ⁇ made according tov ,previously known methods have various-disadvantages, as for instance an uneven ory otherwise physically irregular surface, uncontrollable irregularities' inherent in they manufacturing process which results in much wastage and uncertainty of output, so-called chemical fog,N etc.
  • Some of themain objects ofthe invention are: photographic gelatine printingreliefs, made from silver haloid emulsions, which have a practically ⁇ smooth surface 'without protuberances or similar physical irregularities; a process, based on fundamental-investigations vof the structure and formation of gelatine reliefs, of making' such reliefs;
  • Fig. 1g is a diagrammatic representation of a photomicrographic top view of a'treated gelatine emulsion.
  • Fig'. 2 is a similar representation of the cross-section through a treated photographic film prior to etching;
  • Fig. 3d s a representation similar to Fig. 2, ⁇ after etching
  • Fig. 4 is a ⁇ representation similar to Fig. y3 of" a film l ortion of low density. It will e'understood that these figures can tonlyfapproximately: .andV diagrammatically '10 l reproduce the character of g the photomicrographs from ,which vthey have been made.-
  • the gelatine relief matrix has dye-absorbing portions embedded kin a relatively smooth layer of 'non-absorbing gelatine above' which'these ⁇ portions do not protrude, ⁇ whereby lthe term smooth, as herein employed, re ers to sur'- face characteristics which influence the above mentioned secondary pattern, ⁇ but has no' relation tothe actual image pattern as reproduced bythe varying height of the relief.
  • a matrix having these peculiar properties is madeby employing, for the develo ment of a latent silver image, a so-called har ening developer, as for instance a pyrogallol or pyrocatechin developer, ,which .is free from reducing chemicals or substances which pro'- tect against oxidation, as for instance sodium sulite.
  • a so-called har ening developer as for instance a pyrogallol or pyrocatechin developer, ,which .is free from reducing chemicals or substances which pro'- tect against oxidation, as for instance sodium sulite.
  • ⁇ Developers of this kind render the A9o gelatine which is" coextensive with vthe .latent image substantially insoluble in warm water but do not .impair its ability to 'take updyes by adsorp'tiomabsforption or any otherphy'si- ⁇ cal or chemical process (hereinafter referred to as dye absorption ability).
  • ythe film is subjected to an oxidation treatsolved air and/or to the action of oxidizing chemicals other than water.
  • oxidizing chemicals such as potassium ferricyanide or potassium bichroinate.
  • This treatment oxidizes the pyrogallic acid which has not been consumed in developing the image, said oxidation producing gelatine, which docs not'readily absorb dye and which at least partially surrounds the dye absorbent gelatine immediately around the silver particles, resulting directly from the hardenf ing development and constitutingthe photographic image.
  • etching usually consisting in washing with water at a temperature of about 130 F.
  • non-dye-absorbing gelatine is dependent upon the chemical action of the oxidized pyrogallic material upon the gelatine surrounding the silver grain clumps, and it may be assumed that this particular structure depends upon the exhaustion of the pyrogallic acid locally at the grain centers in consequence of development at these points, thus leaving the surrounding regions moref highly impregnated with oxidizable substance.
  • the quantity of non-dye-absorbing but hot water soluble image ller gelatine will be approximately inversely proportional to the quantity of dye-absorbing but non-soluble image gelatine, so that after the non-image parts have been removed the non-dye-absorbing gelatine will have a tendency to predominate any regions where the photographic image is increasingly disperse. Consequently, the relief formed in this manner will be substantially smooth and without protuberances at all density levels, but will nevertheless vary in thickness with varying densities, representing a relief merely reproducing the image pattern without any additional secondary pattern.
  • Figs. l to 4 illustrate the various steps of the process as described.
  • H is a network o extremely non-absorbing gelatine surrounding better absorbing portions A
  • the non-absorbing, nonimage, and image filler portions are again indicated by H, S indicating the silver particles of the image portion of the film, B being the support of the emulsion which has been exposed through this support, and A denoting the dye absorptive, insoluble portions.
  • S indicating the silver particles of the image portion of the film
  • B being the support of the emulsion which has been exposed through this support
  • A denoting the dye absorptive, insoluble portions.
  • the ratio between the amounts of dye-absorbing, nonetching gelatine on the one hand and non-dye-absorbing, well etching gelatine portions on the other hand is a'n important factor in controlling the quality of the gelatine relief. If there is an excess of non-dyeabsorbing materia-l, the dye-absorbing particles will be submerged or separated from the surface by non-dye-absorbing material, and therefore rendered ineffective.
  • non-dye-absorbing layer are entirely covered by ⁇ a. non-dye-absorbing layer.
  • fog layers covering the base inthe lower dens1ty regions, as for exam le disclosed :in United States Patent o. 1,677,665 to Troland and Weaver, and assignedr to the Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation.
  • Such foglayers are rendered useless if the non-dye-absorbing material covers the dye-absorbing material.
  • the best condition is one in which the non-d e-absorbing material is nearly, but not qulte, of the same thickness as the dye-absorbing units, so that a maximum number of dye-absorbing units, which might be compared to dye pockets, are open toward the relief surface and therefore able to take up and to discharge their dye and that of the pockets connected with them by channels. This prevents the detrimental effects of an uneven surface, as the forming of dye deposits between protuberances, or of water pools d uring the imbibition process, and the resultlng secondary or grain pattern of the dyed relief and/or the transfer print.
  • the ratio of these two components can be adjusted by controlling the extent of oxidization after development. For instance it has been found that by changing the pH of the washing bath the non-dyeabsorbing material can be increased 1n amount, or heightened to such an extent that there is serious reduction of dye transfer in the lower and medium densities, or that the oxidizing action can be decreased to such a degree that the relief surface becomes qulte uneven and the secondary dye pattern appears.
  • photographic film is exposed to a negatlve 1n any suitable manner, and is then treated, preferably in a continuous developing machine of suitable design, for about 31/2 minutes, at approximately 64 F., in a developer of substantially the following composition:
  • This developer is substantially the same as disclosed and claimed in the Patent No. 1,535.700 of Leonard T, T roland.
  • the film is removed into a wash tank, through which water is circulated in such a manner that it is completely changed approximately once in ten minutes.
  • the oxygen of the air contained in this water performs the oxidizing action upon which the present invention is mainly based, and a varying oxidizing capacity of the water greatly influences the quality of the final product. It is possible to regulate and adjust this oxidizing capacity by agitating the Water bath, or blowing a certain amount of air into it, but it has been found best to use the above disclosed turnover of water o f about 64 F.
  • the film goes for about 1% minutes into a solution of about 14% ferricyanide in water, kept at a pH of approxin'iately 3.7 and a temperature of about (55 F.
  • This ferricyanide bath oxidizes any remaining pyrogallol, acting like a developed stop, and in addition converts the developed silver into a complex, light brown cyanide compound, thereby bleaching the image. Furthermore, it also completely insolubilizes the dye-absorbing image gelatine.
  • the next step is a washing for about l/z minutes in water of a pH of approximately 6.5 and a telnperature of 65 F. From the washing tank, the film is treated for about four minutes in a fixing bath of ordinary, non-acidic sodium thiosulfate solution at approximately 650 F. which performs the normal fixing action and in addition removes the compound into which the developed silver was changed in the ferricyanide bath.
  • the rlhe next bath is the etching bath consisting of water of about 130 F., which dissolves the non-image portions of the emulsion. After properly drying it, the gelatine relief can now be used either directly, by dyeing it, or as a printing matrix.
  • the method of controlling the dye-absorbing properties of a photographic film which comprises treating the latent image of a silver haloid emulsion in a hardening developing solution, oxidizing the solution remainin; r in the gelatine, and not consumed for development ⁇ in a separate bath to a predetermined degree, thereby regulating the thickness of a layer of relatively non-dyeabsorbing gelatine produced by said oxidation process and filling the interstices between image forn'iing dye-absorbent gelatine particles produced by the developing solution, in relation to the depth ol'v the layer formed by said dye-absorbent particles.
  • the method of making gelatine reliefs which comprises developing the latent silver image of a photographic emulsion in a pyrogallic solution, treating the developed emulsion with a bath oxidizing the unused developer remaining inthe emulsion, and dissolving the non-image portions of the emulsion, thereby regulating the proportion of intermingled developed gelatine portions and gelatine portions coextensive with said oxidized developer by varying the action of said oxidizing bath, so that the relief surface is substantially smooth upon removal of the nonimage portions.
  • the method of making photographic gelatine reliefs which comprises developing the latent silver image of a vein emulsion in a pyrogallic solution. treating the developed emulsion with a bath oxidizing the unused developer, thereby providing a .filler layer of relatively non-dye-absorbing gelatine between the image portions, and dissolving the non-image portions, whereby said filler layer is substantially protected against dissolution, by said image portions.
  • the method of making photograph gelatine reliefs which comprises developing the latent silver image of a photographic emulsion in a pyrogallic solution,- treating the emulsion in a hath partially oxidizing the pyrogallic solution not consuned for development, whereby a filler layer of relatively non-dye-absorbing gelatine remains between the image forming dye-absorbent gelatine portions produced by the developing solution, and dissolving the non-image portions. whereby said filler layer is substantially pro-r tected against dissolution, b v said image portions.
  • the method of making nib gelatine reliefs which comprises developing the latent image of a silver haloid emulsion in an alkaline pyrogallic solution, treating the emulsion in an aerated water bath oxidizing the pyrogallic solution not consumed for development, and removing the gelatine substantially not coextensive with the developed image portions, whereby a filler layer of relatively non-dye-absorbing gelatine remains between the image forming dye-absorbent gelatine particles produced by the developing solution.
  • the method of making photographic gelatine reliefs which comprises developing a silver haloid emulsion containing a latent image in an alkaline pyrogallic solution, treating the emulsion in a bath capable of oxidizing the pyrogallic solution not consumed for development, and removing the gelatine substantially not coextensive with the developed image portions, whereby a filler layer of relatively non-dye-absorbing but relatively soluble gelatine remains between the image forming relatively dye-absorbent but insoluble gelatine particles produced by the developing solution.y both gelatine constituents conjointly establishing a substantially smooth relief surface.
  • gelatine the surface of said relief being substantially smooth.
  • a photographic gelatine relief comprising image forming dye-absorbing gelatine particles substantially insoluble in warm water, embedded in relatively non-dye-absorbing, relatively soluble gelatine, said soluble portion forming upon the relief surface fillets connecting the image forming gelatine particles.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Weting (AREA)
US561137A 1931-09-04 1931-09-04 Photographic relief Expired - Lifetime US1919673A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR741927D FR741927A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1931-09-04
US561137A US1919673A (en) 1931-09-04 1931-09-04 Photographic relief
GB23190/32A GB392785A (en) 1931-09-04 1932-08-18 Improvements in photographic reliefs

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US561137A US1919673A (en) 1931-09-04 1931-09-04 Photographic relief

Publications (1)

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US1919673A true US1919673A (en) 1933-07-25

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US561137A Expired - Lifetime US1919673A (en) 1931-09-04 1931-09-04 Photographic relief

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US (1) US1919673A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR741927A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB392785A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU675392B2 (en) * 1990-08-10 1997-01-30 James J. Elting System for performing hip prosthesis revision surgery

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU675392B2 (en) * 1990-08-10 1997-01-30 James J. Elting System for performing hip prosthesis revision surgery

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR741927A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1933-02-23
GB392785A (en) 1933-05-25

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