US191529A - Improvement in hoisting-machines - Google Patents

Description

A SSheets-SheetL F. G. IIESSL.

HUNTING-MACHINE (HYDRAULIC.) No. 191,529. y Patented .Tune 5,1877.

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F. G. HESSE.

Hmmm-MACHINE (HYDRAULIC.) 191,529.

Patented June 5,1877.

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\ HorsTI -MAGHIN HYDRAULIC.) N0.191,5Z9'. Patented June 5,1877.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK G. HESSE, OF OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN HOISTING-MA'CHINES, (HYDRAULIC.)

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. i9 [,529, dated June 5, 1877 application tiled March 30, 1877.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, FREDERICK G. HEssE, of Oakland, in the county of Alameda and State of California, have invented certain new and usefull Improvements in Hoisting-Machines, which improvements are fully set forth in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is an elevation of my improved hoisting-machine. Fig. 2 is a top view ofthe same. Fig. 3 is a rear vertical central longitudinal section of the valve-gear of my turbine wheel which operates the hoisting apparatus. Fig. 4. is a vertical transverse section of the same. Figs. 5, 6, 7 are horizontal sections in different positions of the auxiliary valve for the operation of the valve-gear. Fig. 8 is a top view of the main valve. Fig. 9 isa vertical central section through the motor, brake, and stopping Vmechanism of my improved hoisting-machine. Fig. 10 is a top View of a friction-clutch coupling, whereby the turbine wheel and brake mechanism are conneeted. Fig. ll is a vertical central section of the same. Fig. 12 is a horizontal section of a valve forming part of the brake mechanism. Fig. 13 is a horizontal section of the same valve at a higher elevation and through its in- 1ct-ports. Fig. 14 is an elevation of the said valve. Fig. 15 is a vertical central section of the bearing and centering arm of the turbine and brake wheel shafts. Fig. 16 is an enlarged diagram of myimproved friction-clutch used for coupling the turbine shaft with the centrifugal water-brake below. Fig. 17 is a similar diagram, illustrating the old mode of construction; and Fig. 18. is a sectional diagram, illustrating the course of the water in the centrifugal water-brake when the regulating-valve is lifted.

The nature of my invention consists in eertain constructions, combinations, and arrangements ot' parts, hereinafter described and specifically claimed, whereby a hoisting-machine with automatically-adjustable supply of water-power with an automatic brake and with a friction-stoppage is produced, which., by its compaetness, is especially suitable for establishments where the scarcity of room necessitates economy, and which, as a substitute for steam-hoisting machines, avoids the danger of re, explosion, damage to walls and roofs by exhaust steam, and expense for fuel and en ginecrs wages.

The object of my invention is, first, to regulate or adjust the supply of water to the motor according to and through the weight to be lifted thereby during the operation of lifting; second, to regulate the above-regulated supply according to the existing head or pressure, which in most eases is variable, and especially so when the said supply is obtained by means of public water-works, whereby ordinarily-constructed hydraulic hoisting apparatus is often rendered inoperative.

In the drawings, A represents the main shaft of a turbine wheel, B, which, by means of pinion Gand the intermediate geared wheels D D1 D2, drives the cable-drum E with the cable X upon it. Water is admitted to the wheel B by means ot' a swinging valve, G, through one end g of which the main shaft A is passed, and the other end Gl of which forms a sector of an annulus, and has near its one end an opening, g, with a number of guideplates, g2, directly above the wheel B. The said valve G is litted upon the bottom F ofits chamber G2, and has a port,f, corresponding in size and shape with the valve-opening gl, through which opening f water is permitted to pass to the wheel below. By swinging the valve forward or backward the port f is either opened or closed, and thus the wheel B is either started or stopped.

The valve G is operated from a piston, H, within a cylinder, I, by means of a pin, h, fastened to the said piston, and projecting into a slot, g3, in the valve G. The cylinder I has a slot, t', through which the pin h. passes, and by which the full stroke of the piston H is determined, the piston vbeing of sui'ieient length to cover the slot i at any position of the piston. The cylinder I is suitably closed at the ends in the manner of a steam-engine cylinder, and it has two pipes, Il I2, for the purpose of communication between the extreme ends of the cylinder-space and a reversing and exhaust valve, J, above the inlet J l. The inlet J1 and the cylinder I are, in practice, all united with the top K ofthe valve-chamber G2, which contains the valve G, by being cast in one piece. The top K and bottom F are fastened together, and secured around the main shaft A by means of a sleeve, L, with a stepped head, l, above, and a screw-thread, l', below.l screwed into the said bottom. Near their periphery the said top K and the bottom F are fastened together, and upon the top flange of a cylinder, M, by means of screws L'. The valve J is a rotary valve, and is secured by suitable means to its valve-seat J2, and is operated by a pulley, J 3, and a cord, j. Itis provided with a vertical port-hole, j, which opens into thc valve-chamber G2, and has a horizontal branch, jz, on the same level with the ports i ti2 of the pipes 1 12 in the valve-seat JZ. Opposite the branch j the valve J is provided with a channel ,j3, and opposite the ports t" i2 the valve- Seat J2 is provided with an exhaust-port,j.

The arrangement of the ports t" izj* and the channel jf and branch j2 is such that, when water is supplied to one end of the cylinder I, the other is exhausted, and vice versa, and that, when both supplies are cnt oi' or closed, the exhaust is also closed, as Figs. 5, 6, 7 fully represent. Thus, by turning the valve J one way or the other, the piston II will be moved correspondingly, and thereby the valve G will either open or close the port-holefwith the above-stated results to the wheel B. The piston H has a piston-rod, H', with a fixed collar, h', outside thc cylinder l. Behind the said collar h the end of an arm, N, encircles the piston-rod, and the said arm has a sleeve, N1, which slides upon a fixed rod, N2, arranged parallel with the piston-rod. A pin, n, on the sleeve Nl serves to receive motion, by means of a slot, o, in the end ofa lever-arm, 0, which, with another arm, Ol, slotted at o, forms a crank-lever, 02, with a fixed f'nlcrum, o2.

The piston-rod H has to be very loosely encircled b v the arm N, so as to prevent jamming by friction during the independent movements of the said parts, as hereinafter described. The sleeve N' is to he iliade long enough to prevent its becoming locked between its extreme corners and upon the rod N2. The hoisting-cable X passes from the drum E toward and over the pulley p fastened to the forked vertical arm P of a crank-lever, P2, which has a horizontal arm, l, and fixed fulcrum-stand p. The arm Il extends toward the crank-lever O2, and is provided with an adjustable sliding head, P4, with a set-screw, p2, and a pin, p3, which latter passes through the slot o1 of the crank-lever 0". The arm l" is rigidly connected with a rock-shaft, P3, upon which the arm P is fitted, and kept steady by a set-screw, p5. 'lhe strain exerted by the hoisted weight upon the cable X tends to throw the lever-arm P' down, which tendency may be partly counteraeted by a spring cushion or spring balance, l, attached to the said lever-arm, which might also be made to serve as an indicator of the weight supported by the cable. The change of strain upon the cable e'ects a change of elevation ofthe end of' the lever-arm P, and, consequently, a change of position of the crank-lever 02, which in turn moves the sleeve N1 and arm N either forward or backward, thereby allowing the collar h and the therewith-connected piston 1I more or less length of stroke, with the fina-l result of more or' less opening the port-holef, and furnishing a proportionate amount of water to the wheel B.

The sliding head P4 may be moved nearer to or farther from the crank-lever 02 to meet the requirements of a change in the pressure of the supply-water by a change of position of the arm N, and the consequent change of position of the main valve G. The said movement or change of position of the slidin g head P4 is done by hand, and according to observations lnade in regard to the operation of the hoisting machinery under a periodical change of pressure; and the effect of it is to allow a more or less copious supply in connection with the saine conditions of automatic adjustment.

By this construction I obtain, under all circumstances, the exact amount of supplywater necessary for properly operating the hoisting apparatus, and all waste of the snpply-water, as it happens with machines of ordinary construction, is avoided.

To facilitate the adjustment of the sliding head I4 the part of the lever l" upon which it slides is provided with a scale, p4, graduated according to the different amounts of' pressure prevailing at the different times ot' the season. The foot of the main shaft A has a spindle-bearing. a, in the upright shaft Q of a brake-pulley, Q. This pulley Ql has a cylindrical rim, q, upon which the heads q1 of two forked levers, Q2, impinge. Each lever Q2 is provided with a slot, q2, and a fulcrumpin, g3, which latter are fastened to the ends of two parallel arms, Q4, between which the levers Q2 are placed.

The arms Q4 are provided with a hub, Q, which freely revolves around the hub of the pulley Q, and has two lugs, g4, whereby the back swing of the levers Q2 is limited.

AThe turbine-wheel Bis provided wi th a couple of downward pins, b, which enter the slots q2 of the levers Q2, and thereby operate them.

When the turbine-wheel B moves forward the pins b keep the levers Q2 against the lugs g4 and the heads q1 oft' the rim qof the pulley l Q1, consequently the pulley Q* is not moved. \Vhen,.in lowering,theturbine-wheel is moved backward, the pins b press the levers Q2 to ward the 1arms Q4 and the heads q1 against the rim q, in consequence whereof the pulley Q1 is tightly clutched and caused to revolve with the turbine wheel.

ln Fig. 16 I have illustrated the principle of the described clutch, which differs from the ordinary method of construction chiefly in the impinging angle. The said angle is obtained by drawing a tangent, X at the point of impingement a' to the inner surface of the rim q, and then to draw a straight line,x Y, from the said point x through the fulcrum g3 of the lever Q2. The so-formed angle of impingement X mY is about thirty-five or forty degrees, while in the ordinary construction, as represented in Fig. 17, the angle -of impingement X .fr Y is almost equal to a right angle. In the latter case the pressure at fr upon the rim q is generally excessive, and is attended by speedy wear of the clutch. The greatest elfect of my improved friction-clutch is secured by making the complement Y x Z of the angle of imping'emeut larger than forty-five degrees. The slots Q6 of the levers Q2 should beradial, as seen in Fig. 16, when the clutch is operating, to be most effective.

.The pulley Q1 has a V-shaped horizontal rim, Q, at its base, upon which the head r of a f'riction or brake lever, lt, is fitted, and which has its fulcrum r1 in a lug, R1, on the inner side of the cylinder M. A bracket, R2, fastened to the outside of the said cylinder, supports a weightedl'ever, r2, by means of a fulcrum, r3, and the lever z2 is further supported in a horizontal position by means of 'a screw, R3, which passes through the lower part of the bracket R2, and is, at its lower extremity, provided with a cord-pulley, r4. A vertical lug, T5, on the lever r2, near its fulcrum, serves to force a thrust-pii1,r6,in a tubular bearing, W, of the bracket R2 against the brake-lever It, whereby the motion of the pulley Q1 is either retarded or stopped. By turning the screw R3 more or less by means of a cord, Irg, one or the other way, the friction of -the brake-lever R may be so adjusted as to lower the hoisting apparatus with the eiractv speed desired. The maximum friction produced bythe weighted lever r2 is so regulated by the weight and its distance from the fulcrum of the said lever that a sudden application of full pressure ofthe brake cannot arrest the motion in so short a space of time as to allow a dangerous strain to be thrown upon the revolving parts.

The shaft Q, has a tubular bearing, s, on a bracket, S, which is fastened to a removable bottom, S1, of the cylinder M. The main bottom M of the said cylinder has a spindlebearing, m, for the shaft Q. The bottom Sl forms a chamber, S2, with the bottom M', which is subdivided by a horizontal disk, S3, supported by the removable bottom Sl by means of stays s1, as shown in section in Fig. 12. The disk S3 is ot' smaller dia-meter than the lower part of the cylinder M, and has a horizontal valve-seat, s2, around an opening, S3. The removable bottom Sl has a tapering valve-seat, s, into which a valve, T, is inserted. The disk S3 is connected, by means ot' radial arms S5, with a tubular bearing, S4,tted on the shaft Q.

The top of the valve T is a heavy solid disk, t. lhe valve proper is a hollow cylinder, T', provided with a horizo-ntal foot-bearin g, t1, and a conical bearing, t2, of larger diameter than the bearing tl. Between the disk t and the bearing t2 the valve is provided with apertures t3, which open into the inner space of the valve. The disk t is also provided with a tubular bearing, T', which is fitted and slides upon the bearings s and S4, and thereby guides the valve in its operation.

The lower subdivision of the chamber S2 is occupied by a winged wheel, U, which consists of a hub, u, fastened to the shaft Q, and a number ot' radial arms, u. The revolution ofthe wheel U imparts a rotary motion to the water, which produces, by means of centrifugal action, a difference of pressure at the outer circumference and center ofthe wheel U. This pressure or centrifugal head extends throughout the upper part of the chamber S2, between S3 and S1, on account of thc stationary wings or stays sl, which prevent the rotation of the water, which would otherwise balance the revolving column ot' water in wheel U, thereby preventing the circulation desired. The weight of the valve T is so regulated as to balance the pressure due to a given number of revolutions of the wheel U corresponding to the desired velocityV of descent of the hoistingplatform. A slight increase of the said speed will increase the pressure of the water and lift the valve. The lift of the valve provides two outlets for the water between Sl and S, one at the upper valve-seat s4, and the other at the lower valve-seat s2. The water passing up between the valve T and its upper valveseat s4 increases the volume of water upon the bottom Sl so that it begins to How through the openings t3 of the valve, and passes through its interior space and through the openings s3of the disk S3, into the wheel U. The water which passes between the foot of the valve T and its lower valve-seat s2 passes downward through the opeuin gs si into the wheel U. As soon as the valve T has left its valve-seats s2 s4 its area of pressure from below is greatly reduced, as only the area below the bottom Sl is effective in holding the valve suspended. and consequently the pressure or centrifugal head must be greatly increased to keep the valve suspended, and it is seen that thereby any excess of descending speed of the hoistingplatform is very quickly checked by a very small movement ofthe valve T. The cylinder M has a side opening, o, and a discharge-pipe, V. The saicLside opening o is at such elevation from the bottom Sl that the water discharged by the wheel B cannot run oft' until it has filled the chamber S2 through the apertures t3 of the valve T.

Operation: Everythingbeingin readiness for raising the elevator, water is admitted from a supply-pipe through the opening J1 into the valve-chamber G2. The main valve Gr being closed, the operator pulls the valve-cord j, and thereby turns the valve J in the position shown in Fig. 6, permitting the water in the valvechamber G2 to enter the passages y" j? of the valve J, and pass through the port li2 into the pipe 12, and thence into the cylinder I. The piston H is thereupon pushed toward the end of its stroke until the collar h comes in -contact with the arm N, the position of which has already been determined by the weight upon the hoisting apparatus by means of the levers P2 and O2and their connecting parts. By the said movement of the piston H the main Valve G is so moved that its opening g comes to be above the opening f in the bottom F, and the water in the chamber G2 thereupon flows through the said openings into the wheel B. The wheel B now revolves with the proper speed and hoists the load. If the operator wants to stop, he pulls the eordj in the epposite direction, and thereby changes the position of the. valve J into the position shown in Fig. 5, tlms reversing the position of the piston H and closing the valve G.

The first backward movement of thc turbine wheel, caused by the load on the hoisting apparatus, throws the heads q of the frictionclutch within the pulley Q against the rim q, and locks the turbine with the pulley Q, which latter is prevented from turning by the head r ofthe friction-stoppin g device. If the cord r is so pulled as to move the screw R3 upward., the lever r2 is lifted and the head 'r freed from strain, by which action the turbine B revolves backward, and the load on the hoisting apparatus is thereby lowered. In the latter case the speed of the apparatus is regulated by the centrifugal water-brake above described.

I may here state that in practice I provide my hoisting-machine, as near the main valve as practicable, with a very sensitive safetyvalve, whereby I avoid the bad consequence of a sudden shock upon the parts, caused by the quick closing of the said main valve.

What l claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. Ahoistin g apparatus, in combination with a water wheel, the supply of water to which wheel is regulated by the weight of the load upon the hoisting apparatus, substantially as set forth.

2. Ahoistingapparatus, in combination with an automatic centrifugal water-brake, substan tially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination of a hoisting apparatus with an automatic centrifugal water-brake and an adjustable friction-stop, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of the cable X, the levers P2 O2, the sliding arm N, and the piston H, having a collar, h', on its piston-rod, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of the cord j, the valve J, having passages j* f2 j, the valve-seat J2, having ports il i2j, the valve-chamber G2, and the piston H, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of the piston I-I, having a collar, h', and a pin, h, and the valve G, substantially as set forth.

7. The valve G, having an opening, gl, and guide-plates g2, in combination with the bottom F, having an opening, f, and the piston H, substantially as set forth.

8. The wheel B, having pins b, in combination with the slotted locking-levers Q2, the arms Q, the pulley Q1, the shaft Q, and the wheel U, substantially as set forth.

9. The shaft Q, having a wheel, U, in combination with the bottom S1, the disk S2, and the valve T, substantiallyas set forth.

10. The wheel B, having1 pins b, in combination with the locking-levers Q2, the arms Q2 the pulley Q, having the rims q and Q, the friction-lever R, pin 1', and weighted lever r2, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

Witness my hand in the matter ot' my application for a patent for an improved hoisting-machine this 10th day of March, 1877.

Oakland, Alameda county, California, March 10, 1877.

FREDERICK GODFREY BESSE'.

Witnesses:

J. R. CAPELL, F. S. SUTTON, W. M. GRAHAM.

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