US1915862A - Pulp treating machine - Google Patents

Description

June 27, 1933.

C. W. MORDEN PUIJ-r TREATING MACHINE Filed April 1, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 27, 1933. C; w. MQRDEN 1,915,862

IULP TREATING MACHINE Filed April '1. 1930 4 Sheets-Sheecr 2 gin/vanto@ aucun-q June 27, 1933. c, w MoRDEN PULP TREATING MACHINE Filed April 1, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 June 27, 1933. c. w. MORDEN 1,915,862

PULP TREATING MACHINE Filed April l, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 3&1# A 57%@ l Patented June 27,

, and a stationary out, separate and quired for each by the beater roll and bed plate,

" is in part controlled.

-tinuous, the only control of the pul canarias w. nonnina, vor' -roa'rmnn COMPANY, OF PORTLAND, OREGON',

PATENT foFFlcl-z' oamoN, Assmann 'roI Ironman Marum A. CORPORATION OI OREGON PULP '.mm'rnra mamma Application led April 1,

In the manufacture of paper stock from ulp, two machinesare ordinarily used, one the beater and the other the Jordan,

both being machines well known to those familiar with the art of paper manufacture.

In the beater, the pulp is treated in large batches, each batch being recirculated in the beater tub, during its treatment, by the ro tation of the beater roll and caused to pass once each circulation between the beater 'roll bed plate which acts to rub promote thehydration of the pul fibres.

The Ibeater does not circulate the pulp uniformly'during its treatment and the machine itself is large and occupies considerable floor space. Further, Isince the pulp is only acted upon once during each circulation a large number of circulations of the mass of pulp is reportion of it to receive the requisite treatment. This greatly prolongs the beating period and requires an excess of power which is practically wasted in circulating the mass of pulp around the tub.

' In the Jordan, which also occupies a relatively -large floor space, since its plane of operation is horizontal, the pulp is passed continuously through the machine and is thereby given a supplementary treatment just before going to the paper machine and after having been treated in the beater,

whereby the way in which the pulp will form into a sheet of paper on the paper machine Since the operation ofi-the Jordan is conis by the adjustment of the attritioning e ements rejected portions are su l treatment in machines called reners, the

'primary function of size of the pulp particles suiiciently to passl to operate more or' less severely on as it passes through the machine. A Y In the preparation of the pulp, prior to its treatment in the beaterand Jordan, as above described, the pulp 'is screened and the bjected to further the pulp which is to reduce the through the screens. Insuch refining opera'-V tions, itiscustomary to thicken the pulp in machines known as thlckeners before it goes feeding and discharge the same issn. serial it. 440,732.

to thevrefiners, and-after the pulp leaves the l refiners it is necessary that it be again screened.

. The ob'ect of 'my invention is to provide an improve pulp treatin machine so constructedv as to occupyv ut relatively little floor space and adapted tofunction either as a beater o'r Jordan, 'or as a combined beater and Jordan. Such machine having 'theadvantages of both .beater and Jordan in that the desirable recirculation of 'ulpfof the beater is combined with the e cient attritioning action of the Jordan, and at the same time the undesirable features of these machines are eliminated in that a Controlled recirculation under4 pressure is provided whereby the ulp is more eiiiciently treated and hydrate without consuming an excess of power ordinarilywasted in the recirculation of the pulp.

the same,y the wallsl cfsaid annular passage` way being relatively arranged to induce sabstantially uniform travel of all particles composing theV material passing through said vpassagewa and having chambers communieating wit said annular passageway at the `intake and discharge ends of the attritioning element, said, chambers being provided, respectively, with vthe inlet and the outletv lforl the material andautomatie means for discharging successive batches of material tov and Afrom the machine,\such means adapted to hold the batch in the machine for a, predetermined interval and to by displacement due to the feeding of a further bach of material a the machine. J

A further object of my invention 1s to provide such a machine which is adapted by a slight change, to continuously refine pulp screenings as rejected by pul screens, sald machine being adapted to thic en the screenings prior to the refining treatment and to screen the same after the renin treatment.

A. further incidental object o? my invention is to provide a machine adapted for operating upon wood chips or othenbre bearing material, to produce pulp suitable for the manufacture of wall board and the like, by merely substituting for one type'of attritioning element provided in the machme another type, thereby to adapt the attritioning elements to handle relatively large units of raw material.

rlhese and other incidental objects of my invention, the details of construction and mode of operation thereof are hereinafter fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings: In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows a central, vertical section taken through my pulp treating machine and illustrates how the pulp is recirculated and the automatic batch delivery means;

Fig. 2 shows a side elevation of my machine provided with electrically controlled batch delivery means;

Fig. 3 shows in a vertical section another form of my machine land illustrates the recirculation of the pulp therein and the particular form of attritioning elements rovided;

Fig. 4 shows a side elevation o my machine as illustrated in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 shows a section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4 and illustrates the relative arrangement of the annular inlet passageway' Fig. 6 shows a section taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 3, and illustrates the relative arrangement of the impeller blades and screen; and

Fig. 7 shows a section taken on the line 7-7 of Fig. 3 and illustrates further details of the particular form of attritioning elements provided.

Referring now to Fig. l1: l have shown my improved pulp treating machine adapted to function on the pulp in batches either as a beater or Jordan, or as a combined beater and Jordan, the use to which it is put depending entirely upon the class of pulp to be operated upon and the results desired. The latter to vbe obtained bythe adjustment of the attritioning element and the length of the period of treatment.

The machine comprises a base a supporting an upright cylindrical housing Za having on its top a verticall arranged motor c. The housing b is provi ed with an inlet d connected with a source of pulp which will be again referred to. a

Within the housing b below the inlet d 1s provided a vertically movable annular shell b', having downwardly converging sides and provided with a longitudinal annular passageway il. within its walls. The exterior of the shell b' adjacent the housing b is provided with adjustable packin gland j to form a fluid tight seal therewit An outlet e is provided 1n the lower part of the shell b to which is connected an upwardly extending conduit f, discharging into a larger open conduit g. By these means a head of pressure i's maintained within the machine.

To control such head of pressure, I provide a relief valve p preferably of the ball type at the upper end of the conduit f and an outwardlyopenin check valve o provided with a counter weig t o in the outlet e to prevent the circulation of pulp into and out of the said outlet, as hereinafter further described.

A shaft 2 is connected to the lower end of the motor shaft c. The upper end of the said motor shaft c is journaled in a thrust bearing 3 so that the is entirely supported is j ournaled at its lower end in the bottom of the shell b in suitable bearings lo preferably of the cutless rubber, water lubricated type.

A frusto-conical plug or rotor 4 is provided on the shaft 2, located within the frustro-conical chamber formed by the shell b', the opposed surfaces of said plug and shell being provided with suitable bar or abrasive attritioning surfaces 1 familiar to those skilled in the art. The larger end of said rotor 4 is located adjacent the inlet al of the machine.

- These means constitute the attritioning elements of my machine and are relatively adjustable to and from each other by means of a worm and gear m carried by the base a on bearings m2 and meshing with threads mf provided in the exterior of the lower part of the shell h', whereby the shell b may be moved to or from the said plug or rotor 4.

Radial impeller blades 10 are bolted to the top of the plug or rotor 4 and the inlet al is connected therewith through a passageway ll, formed within the housing b.

The radial impeller blades serve to throw the pulp entering through the passageway 11 in an annular ring into the passageway h, and also tend to serve as a seal and as means for maintaining pressure within the machine during the treatment of the pulp.

rlhe inlet d is connected with the bottom of an open vat 20, into which pulp is supplied from a pipe 21, leading from the source of supply and arranged to discharge onto a selfemptying hopper 22, which is pivotally mounted on a horizontal shaft 23, and comprises two similar bins 24, 25 located on each side its pivotal axis.

weight of the shaft 2 thereby. The shaft 2 v 26a on the end. Spaced stops 27 are provi ed on the upper rim of the vat which limit thev possible arcuate movement of the' arm 26 and hence that of the hopper 22 in such ar manner that as one bin becomes filled, it will cause the hopper to tip and discharge the filled bin', by its weight, into the vat at the same time bringing the bin 24 under the pipe 21, whichwill then be filled and similarly emptied.

By this construction, the pulp may be automatically fed into my machine in batches, the interval at which each batch is supplied being controlled by the rate of flow from the pipe 2l, for this purpose a valve 21a is provided.

In the operation of my machine, as above described, with reference to Fig. l, the pulp flowing from the pipe 21 fills the bin 25 of the hopper 22, until it overcomes the counter weight 28a and tips, emptying the pulp into the vat 20.

Then, assuming this to be the first batch of pulp introduced into the machine, the pulp flowing into the inlet d from the vat will be picked up by the revolving impeller blades l0, and be thrown against the walls of the housing b and pass downward through the annular passageway L into a chamber b2' formed in the bottom of the shell b.

At this time the check valve o will remain closed, since the pressure of the pulp will be insuilicient to open it, and the pulp will be drawn upward betweenthe attritioning elements by the centrifugal force of the rotating plug 4, which creates a pumping action and the pulp is there acted upon continuously and at all points on the peripheries of the shell and plug until it is discharged at the top of the plug and again passes downward through the passageway h. Thus the pulp may be recirculated and passed be.

tween the attritioning elements 1 as many times as desirable to produce a given grade of pulp.

Therefore, in my machine the p-ulp will be acted upon by the attritioning elements during approximately `half of each circulation, and practically no excess power will be required for the mere recirculation of the pulp since itwill tend to flow byfgravity through the passageway t for the completion of each circulation. v

Further since the pulp will be attritioned and recirculated under pressure through the passageway 7L, which is arranged to induce substantially uniform travel of the pulp particles, the uniform hydration of the same will be promoted and the degree of attritioning desired may be attained'by the adjustment of the shell bjrelatively to the plug 4 to provide more or less severe attritioning action.

I will now describe the further operation of my machine in which each successive batch of pulp is automatically displaced as follows When the bin 24 of the lhopper 22 has f filled and emptied the new batch of pulp entering the inlet d and acted upon by impeller 10, is delivered in an annular mass 1nto the passageway It and displaces the pulp therein and forces it into the chamber b2 where the increase of ressure will open the checlevalve o and relief valve'p, and the displaced pulp will be forced by the pressure of the new batch of pulp out of the machine and into the conduit g.

Thus it is apparent that my machine combines the desirable recirculation of the pulp, as in the beater, and the efficient attrition'mg action of the Jordan and at the same time. provides a controlled recirculation under pressure accomplished without consuming excess of power in recirculating the pulp.

However, this form of my machine may be adapted for continuous operation by merely reversing the direction of flow of the material into and out of'the machine, in which case the relief valve p, the check valve o, and the batch feeding means will of course be removed, so that the material entering the machine at e will be drawn up between the plug 4 and the shell bby the pumping action of the rotating plug, and depending on the relative rate of introduction of the ma teria-l at e to the pumping action of the plug, a greater or less amount will be recirculated through the passageway L and there will be a steady delivery of pulp out of the machine at 11.

Further, it may be desirable for some classes of work to utilize I ny machine as a straight Jordan, in which case the annular passageway h will be closed by a suitable closure plate at its lower end, so that the material will then pass between the plug and shell and directly out of the machine at 11.

In Fig. 2, I show another means for automatically feeding batches of Apulp into my machine at predetermined intervals, which provides a somewhat more positive action.

My machine is illustrated diagrammatically at 30. Its inlet 3l is connected through a pipe 32 with an open vat 33 provided with transverse partitions 33a, 337), the parti( ion 33a is provided with an opening at the bot- .tom controlledv by a gate 34 and the partition 336 does not extend upwardly to the rim of the vat. The space between the partitions 33a, 336 is connected at the bottom with a source of pulp as at 35, and the space between the partition 336 and the end of the vat is provided with an outlet 36 connected with the source of pulp. By this construction pulp under constant head is provided at the gate 34 since pulp entering from the inlet 35 will overflow the partition 335 and outv through the outlet 36 continuously.

A float 38 is provided in the vat operatively connected as at 38a with a two way switch 3S), which controlsl electric circuits 40, 41,

leading to a reversible motor 42 and connected to a source of power 43.

The moi or 42 is connected through a worm and pinion gear 42a with a valve 44 in the outlet of my machine. The valve stem 44a is also operatively connected as at 445 with a two way switch 46 also in the said circuits 40, 41.

By these means, when the pulp in the vat reaches the level shown in the figure, the switch 39 will assume the position there shown, which will close the circuit 40, the switch 46 at thisv time also being positioned to close the said circuit 40 and actuate thev motor 42 to open the valve 44 and permit the batch of pulp therein to discharge, as bel'ore described with reference to Fig. vl. "hcn the valve 44 is `fully opened the switch 46 will break the circuit 40 and stop the motor at the same time closing the circuit 4l so that when the vat has emptied, the float 38 will fall to its lowermost position and cause the switch 39 to also close the circuit 41 and actuate the motor 42 in the reverse direction to close the valve 44.

Referring now to Figs. 3 to 7, inclusive: l show a complete form of my pulp treating machine, adapted either for the refining of the pulp rejected from pulp screen or for batch operation in the treating of pulp as previously described. This form is similar in iis essential features to the machines before described and comprises:

A base 5() supporting a housing 51, which in turn supports a 'motor 52. The motor shaft 52a is supported at the top by a thrust bearing 53 and has a shaft 54 connected to its lower end on which a rotor is mounted carrying atritioning means, hereinafter fur` ther described. The lower end of the shaft 54 is journaled as at 55a in a longitudinally movable shell 56 mounted within the housing which is adjustable relatively to the rotor 55 by a worm and gear 57, as before described wi-h reference to Fig. 1.

A longitudinal annular passageway 59 is provided within the wall of the said shell 56 terminating in the bottom in chamber 59a. The inner face of the shell, adjacent the rotor 55 is provided with a suitable attritioning lining 56a.

An inlet 60 is provided in the housing 5l.

and secondary radial impeller blades 63, 64 carried by the said shaft 54. The blades 63 64 are integral, but perform different functions, the blades 63 are of greater length and positioned just below the dischar e end of the passageway 60a; and the bla es 64 extendmg below are inclosed by an integral, cylindrical wall 65. The exterior of the wall 65 is provided with supplementary radial blades 66 in the same cylindrical plane as the primary blades 63, but relatively arranged so as to lie between the vertical planes of the said primary blades.

The shell 56 is provided with a stationary, upwardly converging wall portion 67, secured thereon on the upper rim of the inner wall of the annular passageway 59 and forms in part with the impeller wall 65, in which the wall portion 67 is slidably journaled annular passageways 68, 69 on each side. The passageways 68, 69, respectively, lead to the passageway 59 in the shell 56 and from above the rotor 55 to the said secondary blades 64.

ln operation this form of my machine performs the function of thickening the rejected pulp as it"comes from the screens lto a suitable consistency for being further relined, of refining the pulp and finally screening it again, and thus takes the place of the several machines now required for this purpose.

The operation is as follows: Pulp flowing continuously into the inlet 60 is received on the primary impeller blades 63 and the supplementary blades 66 and is thrown against the screen 62. The pulp, being too large to pass through the screen 62, is held in the machine, but a port-ion.l of the water however does pass through the screen 62 and out through the outlet 61a, and thus the pulp is thickened. The thickened pulp then passes downward through the passageway 68 into the annular passageway 59 around the shell and into the chamber 59a from where it is drawn upward by the centrifugal action of the rotor 55 and the pumping action of the secondary impeller blades 64 between the rotor 55 and the lining of the shell; and is there acted upon to reduce its size and to be otherwise refined. The pulp then discharged from between the rotor 55 and the shell at the top and passes through the passagcway 69 to the secondary and primary impeller blades and is there mixed with and diluted by the incoming dilute pulp and is then again thrown against the screen 62 and the portion which has been sutliciently re-l duced in size will pass therethrough, with the water separated from the incoming pulp and the rejected portion will again be circulated and acted upon by theattritioning elements until it is sufficiently refined and reduced in size to pass the screen.

Further, in this modification of my machine, the attritioning means carried by the llo' . Leidse:

the shape of the frusto-conical chamber formed by the shell 56.- Between the plates 80 are pivotally mounted on rods 8l, a series Y of elongate hammers 82 also of graduated lengths to conform with the shape of the frusto-conical chamber. The said hammers 82 are of such length as to extend beyond the peripheries of the plates 80, and when in radial alinement with the shaft 54 to almost touch the lining of the shell 56, depending on the relative longitudinal, adjustment of the said shell. A

By this construction, as the relatively coarse ieces of wood or the like are drawn upward) from the chamber 59a, the hammers may yield, but due to the centrifugal force of their rotation will tend to remain in radial alinement and thus with the shell lining will act upon the chips to break down their physical structure and reduce them to pulp, usable for the manufacture of wall board and the like. l

For this work a relatively coarser screen will bev 'provided than the screen 62 provided for the refining of screenings.

Further, this machine, either with the attritioning means 80, 82 here described, or the plug 4, may be adapted for the refining of pulp as described with reference to Fig. 1, by substituting a solid plate for the screen 62 and opening the outlet 85 in the chamber 59a. It would then be preferable to supply the pulp in batches by such means as are illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

Whereas the machine and method herein described have been described as relating to the treating of pulp, it is obvious that they are applicable to other materials than pulp such as materials now treated in colloid mills for example.

I claim:

1. In a machine of the. character described, an attritioning element comprising, a conical shell and. a rotor relatively adjustable, the rotor provided with a series of radial pivoted hammers of graduated length adapted to cooperatewith the conical shell to attrition the material passing therethrough, an annular passageway encompassing the shell and connecting the intake and discharge ends of said attritioning element, an inlet and outlet for the material communicating with said annu-v lar passageway and automatic means for feeding and discharging successive batches of material to and from the machine, such means adapted to hold the batch'in the machine for a predetermined interval and to discharge the same lhy displacement d ueto the feeding of aA further batch of Vmaterial to the machine. 1 Y

-2'. A. pulp treating machine comprlsm'g, an

' upright housing, a vertically arranged motor supported on said housing, an attritionin element consisting of a conicalshell vertica ly adjustable in said housing, a rotor carried by the motor shaft and located within the shell, and cooperating attritioning means carried by the rotor and the shell, respectively, an annular. passageway encompassing `the shell and connecting the intake and discharge ends of said attritioning element,a chamber provided with an inlet port for the pulp, hav ing perforated walls constituting a screen element, the chamber communicating respectively with said annular passageway and the discharge end of saidattritioning element. the exterior of said chamber communicating with an outlet port for the pulp and an impeller element in said chamber comprising primary and secondary blades, the primary blades located adjacent the inlet port and the secondary blades. adjacent the discharge end of the attritoning element. c

3. A pulp treating machine comprising,l

an upright housing, a vertically arranged motor supported on said housing, an attritioning element consisting of a conical shell vertically adjustable in said housing, a rotor carried by the motor shaft and located with` in the shell, and cooperating yattritioning means carried by the rotor and the shell, respectively, the attritioning means of the rotor consisting of a series of radial pivoted hammers of graduated lengths relatively to the cross sectional area of the shell, adapted to cooperate with the attritioning means of the conical shell, an annular passageway encompassing the shell and connecting the intake and discharge ends of said attritioning element, a chamber provided with an inlet port for the pulp, having` perforated walls constituting a screen element, the chamber communicating respectively with said annular passageway and the discharge end of said attritioning element., the exterior of said chamber communicating with an outlet port for the pulp, and an impeller element in said chamber comprising primary and secondary blades, the primary blades located -ad'acent the inlet port and the secondary bla es adjacent the discharge end of the attritioning element.

4. In a machine of the character described,-

an attritioning element comprising two relatively rotatable members, said attriti oning element having peripherally disposed inlet and outlet, a peripherally disposed passageway encompassing said attritioning element connecting the said inlet and outlet thereof, means causing the repeated circulation of material vwithin the machine, said machine provided with a screen element in said passageway.y adapted to retain in the machine that portion of the material not suiiciently treated and permit the rest of the material to escape.

5. In a machine of the character described, an attritioning element comprising a shell and a rotor, said attritioning element having a peripherally disposed inlet and outlet, a peripherally disposed passageway encompassing said attritioning element and c'onnecting the said inlet and outlet thereof, the cross section of said passageway and the arrangement thereof relatively to said inlet and outlet being adapted to cause all particles of material passing from the outlet of said attritioning element to travel a substantially equal distance in return thereof to the inlet of the attritioning element, an inlet and outlet for the machine communicating with said passageway, an impeller journaled at the intake end of the machine for imposing a pressure greater than atmospheric upon the material in the machine.

6. In a machine of the character'described, an attritioning element comprising a shell and a rotor, said attritioning element having a peripherally disposed inlet and outlet, a peripherally disposed passageway encompassing sa'id attritioning element,I and connecting the said inlet and outlet thereof, the cross section of said passageway and the arrangement theneof relatively to said inlet and outlet being adapted to cause all particles of material passing from the outlet of said attritioning element to travel a substantially equal distance in return thereof to the inlet of the attritioning element, an inlet and outlet for the machine communicating with said passageway, an impellerjournaled at the intake end of the machine, a screen element located between said impeller and the outlet of said machine adapted to retain in the machine that portion of the material not sufficiently treated and to permit the rest of the material to escape.

7. In a machine of the character described, an attritioning element comprising a conical shell and a, rotor, said attritioning element having a peripheraly disposed inlet and outlet, a peripherally disposed passageway encompassing said attritioning element and connecting the said inlet and outlet thereof, the cross section of said passageway and the arrangement thereof relatively to said inlet and outlet being adapted to causeall particles of material passing from the outlet of said attritioning element to travel a substantially equal distance in return thereof to the inlet of the attritioning element, an inlet and outlet for the machine communicating with said passageway, automatic means for feeding and discharging successive batches of material to and from the machine, such means adapted to hold the batch in the machine for a predetermined interval and to then discharge the same by displacement due to the feeding of a further batchv of material to the machine.

8. In a machine of the character described an attritioning element comprising a conicai shell and a rotor, said attrltioning element having a peripherally disposed inlet and outlet, a peripherally disposed passageway encompassing said attritioning element' and connecting the said inlet and outlet thereof, the rotor provided with a series of radial pivoted hammers of graduated lengths adapted to cooperate with the attritioning lining of the shell to attrition the material passing therethrough, the cross section of said passageway and the arrangement thereof relatlvely to said inlet and outlet being adapted to cause all particles of material passing from the outlet of said attritioning element to travel a substantially equal distance in return thereof to the-inlet 'of the attritionin element, a screen element located between sald impeller and the outlet of said machine adapted to retain in the machine that portion of the material not suiiiciently treated and to permit the rest of the material to escape.

9. In a, machine of the character described, an, attritioriing element comprising two relatively rotatable members, said attritioning element having a peripherally disposed inlet and outlet, a peripherally disposed passageway encompassing said attritioning element and connecting the said inlet and outlet thereof, the cross section of said passageway and the arrangement thereof .relatively to said inlet and outlet being adapted to cause all particles of material passing from the outlet of said attritioning element to travel a substantially equal distance in return thereof to the inlet of the attritioning element, an inlet and outlet for the machine communicating with said passageway, an impeller journaled at the intake end of the machine for -`imposing a pressure greater than atmospheric upon the material in the machine.

10. In a machine of the character described, an attritioning element comprising two relatively rotatable members, said attritioning element having a peripherally disposed inlet and outlet', a peripherally disposed passageway encompassing said attribetween said impeller and the outlet of said to the feeding machine adapted to retain in the machine that portion of the material not sufficiently treated rposed inlet and outlet, a peripherally disposed passageway encompassing said attritioning element and connecting the said inlet and outlet thereof, the cross section of said passageway and the arrangement thereof relatively to said inlet and outlet being adapted to cause all particles of material passing from the outlet of said attritioning element to travel a substantially equal distance in return thereof to the inlet of the attritioning element, automatic means for feeding and discharging successive batches of material to and from the machine, such means adapted to hold the batch in the machine for a predetermined. interval and to then discharge the same by displacement due of a further batch of material to the machine.

12. In amachine of the character described,

, an attritioning element comprising two relatively rotatable members, said attritioning element having a peripherally disposed in- 'let and outlet, a peripherally disposed passageway encompassing said attritioning element and connecting the said inlet and outlet thereof, the cross section of said passageway and the arrangement thereof relatively to said inlet and outlet being adapted to cause all particles of material passing from the outlet of said attritioning element to travel a substantially equal distance in return thereof to the inlet of the attritioning element, an inlet and outlet for the machine communicating with said passageway, a supply tank connected with the said inlet of the machine, a valve in the said outlet of the machine, means operatively connected with said valve adapted to be actuated by a predeter mined high level of the material, in said tank to open said valve and to be actuated by a predetermined low level of the material to close said valve.

13. In a machine of the character described an attritioning element comprising a conical shell and rotor, the rotor provided with a series of radial Ipi'voted hammers of graduated lengths adapted to cooperate with the attritioning lining of the conical shell to attrition the material passing therethrough, the rotor and shell being relatively and axially adjustable one to the other, whereby the rotor and shell may b'e brought more closely together or spaced further apart to regulate the attritioning action of the said hammers-on the material.

14. In a machine of the character described,

an attritioning element comprising two relatively rotatable conical members, an inlet to v themachine arranged concentric with the axis of rotation of the attritioning element and a feeding and recirculation passageway peripherally encompassing said attritioning element, connecting the inlet and outlet thereof and communicating with said inlet and the o utlet of the machine, said passageway providing .a confining stock feeding circuit adapted to restrain short-circuiting in the fiow oi stock thru it.

A15. In a machine of the character described, an attritioning element comprising two relatively rotatable conical members, an inlet to the machine arranged concentric with the axis of rotation of the attritioning element, a feeding and recirculation lpassageway peripherally encompassing said attritioning element, connecting the inlet and outlet thereof, said passageway providing a confining stock feeding circuitadapted to restrain short-circuiting in the flow of stock thru it, the receiving end of said passageway communieating with the inlet of the machine and its opposite end withy the outlet thereof.

16. In a machine of the character described, an attritioning element comprising two relatively rotatable conical members, an inlet to the machine arr' nged concentric with the axis of rotation of the attritioning element, a feeding and recirculation passageway peripherally encompassing said attritioning element, connecting the inlet and outlet thereof, said passageway providing a confin'fng stock-feeding circuit adapted to restrain short-circuiting in the flow of stock thru it, the receiving end of said passageway communicating with the inlet of the machine and its opposite end with the outlet thereof, and an impeller mounted above the said attritioning element in the inlet of the machine.

17. In a machine of the character described, an attritioning element comprising two relatively rotatable conical members, the larger end located adjacent the inlet of the machine, said inlet arranged concentric with the axis of rotation of the attritioning element. a feeding and recirculation passageway peripherally encompassing said attritioning element, connecting the inlet and outlet thereof, said passageway having a restricted conduit-like cross sectional area providing a confining stock feeding circuit adapted to restrain short circuiting in the flow of the stock, thru it, the receiving end of said passageway communicating with the inlet of the machine and. its opposite end with the outlet thereof. l

18. In the art of attritioning pulp and the like, the improved method which consists, in subjecting the pulp to repeated circulating and attritioning cycles and introducing measured units of untreated material at intervals Laiaeea into said cycle, whereby to displace from said cycle units of treated material with units of untreated material.

19. In the art of attritioning pulp and the like the improved method which consists, in subjecting the pulp to repeated circulating and attritioning cycles under pressure greater than atmospheric and introducing under induced pressure measured units of untreated material at intervals into said cycle whereby to displace from said cycle units of treated material with units of untreated material.

20. In the art of attritioning pulp and the like2 the improved method which consists, in subJecting the pulp to repeated circulating and attritioning cycles under pressure greater than atmospheric and introducing under pressure measured units of untreated material at timed intervals into said cycle, whereby to displace from said cycle units of treated material with units of untreated material.

CHARLES W. MORDEN.

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